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- 1 漿紗伸長與張力控製
漿jiang紗sha工gong藝yi和he生sheng產chan要yao求qiu整zheng個ge上shang漿jiang過guo程cheng中zhong各ge工gong藝yi區qu段duan伸shen長chang和he張zhang力li是shi不bu同tong，大da體ti分fen為wei五wu大da部bu分fen，即ji退tui卷juan張zhang力li，喂wei入ru伸shen長chang，濕shi區qu伸shen長chang，幹gan區qu張zhang力li或huo伸shen長chang，卷juan繞rao張zhang力li。它ta們men控kong製zhi方fang式shi各ge有you不bu同tong，但dan共gong性xing是shi各ge部bu分fen均jun有you一yi台tai驅qu動dong電dian機ji，即ji織zhi軸zhou電dian機ji，拖tuo引yin輥gun電dian機ji，烘hong筒tong電dian機ji，上shang漿jiang輥gun電dian機ji，引yin紗sha輥gun電dian機ji，控kong製zhi各ge電dian機ji輸shu出chu以yi達da到dao控kong製zhi各ge段duan伸shen長chang和he張zhang力li目mu，下xia麵mian從cong卷juan繞rao張zhang力li和he其qi餘yu各ge段duan伸shen長chang與yu張zhang力li分fen別bie作zuo分fen析xi。
1．1 各段伸長與張力控製
1．1．1 以伸長控製電機速度
原理為各段伸長閉環控製各段電機轉速，伸長率：(V1一V2：)／V2×100％，總伸長(D1，D2)為(wei)漿(jiang)槽(cao)引(yin)紗(sha)輥(gun)與(yu)車(che)頭(tou)拖(tuo)引(yin)輥(gun)相(xiang)比(bi)較(jiao)。操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)屏(ping)幕(mu)上(shang)設(she)定(ding)各(ge)段(duan)伸(shen)長(chang)百(bai)分(fen)數(shu)，機(ji)器(qi)啟(qi)動(dong)和(he)運(yun)轉(zhuan)均(jun)按(an)設(she)定(ding)參(can)數(shu)進(jin)行(xing)，達(da)到(dao)控(kong)製(zhi)全(quan)機(ji)漿(jiang)紗(sha)伸(shen)長(chang)目(mu)。但(dan)實(shi)際(ji)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)，發(fa)現(xian)種(zhong)種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)，機(ji)器(qi)低(di)速(su)(0．5 m／min)和高速(80 m／min)運yun行xing時shi紗sha線xian鬆song緊jin不bu一yi致zhi，機ji器qi低di速su時shi紗sha線xian張zhang力li小xiao，高gao速su時shi紗sha線xian張zhang力li大da，設she定ding低di伸shen長chang狀zhuang況kuang下xia造zao成cheng低di速su運yun行xing時shi紗sha線xian鬆song而er無wu法fa運yun行xing，把ba伸shen長chang加jia大da，保bao證zheng低di速su運yun行xing正zheng常chang，則ze會hui造zao成cheng高gao速su時shi張zhang力li和he伸shen長chang過guo大da，不bu能neng滿man足zu工gong藝yi要yao求qiu。針zhen對dui實shi際ji狀zhuang況kuang，防fang止zhi上shang述shu情qing況kuang發fa生sheng又you能neng滿man足zu工gong藝yi要yao求qiu，軟ruan件jian上shang進jin行xing修xiu改gai，低di速su、中速、正常運行速度分三段加上不同伸長係數，以保證機器不同速度下均能正常運行，低速中速段乘以大於1係數，高速段乘以1，中低速為不正常速度，一般為處理故障時使用，生產中，實際伸長率為設定伸長率，故能滿足工藝要求。
1．1．2 以張力控製電機速度
漿jiang紗sha張zhang力li與yu伸shen長chang率lv成cheng正zheng比bi例li關guan係xi，是shi控kong製zhi伸shen長chang率lv主zhu要yao因yin素su，張zhang力li又you直zhi接jie影ying響xiang到dao漿jiang紗sha過guo程cheng正zheng常chang運yun行xing，是shi主zhu要yao工gong藝yi條tiao件jian，合he理li調tiao節jie張zhang力li能neng有you效xiao控kong製zhi伸shen長chang，采cai用yong張zhang力li和he速su度du合he理li配pei合he，就jiu更geng能neng保bao證zheng漿jiang紗sha過guo程cheng順shun利li進jin行xing。各ge段duan伸shen長chang所suo需xu張zhang力li閉bi環huan控kong製zhi各ge段duan電dian機ji輸shu出chu，操cao作zuo時shi屏ping幕mu上shang設she定ding各ge段duan伸shen長chang率lv即ji各ge段duan張zhang力li。此ci功gong能neng是shi靠kao先xian進jin同tong步bu技ji術shu，無wu需xu張zhang力li輥gun檢jian測ce，依yi靠kao電dian機ji特te殊shu功gong能neng完wan成cheng，滿man足zu設she備bei低di速su或huo高gao速su時shi保bao證zheng相xiang同tong張zhang力li，達da到dao伸shen長chang一yi致zhi。該gai控kong製zhi優you點dian是shi，漿jiang紗sha各ge段duan張zhang力li均jun不bu隨sui速su度du變bian化hua，保bao證zheng各ge段duan伸shen長chang不bu同tong速su度du下xia伸shen長chang一yi致zhi。
1．2 卷繞張力控製
漿紗工藝中，卷繞張力大小、均勻與否直接影響織機效率。傳統卷繞方式如：無級變速器，磁粉+無級變速器，電氣反饋+無級變速器等，實際使用過程中，硬件關係，故障率較高，造成設備運行穩定性差。電氣技術不斷提高，尤其是交流變頻、同tong步bu伺si服fu等deng技ji術shu卷juan繞rao功gong能neng中zhong標biao準zhun化hua和he通tong用yong化hua，目mu前qian由you計ji算suan機ji控kong製zhi漿jiang紗sha機ji均jun采cai用yong分fen單dan元yuan同tong步bu卷juan繞rao方fang式shi。漿jiang紗sha機ji自zi從cong采cai用yong了le這zhe種zhong方fang式shi後hou，更geng能neng適shi應ying各ge種zhong織zhi機ji生sheng產chan性xing能neng，其qi調tiao節jie方fang便bian，故gu障zhang率lv低di，深shen受shou用yong戶hu好hao評ping。
1．2．1 有張力輥控製卷繞方式
其原理為，首先設定織軸初始卷徑，張力氣缸通入一定壓縮空氣，形成張力係統，機器任意速度下運轉時(速度設定)，zhizhouzhijingzengda，pianzhuandianweiqipianlipinghengdian，shuchusudubianliang，jisuanjijisuan，shibianpinqikongzhidianjiyixinzhuansuyunzhuan，tongshipianzhuandianweiqifuweizhipinghengdian，juanraodianjizhuangyouxuanzhuanbianmaqi，zheyangjiukeyizuodaoduijuanraodianjisudugenzong，shijuanraodianjiyoujiaoyingjixietiaosutexing，dadaohengzhanglijuanrao。tongshi，dianjizhuansuyujuanraosuduxiangbijiao，jisuanchudangshijuanraozhijing，juanraozhanglidaxiaoyouzhangligunqigangneiqiyadaxiaojueding。zhangligunzishenzhongliang，yijizhuangpeishigelianjiejianzuli，yaoxingchengzhanglixitongshizhangligunhuizhuanlinghuo，bixushizhangliqigangneitongruyidingqiya，qiyawei0．15 MPa一0．2MPa，這樣張力係統張力有可能達到2000N左右。卷繞張力低於2000N織(zhi)物(wu)品(pin)種(zhong)，就(jiu)不(bu)適(shi)於(yu)使(shi)用(yong)該(gai)係(xi)統(tong)卷(juan)繞(rao)方(fang)式(shi)，設(she)計(ji)該(gai)係(xi)統(tong)時(shi)，要(yao)達(da)到(dao)形(xing)成(cheng)張(zhang)力(li)係(xi)統(tong)時(shi)，張(zhang)力(li)氣(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)初(chu)始(shi)壓(ya)力(li)越(yue)低(di)越(yue)好(hao)，初(chu)始(shi)壓(ya)力(li)形(xing)成(cheng)張(zhang)力(li)與(yu)張(zhang)力(li)輥(gun)阻(zu)力(li)相(xiang)平(ping)衡(heng)，這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)能(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)各(ge)種(zhong)張(zhang)力(li)織(zhi)物(wu)卷(juan)繞(rao)。
1．2．2 無張力輥控製卷繞方式
其qi原yuan理li為wei，首shou先xian設she定ding卷juan繞rao張zhang力li大da小xiao，然ran後hou按an動dong張zhang力li按an鈕niu使shi織zhi軸zhou單dan獨du運yun轉zhuan，當dang紗sha線xian緊jin到dao所suo設she定ding卷juan繞rao張zhang力li後hou織zhi軸zhou自zi動dong停ting轉zhuan，張zhang力li係xi統tong建jian立li，然ran後hou開kai車che(速度設定)，zhizhouzhijingbuduanzengda，zhizhoudianjixiangtongchesuxiashuchuhengdinggonglvjidijianzhuansu，dadaojuanraozhanglihengding，chesushenggaohuojiangdishi，zhizhoudianjishuchugonglvchengbilizengdahuojianxiao，rengnengbaozhenghengzhanglijuanrao。cichuxuanyongzhizhoudianjihekongzhixitongweizhuanyongjuanraoxitong，keduishuchuzhuanjujinxingfankui，yibaochijuanraozhanglishizhongbaochichushishedingzhi。gaixitongjuanraozhanglidaxiaowanquanyikaoshedinglaikongzhizhizhoudianjishuchugonglvdaxiao。zhezhongkongzhifangshibushouzuixiaozhanglixianzhi，nengshiyingjuanraozhanglibijiaoxiaoqingkuang，jixiejiegoubijiaojiandan，shijiangshazhizhoujuanraozuijiafangan。
2 伸長與張力控製理論漿紗機上應用
以上控製理論提出為漿紗伸長和張力控製提供了良好實現方式，該公司生產AS-GA369型(xing)多(duo)單(dan)元(yuan)傳(chuan)動(dong)漿(jiang)紗(sha)機(ji)遵(zun)循(xun)這(zhe)一(yi)控(kong)製(zhi)理(li)念(nian)，織(zhi)軸(zhou)卷(juan)繞(rao)工(gong)藝(yi)區(qu)段(duan)采(cai)用(yong)力(li)矩(ju)控(kong)製(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)，其(qi)他(ta)工(gong)藝(yi)區(qu)段(duan)以(yi)伸(shen)長(chang)控(kong)製(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)速(su)度(du)，很(hen)好(hao)解(jie)決(jue)了(le)漿(jiang)紗(sha)工(gong)序(xu)中(zhong)對(dui)經(jing)紗(sha)各(ge)工(gong)藝(yi)區(qu)段(duan)伸(shen)長(chang)與(yu)張(zhang)力(li)控(kong)製(zhi)。可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)各(ge)工(gong)藝(yi)區(qu)段(duan)伸(shen)長(chang)率(lv)、張力隨機設定和控製。
2．1 多單元異步伺服傳動係統
該機型采用了廣州博瑋伺服科技公司BWS品牌BBG伺服驅動器+數控主軸伺服電機和西門子專用卷繞軟件。織軸采用一台BH型主軸伺服電機，拖引輥、烘筒、上漿輥、引紗輥各采用一台BH型異步伺服電機。
卷繞成形是漿紗生產中一道重要工序，采用了BH型xing主zhu軸zhou伺si服fu電dian機ji後hou能neng達da到dao恒heng張zhang力li卷juan繞rao，同tong時shi還hai能neng實shi現xian變bian張zhang力li卷juan繞rao，做zuo到dao織zhi物wu卷juan繞rao內nei緊jin外wai鬆song，卷juan繞rao過guo程cheng中zhong無wu張zhang力li輥gun調tiao整zheng，卷juan繞rao張zhang力li調tiao節jie範fan圍wei廣guang，適shi應ying小xiao張zhang力li卷juan繞rao。
采用多單元同步調速係統，設備機械機構大為簡化，伺服電機為BWS品牌和減速機均為NEWSTARTchanpin，shebeikekaoxingdaweitigao，shebeiyunzhuangengjiapingwen。caiyonglegaojingdutongbusifuxitonghou，geshenchangqutiaojielingmindugao，jingquedugao，tiaozhengfangbian。sifuxitongteshugongneng，baozhenglejiqidisuhegaosuzhuangtaixia，shenchangyizhi、調整範圍廣。
2．2 計算機監控係統
ASGA369xingduodanyuanchuandongjiangshajicaiyongleximenzigongsitigongjisuanjijizhongjiankongxitong，shujuzongxianbakebianchengxukongzhiqiyujisuanjijisifuxitongjieheyiqi，zuchenglegaojingdukongzhixitong，shujutongxunkuaijie，kangganraonengliqiang，kongzhishixianxinghao，gezhonggongyicanshujunkeyuxiansheding，yingxiangjiangshazhiliangheweidadaoshedinggexianggongyicanshu，shixingjisuanjizidongxianjiance，bingtiaozhengzhizuijiazhuangtai。
計ji算suan機ji中zhong可ke存cun貯zhu上shang百bai種zhong實shi踐jian驗yan證zheng和he優you選xuan上shang漿jiang工gong藝yi。今jin後hou生sheng產chan同tong類lei品pin種zhong時shi，隻zhi需xu調tiao出chu即ji可ke獲huo同tong等deng質zhi量liang標biao準zhun，使shi用yong極ji為wei方fang便bian，極ji大da程cheng度du防fang止zhi了le人ren為wei因yin素su對dui上shang漿jiang工gong藝yi控kong製zhi隨sui意yi性xing。
漿jiang紗sha伸shen長chang率lv直zhi接jie關guan係xi到dao漿jiang紗sha減jian伸shen率lv，反fan映ying經jing紗sha彈dan性xing情qing況kuang，對dui經jing紗sha織zhi造zao性xing能neng至zhi關guan重zhong要yao，是shi漿jiang紗sha主zhu要yao參can數shu之zhi一yi，應ying該gai嚴yan格ge控kong製zhi。影ying響xiang伸shen長chang率lv因yin素su較jiao多duo，正zheng確que分fen析xi、研究各區段伸長與張力關係才能有效控製調整，以保證上漿工藝要求。
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