1.引言

　　fengjichilunxiangshilianjiefengjizhuzhouhefadianjidechuandongbujian，qijiangzhuzhoudedizhuansudeshuruzhuanhuachengzhongsuhuogaosufadianjisuoxudeshuchu，shifengjizhongdezhongyaobujianzhiyi。youyufengji齒輪箱的複雜工況及對可靠性等方麵的高要求，風機齒輪箱的設計及應用
，尤其是其中作為關鍵零件的軸承的選型



、安an裝zhuang及ji使shi用yong顯xian得de尤you為wei重zhong要yao。不bu恰qia當dang的de軸zhou承cheng選xuan型xing或huo是shi不bu當dang的de安an裝zhuang和he使shi用yong，會hui導dao致zhi軸zhou承cheng的de各ge種zhong損sun傷shang和he失shi效xiao模mo式shi
，甚shen至zhi還hai可ke能neng會hui損sun傷shang到dao齒chi輪lun箱xiang裏li其qi他ta的de零ling部bu件jian。這zhe些xie損sun傷shang和he失shi效xiao都dou會hui直zhi接jie或huo間jian接jie的de導dao致zhi風feng機ji停ting機ji，不bu但dan影ying響xiang生sheng產chan率lv，還hai會hui產chan生sheng計ji劃hua外wai的de更geng換huan和he維wei護hu成cheng本ben。鐵tie姆mu肯ken公gong司si可ke針zhen對dui多duo種zhong常chang見jian失shi效xiao模mo式shi提ti供gong有you效xiao解jie決jue方fang案an。

　　2.風機齒輪箱軸承常見失效模式及解決方案

　　風機齒輪箱shejiduozhongduoyang，danshijibenshangdoushiyouxingxingjihepingxingjizucheng。benwenyimuqianbijiaochangjiandeyizhongyixingxingjiaweishuru
，neichiquanguding，taiyanglunshuchubingchuandidaopingxingjideshejiweili
，fenxishuomingchangjiandezhouchengshixiaomoshijixiangyingdejiejuefangan。

　　2.1行星架軸承

　　2.1.1常見失效模式：

　　行xing星xing架jia軸zhou承cheng的de選xuan型xing和he應ying用yong是shi和he主zhu軸zhou的de設she計ji相xiang關guan的de。目mu前qian常chang見jian的de行xing星xing架jia軸zhou承cheng是shi滿man裝zhuang滾gun子zi的de圓yuan柱zhu滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng。如ru果guo主zhu軸zhou軸zhou承cheng選xuan用yong調tiao心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng，不bu論lun是shi單dan個ge調tiao心xin滾gun子zi主zhu軸zhou軸zhou承cheng的de3點支承設計還是兩個調心滾子主軸軸承的4點dian支zhi承cheng設she計ji，由you於yu調tiao心xin滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng徑jing向xiang和he軸zhou向xiang遊you隙xi的de存cun在zai，當dang風feng機ji在zai刹sha車che或huo是shi其qi他ta出chu現xian軸zhou向xiang載zai荷he交jiao替ti變bian換huan方fang向xiang的de工gong況kuang時shi
，主zhu軸zhou及ji其qi後hou麵mian連lian接jie的de行xing星xing架jia在zai軸zhou向xiang可ke能neng會hui有you竄cuan動dong。此ci時shi如ru果guo使shi用yong圓yuan柱zhu滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng作zuo為wei行xing星xing架jia軸zhou承cheng
，由you於yu其qi內nei外wai圈quan在zai軸zhou向xiang方fang向xiang上shang有you一yi定ding的de相xiang對dui錯cuo位wei空kong間jian，因yin此ci來lai自zi主zhu軸zhou的de軸zhou向xiang竄cuan動dong會hui傳chuan遞di到dao行xing星xing架jia的de圓yuan柱zhu滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng
，而er如ru果guo竄cuan動dong量liang足zu夠gou大da
，則ze對dui圓yuan柱zhu滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng會hui造zao成cheng衝chong擊ji。而er且qie，由you於yu內nei齒chi圈quan和he減速機箱體是連成一體的，所以行星輪和行星架一起軸向竄動還會對行星輪造成齒麵磨損.

　　2.1.2解決方案:

　　tiemukengongsituijianxuanyongdanlieyuanzhuigunzizhouchengkuazhuang，tongguoduiyuanzhuigunzizhouchengyujinlaijiejuezhuzhouzhouxiangcuandongduixingxinglundeyingxiang。erqieyujindeyuanzhuigunzizhouchengdechengzaiqudedaoyouhua
，jianshaolegundaoyingli，tigaolexingxinglunxidegangxing，bingkeyichengshouwaibuchuandiruchilunxiangxingxingjiaduandeewaizhouxiangli

　　2.2行星輪軸承

　　2.2.1常見失效模式：

　　常chang見jian的de一yi種zhong行xing星xing輪lun軸zhou承cheng是shi由you一yi對dui雙shuang列lie圓yuan柱zhu滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng組zu成cheng。在zai軸zhou承cheng外wai圈quan和he行xing星xing輪lun內nei孔kong之zhi間jian過guo盈ying配pei合he量liang不bu足zu或huo是shi由you於yu齒chi輪lun變bian形xing而er使shi兩liang者zhe接jie觸chu麵mian積ji減jian少shao的de情qing況kuang下xia，會hui出chu現xian外wai圈quan跑pao圈quan和he磨mo損sun。

　　對於斜齒行星輪設計而言，由於行星輪與內齒圈和太陽輪同時齧合的時候受到大小相同
、fangxiangxiangfandezhouxiangli，suochanshengdeqingfulijushidewaicedeliangliegunzichengzaijiaoda
，zhongjianliangliegunzichengzaijiaoxiao。siliegunzizhijiandezaihefenbubujunyunshideshijishiyongshoumingyouyidingchabie
，zaixiangtongshejishoumingdeqiantixia，waiceliangliehuitiqianchuxianpilaoboluo。

　　2.2.2解決方案：

　　Timken?jichengshirouxingxiaoxingxinglunzujianshitigaoxingxingjikekaoxingdezuijiafanganzhiyi。chilunhezhouchengwaiquanjichengyuyiti
，dujuelewaiquanpaoquandekenengxing
，tongshiyougengduodeneibukongjianshejigengduo
、更(geng)大(da)的(de)滾(gun)子(zi)來(lai)提(ti)高(gao)承(cheng)載(zai)能(neng)力(li)。通(tong)過(guo)預(yu)緊(jin)兩(liang)列(lie)圓(yuan)錐(zhui)滾(gun)子(zi)使(shi)其(qi)承(cheng)載(zai)區(qu)得(de)到(dao)優(you)化(hua)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)應(ying)力(li)和(he)滾(gun)子(zi)打(da)滑(hua)的(de)幾(ji)率(lv)，使(shi)載(zai)荷(he)更(geng)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)兩(liang)列(lie)。柔(rou)性(xing)銷(xiao)設(she)計(ji)允(yun)許(xu)行(xing)星(xing)輪(lun)組(zu)件(jian)在(zai)運(yun)行(xing)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)柔(rou)性(xing)的(de)偏(pian)移(yi)
，保(bao)證(zheng)齒(chi)麵(mian)有(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)齧(nie)合(he)率(lv)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)對(dui)多(duo)個(ge)行(xing)星(xing)輪(lun)的(de)設(she)計(ji)，使(shi)得(de)各(ge)行(xing)星(xing)輪(lun)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)載(zai)荷(he)分(fen)布(bu)更(geng)均(jun)勻(yun)，而(er)且(qie)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)加(jia)工(gong)和(he)裝(zhuang)配(pei)的(de)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)。

　　2.3高速軸軸承

　　2.3.1常見失效模式：

　　圓yuan柱zhu滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng及ji四si點dian接jie觸chu球qiu軸zhou承cheng組zu合he在zai高gao速su級ji的de應ying用yong中zhong是shi較jiao為wei常chang見jian的de一yi種zhong。在zai高gao速su和he低di載zai的de情qing況kuang下xia，圓yuan柱zhu滾gun子zi軸zhou承cheng容rong易yi出chu現xian滾gun子zi打da滑hua和he滾gun道dao滑hua傷shang
，而er球qiu軸zhou承cheng可ke能neng會hui出chu現xian滑hua傷shang和he微wei剝bo落luo的de損sun傷shang。

　　2.3.2解決方案：

　　tiemukengongsitichudaikangmotucengdeyuanzhugunzizhouchenghedanlieyuanzhuigunzidingweizhoucheng。daikangmotucengdeyuanzhugunzizhouchengzaizhenggeshoumingzhouqideyunxingzhongjinengchixudifangzhihuashang
，yekeyifangzhiyouyurunhuajilihanzazhierzaochenggundaoshanghaiyijirunhuabuliangdeqingkuang。danlieyuanzhuigunzidingweizhouchengkeyichengshoujingxiangjishuangxiangdezhouxiangzaihe，qichungundongdetexingjianghuashangdekenengxingjiangzhizuixiao。

　　3.總結

　　隨(sui)著(zhe)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)裝(zhuang)備(bei)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)迅(xun)猛(meng)發(fa)展(zhan)，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)大(da)功(gong)率(lv)風(feng)機(ji)日(ri)趨(qu)主(zhu)流(liu)
，風(feng)機(ji)及(ji)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)將(jiang)是(shi)研(yan)發(fa)中(zhong)關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)的(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)軸(zhou)承(cheng)常(chang)見(jian)失(shi)效(xiao)模(mo)式(shi)及(ji)其(qi)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)

，旨(zhi)在(zai)幫(bang)助(zhu)設(she)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)選(xuan)取(qu)更(geng)適(shi)合(he)風(feng)機(ji)齒(chi)輪(lun)箱(xiang)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)軸(zhou)承(cheng)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)，力(li)求(qiu)不(bu)斷(duan)優(you)化(hua)減速機的設計，使齒輪箱乃至整機的可靠性得到大幅的提升。
風機齒輪箱常見的軸承失效模式及解決方案