在減速機家族中，行星減速機以其體積小(與電機直徑基本同)，傳動效率高(85～90％)
，減速範圍廣(1:3～100)，精度高(回差小)等諸多優點，而被廣泛應用於伺服、步進、直流無刷等控製電機(後稱驅動電機)的傳動係統中。在保證精密傳動的前提下，可以降低轉速﹑增(zeng)大(da)扭(niu)矩(ju)和(he)降(jiang)低(di)負(fu)載(zai)與(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)慣(guan)量(liang)比(bi)。但(dan)在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)經(jing)常(chang)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)因(yin)安(an)裝(zhuang)不(bu)當(dang)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)，減(jian)速(su)機(ji)和(he)驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)斷(duan)軸(zhou)就(jiu)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)故(gu)障(zhang)類(lei)型(xing)之(zhi)一(yi)。對(dui)斷(duan)軸(zhou)機(ji)理(li)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)有(you)利(li)於(yu)廣(guang)大(da)客(ke)戶(hu)了(le)解(jie)如(ru)何(he)正(zheng)確(que)安(an)裝(zhuang)行(xing)星(xing)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)，更(geng)好(hao)地(di)發(fa)揮(hui)行(xing)星(xing)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。  

　　    一、不同心出現的斷軸問題  

　　    youdeyonghuzaishebeiyunxingyiduanshijianhou，qudongdianjideshuchuzhouduanle。weishenmequdongdianjideshuchuzhouhuiniuduan？dangwomenzaixiguanzhaqudongdianjizheduandeshuchuzhouhengduanmian
，huifaxianhengduanmiandewaiquanjiaomingliang，eryuexiangzhouxinchuduanmianyanseyuean，zuihoudaozhouxinchushizheduandehenji(點狀痕)。這一現象大多是驅動電機與減速機裝配時兩者的不同心所致。  

　　    當驅動電機和減速機間裝配同心度保證得較好時，驅動電機輸出軸所承受的僅僅是轉動力(扭矩)，運轉時也會很平順，沒有脈動感。而在不同心時
，驅動電機輸出軸還要承受來自於減速機輸入端的徑向力(彎矩)。這zhe個ge徑jing向xiang力li的de作zuo用yong將jiang會hui使shi驅qu動dong電dian機ji輸shu出chu軸zhou被bei迫po彎wan曲qu
，而er且qie彎wan曲qu的de方fang向xiang會hui隨sui著zhe輸shu出chu軸zhou轉zhuan動dong不bu斷duan變bian化hua。如ru果guo同tong心xin度du的de誤wu差cha較jiao大da時shi
，該gai徑jing向xiang力li使shi電dian機ji輸shu出chu軸zhou局ju部bu溫wen度du升sheng高gao
，其qi金jin屬shu結jie構gou不bu斷duan被bei破po壞huai
，最zui終zhong將jiang導dao致zhi驅qu動dong電dian機ji輸shu出chu軸zhou因yin局ju部bu疲pi勞lao而er折zhe斷duan。兩liang者zhe同tong心xin度du的de誤wu差cha越yue大da時shi，驅qu動dong電dian機ji輸shu出chu軸zhou折zhe斷duan的de時shi間jian越yue短duan。在zai驅qu動dong電dian機ji輸shu出chu軸zhou折zhe斷duan的de同tong時shi
，減jian速su機ji輸shu入ru端duan同tong樣yang也ye會hui承cheng受shou來lai自zi於yu驅qu動dong電dian機ji輸shu出chu軸zhou方fang麵mian的de徑jing向xiang力li，如ru果guo這zhe個ge徑jing向xiang力li超chao出chu減jian速su機ji輸shu入ru端duan所suo能neng承cheng受shou的de最zui大da徑jing向xiang負fu荷he的de話hua
，其qi結jie果guo也ye將jiang導dao致zhi減jian速su器qi輸shu入ru端duan產chan生sheng變bian形xing甚shen至zhi斷duan裂lie或huo輸shu入ru端duan支zhi撐cheng軸zhou承cheng損sun壞huai。因yin此ci
，在zai裝zhuang配pei時shi保bao證zheng同tong心xin度du至zhi關guan重zhong要yao！  

　　    congzhuangpeigongyishangfenxi，ruguoqudongdianjizhouhejiansujishuruduantongxin，namequdongdianjizhoumianhejiansujishuruduankongmianjianjiuhuihenwenhe，tamendejiechumianjinjinxiangtie，meiyoujingxianglihebianxingkongjian。erzhuangpeishiruguobutongxin，namejiechumianzhijianjiuhuibuwenhehuoyoujianxi
，jiuyoujingxianglibinggeibianxingtigonglekongjian。  

　　    tongyang
，jiansujideshuchuzhouyeyouzheduanhuowanquxianxiangfasheng，qiyuanyinyuqudongdianjideduanzhouyuanyinxiangtong。danjiansujidechulishiqudongdianjichulihejiansubizhiji，xiangduiyudianjilaijiangchuligengda
，gujiansujishuchuzhougengyibeizheduan。yinci，yonghuzaishiyongjiansujishi，duiqishuchuduanzhuangpeishitongxindudebaozhenggengyingshifenzhuyi！  

　　    二、減速機出力太小出現的斷軸問題  

　　    如果不是驅動電機軸斷，而是減速機的輸出軸折斷，除了減速機輸出端裝配同心度不好的原因以外，還會有以下幾點可能的原因。  

　　    shouxian，cuowudexuanxingzhishisuopeijiansujichulibugou。youxieyonghuzaixuanxingshi
，wurenweizhiyaosuoxuanjiansujideedingshuchuniujumanzugongzuoyaoqiujiukeyile
，qishiburan。yishisuopeiqudongdianjiedingshuchuniujuchengshangsubi
，dedaodeshuzhiyuanzeshangyaoxiaoyujiansujichanpinyangbentigongdexiangyingedingshuchuniuju；二er是shi同tong時shi還hai要yao考kao慮lv其qi驅qu動dong電dian機ji的de過guo載zai能neng力li及ji實shi際ji應ying用yong中zhong所suo需xu最zui大da工gong作zuo扭niu矩ju。理li論lun上shang
，用yong戶hu所suo需xu最zui大da工gong作zuo扭niu矩ju一yi定ding要yao小xiao於yu減jian速su機ji額e定ding輸shu出chu扭niu矩ju的de 2 bei。youqishiyouxieyingyongchanghebixuyangezunshouzheyizhunze，zhebujinshiduijiansujineibuchilunhezhouxidebaohu，gengzhuyaodeshibimianjiansujideshuchuzhoubeiniuduan。ruguomeiyoukaolvdaozhexieyinsu
，yidanshebeianzhuangyouwenti，jiansujideshuchuzhoubeifuzaikazhu
，zheshiqudongdianjideguozainengliyiranhuishiqibuduanjiadachuli，zhidaojiansujideshuchuzhousuochengshoudelichaoguoqizuidashuchuniuju，zhoujiuhuiniuduan。ruguojiansujiedingshuchuniujuyouyidingdeyuliang，nameniuduanshuchuzhoudecaogaoqingkuangjiuhuibimian。  

　　    其次，在加速和減速的過程中
，減速機輸出軸所承受瞬間的衝擊扭矩如果超過了其額定輸出扭矩的 2 倍，並且這種加速和減速又過於頻繁，那麼最終也會使減速機斷軸。如果有這種情況出現，應仔細計算考慮加大扭矩裕量。  

　　    三、減速機的正確安裝  

　　    正確的安裝、使(shi)用(yong)和(he)維(wei)護(hu)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)，是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備(bei)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)環(huan)節(jie)。因(yin)此(ci)，在(zai)您(nin)安(an)裝(zhuang)行(xing)星(xing)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)時(shi)，請(qing)務(wu)必(bi)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)下(xia)麵(mian)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)順(shun)序(xu)
，認(ren)真(zhen)地(di)裝(zhuang)配(pei)。  

　　    第一步：安an裝zhuang前qian應ying確que認ren電dian機ji和he減jian速su機ji是shi否fou完wan好hao無wu損sun，並bing且qie嚴yan格ge檢jian查zha驅qu動dong電dian機ji與yu減jian速su機ji相xiang連lian接jie的de各ge部bu位wei尺chi寸cun是shi否fou匹pi配pei。這zhe裏li指zhi的de是shi驅qu動dong電dian機ji法fa蘭lan的de定ding位wei凸tu台tai和he軸zhou徑jing與yu減jian速su機ji法fa蘭lan的de定ding位wei凹ao槽cao和he孔kong徑jing間jian的de尺chi寸cun及ji配pei合he公gong差cha；擦拭處理配合表麵的汙物與毛刺。  

　　    第二步：xuanxiajiansujifalancemiandegongyikongshangdeluodu，xuandongjiansujideshuruduan
，shibaojinneiliujiaoluodingmaoyugongyikongduiqi，charuneiliujiaogongjuxuansongbaojinneiliujiaoluoding。  

　　    第三步：手shou持chi驅qu動dong電dian機ji

，使shi其qi軸zhou上shang之zhi鍵jian槽cao與yu減jian速su機ji輸shu入ru端duan孔kong抱bao緊jin螺luo釘ding垂chui直zhi，將jiang驅qu動dong電dian機ji軸zhou插cha入ru減jian速su機ji輸shu入ru端duan孔kong。插cha入ru時shi必bi須xu保bao證zheng兩liang者zhe同tong心xin度du一yi致zhi和he二er側ce法fa蘭lan平ping行xing。如ru同tong心xin度du不bu一yi致zhi或huo二er側ce法fa蘭lan不bu平ping行xing必bi須xu查zha明ming原yuan因yin。另ling外wai，在zai安an裝zhuang時shi
，嚴yan禁jin用yong錘chui擊ji
，即ji可ke以yi防fang止zhi錘chui擊ji的de軸zhou向xiang力li或huo徑jing向xiang力li過guo大da損sun壞huai兩liang者zhe軸zhou承cheng，又you可ke以yi通tong過guo裝zhuang配pei手shou感gan來lai判pan斷duan兩liang者zhe配pei合he是shi否fou合he適shi。判pan斷duan兩liang者zhe配pei合he同tong心xin度du和he法fa蘭lan平ping行xing的de方fang法fa為wei：兩者相互插入後，兩者法蘭基本貼緊，縫隙一致。  

　　    第四步：為保證兩者法蘭連接受力均勻，先將驅動電機緊固螺釘任意旋上，但不要旋緊；然後按對角位置逐漸旋緊四個緊固螺釘

；最後旋緊減速機輸入端孔抱緊螺釘。一定要先旋緊驅動電機緊固螺釘後再旋緊減速機輸入端孔抱緊螺釘。  

　　    注意：jiansujiyujixieshebeijiandezhengqueanzhuangleitongyujiansujiyuqudongdianjijiandezhengqueanzhuang。guanjianshiyaobixubaozhengjiansujishuchuzhouyusuoqudongbufenshuruzhoutongxindudeyizhi。  

　　    四
、結論  

　　    隨(sui)著(zhe)控(kong)製(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)不(bu)斷(duan)深(shen)入(ru)發(fa)展(zhan)，行(xing)星(xing)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)在(zai)運(yun)動(dong)控(kong)製(zhi)傳(chuan)動(dong)領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)也(ye)會(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)。希(xi)望(wang)您(nin)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)之(zhi)前(qian)確(que)保(bao)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)行(xing)星(xing)減(jian)速(su)機(ji)
，為(wei)您(nin)的(de)設(she)備(bei)帶(dai)來(lai)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)與(yu)安(an)全(quan)上(shang)的(de)保(bao)障(zhang)！