編者語：xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，tigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。benwenjieshaogongkongzhujixunihuajishudetedian，xiangxijieshaoleruhejiangxunihuajishuyingyongyugongkongji。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong
，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing
，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong
，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPU帶dai有you特te別bie優you化hua過guo的de指zhi令ling集ji來lai控kong製zhi虛xu擬ni過guo程cheng，通tong過guo特te殊shu的de指zhi令ling集ji
，虛xu擬ni機ji會hui很hen容rong易yi提ti高gao性xing能neng
，虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke提ti供gong基ji於yu芯xin片pian的de功gong能neng，借jie助zhu兼jian容rongVMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou
，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing
，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan

，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotion等deng高gao級ji功gong能neng特te性xing
，因yin而er在zai它ta創chuang建jian的de環huan境jing中zhong，遇yu到dao停ting機ji時shi最zui多duo不bu過guo就jiu是shi簡jian單dan的de重zhong新xin啟qi動dong而er已yi。對dui於yu防fang止zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu或huo硬ying件jian發fa生sheng故gu障zhang的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an來lai說shuo，工gong控kong主zhu機jiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi
，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong
，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian
，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao
，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調(tiao)查(zha)統(tong)計(ji)發(fa)現(xian)
，百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)八(ba)十(shi)以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)事(shi)故(gu)都(dou)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)造(zao)成(cheng)
，影(ying)響(xiang)係(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)磁(ci)幹(gan)擾(rao)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)因(yin)素(su)，如(ru)何(he)保(bao)證(zheng)主(zhu)機(ji)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)成(cheng)為(wei)防(fang)範(fan)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)
，工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)部(bu)署(shu)的(de)是(shi)裸(luo)金(jin)屬(shu)架(jia)構(gou)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)版(ban)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)架(jia)構(gou)，之(zhi)上(shang)再(zai)部(bu)署(shu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)
，通(tong)過(guo)翻(fan)譯(yi)對(dui)接(jie)確(que)保(bao)底(di)層(ceng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用

，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou
，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong
，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji
，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之
，虛擬機總在被創建、使(shi)用(yong)，然(ran)後(hou)進(jin)行(xing)再(zai)分(fen)配(pei)或(huo)刪(shan)除(chu)。這(zhe)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)。不(bu)過(guo)
，在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)高(gao)度(du)動(dong)態(tai)化(hua)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，必(bi)須(xu)確(que)保(bao)以(yi)與(yu)虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)簡(jian)化(hua)方(fang)式(shi)來(lai)提(ti)供(gong)和(he)再(zai)分(fen)配(pei)存(cun)儲(chu)容(rong)量(liang)。存(cun)儲(chu)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)實(shi)現(xian)這(zhe)種(zhong)靈(ling)活(huo)性(xing)。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei
，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji
，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang ，唯(wei)一(yi)需(xu)要(yao)安(an)裝(zhuang)備(bei)份(fen)軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)就(jiu)是(shi)備(bei)份(fen)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)了(le)。在(zai)處(chu)理(li)數(shu)百(bai)個(ge)虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)時(shi)
，這(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)大(da)幅(fu)降(jiang)低(di)備(bei)份(fen)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)
，通(tong)過(guo)快(kuai)照(zhao)功(gong)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。