http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-25 10:56:55 來源:網絡
jiqirentouzitongchangcongjiwandaobaiwanmeiyuan,zaidiyishijianzuochuzhengquedexuanzebingqiebimianchangjiandecuowushifeichangzhongyaode,yinweicuowujiangdaozhibubiyaodekaizhihuozherenwudeyanqi。weilebangzhugongchengshiheshejirenyuanbimianzuiyanzhongdecuowu,wenzhongliechulejiqirenyingyongxuyaobimiandeshidawuqu。
誤區一:低估了有效負荷和慣性
jiqirenyingyongdewuqu,paizaidiyiweideshidiguleyouxiaofuheheguanxingxuqiu。tongchangdaduoshiyouyuzaijisuanfuheshimeiyoubaokuojixiebimoduansuozhuanggongjudezhongliangdaozhide。qicizaochengzhegecuowudeyuanyoushidiguhuozhehulvelepianxinfuhechanshengdeguanxingli。
guanxingliyoukenengzaochengjiqirenzhoudechaofuhe。zaijiqirenzhong,xuanzhuanzhoudechaofuheshihenchangjiande。zhegewentibujiuzhengyehuiduijiqirenzaochengshanghai,jianshaofuhehuozhejianxiaosuducanshukeyiyingduizhezhongqingkuang。danshi,jianxiaosudujianghuizengjiazhouqishijian,zuoweitouzihuibao,jianshaoyibufendezhouqizaizhibanjiqirenfangmianshipaizaishouweide。zheyeshiweishenmefuhexiangguanyaosucongyikaishijiushoudaozhongshideyuanyou。
有(you)效(xiao)負(fu)荷(he)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao),普(pu)通(tong)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)技(ji)術(shu)參(can)數(shu)給(gei)出(chu)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)信(xin)息(xi),都(dou)有(you)細(xi)致(zhi)的(de)說(shuo)明(ming),額(e)定(ding)負(fu)載(zai)是(shi)在(zai)額(e)定(ding)速(su)度(du)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)才(cai)是(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de),抵(di)達(da)最(zui)大(da)負(fu)載(zai)的(de)其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)條(tiao)件(jian)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)降(jiang)低(di)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)運(yun)轉(zhuan)速(su)度(du),另(ling)外(wai),過(guo)大(da)負(fu)載(zai)也(ye)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)破(po)壞(huai)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)精(jing)度(du)。
誤區二:試圖讓機器人做過多事情
有you時shi,設she計ji者zhe要yao機ji器qi人ren承cheng擔dan過guo多duo的de工gong作zuo導dao致zhi機ji器qi人ren單dan元yuan太tai過guo複fu雜za。這zhe一yi旦dan產chan生sheng就jiu很hen難nan確que定ding正zheng確que的de周zhou期qi時shi間jian,或huo者zhe給gei處chu置zhi方fang案an帶dai來lai困kun難nan,將jiang因yin處chu置zhi器qi速su度du限xian製zhi而er產chan生sheng大da量liang困kun難nan。而er且qie這zhe種zhong錯cuo誤wu常chang常chang被bei放fang大da,非fei計ji劃hua的de停ting產chan將jiang會hui導dao致zhi龐pang大da的de損sun失shi。
另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)就(jiu)是(shi)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)運(yun)用(yong)超(chao)出(chu)了(le)原(yuan)設(she)計(ji)的(de)能(neng)力(li)。當(dang)增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)在(zai)仿(fang)真(zhen)之(zhi)後(hou)才(cai)增(zeng)加(jia)的(de),這(zhe)時(shi)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)呈(cheng)現(xian)令(ling)人(ren)失(shi)望(wang)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)推(tui)進(jin)計(ji)劃(hua)之(zhi)前(qian)沒(mei)有(you)做(zuo)新(xin)的(de)仿(fang)真(zhen),那(na)麼(me)規(gui)則(ze)的(de)循(xun)環(huan)周(zhou)期(qi)就(jiu)可(ke)能(neng)達(da)不(bu)到(dao)。因(yin)此(ci)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)循(xun)環(huan)周(zhou)期(qi)在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei),那(na)麼(me)超(chao)出(chu)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)能(neng)力(li)的(de)事(shi)情(qing)就(jiu)得(de)十(shi)分(fen)留(liu)意(yi)。
在使用機器人之前,一定要經過模擬仿真,按照設計要求,肯定機器人應用的行程負載,還有周期時間。
誤區三:低估了電纜的管理問題
zhengrukanqilaihenjiandan,yekenengyouyukanqilaiguoyujiandan,suoyidianlanguanlijingchangchaofuhe。danshi,youhuadaojixiebimoduansuozhuanggongjudedianlanhuowaiweishebeidetujing,duiyujiqirenshebeideyundonglaishuoshifeichangzhongyaode。queshaoduiqianzaiwentideguliangjiangdaozhijiqirenweibimiandianlanjiuchanheshouyaerchanshengqitadongzuo。bingqie,jiadingbuyunyongdongtaidianlanhuozhejianshaodianlandeyalikenenghuidaozhidianxiandesunhuaihetingji。
目前運用的機器人末端執行器(end-effector),一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)氣(qi)體(ti)驅(qu)動(dong)或(huo)電(dian)器(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)的(de),不(bu)可(ke)避(bi)免(mian)會(hui)有(you)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)氣(qi)管(guan)或(huo)電(dian)纜(lan)銜(xian)接(jie)。大(da)部(bu)分(fen)工(gong)業(ye)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)氣(qi)路(lu)和(he)電(dian)器(qi)回(hui)路(lu)是(shi)走(zou)外(wai)麵(mian)的(de),所(suo)以(yi)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)運(yun)動(dong)控(kong)製(zhi)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)要(yao)留(liu)意(yi);也有一部的工業機器人的氣路和電氣回路是內置的,這就方便了,隻需考慮手臂與末端執行器的相對運動就可以。
誤區四:在選擇機器人之前應考慮的問題
經過對每個場景應用的考慮,當係統安裝以後,就可以確定應用是否是你需要的,以及避免由於可能呈現的錯誤而構成的嚴重超負荷。
還(hai)有(you)就(jiu)是(shi)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)行(xing)程(cheng)也(ye)是(shi)要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)之(zhi)一(yi)。行(xing)程(cheng)確(que)定(ding)不(bu)能(neng)隻(zhi)按(an)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)技(ji)術(shu)參(can)數(shu)的(de)行(xing)程(cheng)來(lai)確(que)定(ding)能(neng)否(fou)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到(dao)要(yao)求(qiu),應(ying)該(gai)考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)末(mo)端(duan)執(zhi)行(xing)器(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)後(hou)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)運(yun)動(dong)軌(gui)跡(ji)能(neng)否(fou)抵(di)達(da)行(xing)程(cheng)所(suo)需(xu)。這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)要(yao)中(zhong)止(zhi)模(mo)擬(ni)仿(fang)真(zhen)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)緣(yuan)由(you)之(zhi)一(yi)。
不bu同tong的de環huan境jing,會hui有you定ding製zhi的de工gong業ye機ji器qi人ren,比bi如ru噴pen塗tu行xing業ye需xu求qiu的de是shi有you防fang爆bao能neng力li的de工gong業ye機ji器qi人ren,這zhe與yu標biao準zhun的de機ji器qi人ren就jiu有you所suo不bu同tong,還hai有you潔jie淨jing室shi的de運yun用yong等deng等deng。還hai有you機ji器qi人ren的de可ke靠kao性xing與yu其qi缺que陷xian率lv,消xiao耗hao的de電dian力li等deng等deng都dou是shi選xuan用yong時shi候hou必bi需xu考kao慮lv的de問wen題ti。
誤區五:對精確性和可重複性的誤解
一(yi)台(tai)精(jing)確(que)的(de)機(ji)器(qi)是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)重(zhong)複(fu)的(de),但(dan)一(yi)個(ge)可(ke)重(zhong)複(fu)性(xing)的(de)機(ji)器(qi)不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)具(ju)有(you)精(jing)確(que)性(xing)。可(ke)重(zhong)複(fu)性(xing)是(shi)指(zhi)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)依(yi)照(zhao)規(gui)則(ze)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)路(lu)徑(jing),在(zai)既(ji)定(ding)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)中(zhong)精(jing)確(que)往(wang)複(fu)來(lai)表(biao)現(xian)的(de)。
jingquexingshiyizhaogongzuotujingjingquediyidongdaoyigejingguojisuandedianlaibiaoxiande。banyundongzuozhongjiqirenjingguojisuanyidongdaoyixiejidingdiandeweizhi,yunyongdeshijiqirendejingquexingneng。jingquexingyujixienaishouduyijijiqirenshoubidejingqueduyouzhijiedeguanxi。
精(jing)確(que)性(xing)與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)手(shou)臂(bi)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)精(jing)度(du)有(you)著(zhe)極(ji)大(da)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),精(jing)度(du)越(yue)高(gao),才(cai)能(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)有(you)精(jing)確(que)的(de)高(gao)速(su)度(du),機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)精(jing)度(du)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)結(jie)構(gou)。
誤區六:選擇機器人係統隻依賴於控製係統的優劣
大da多duo數shu機ji器qi人ren製zhi造zao商shang考kao慮lv更geng多duo的de可ke能neng是shi機ji器qi人ren的de控kong製zhi器qi而er不bu是shi機ji械xie性xing能neng。但dan是shi假jia定ding一yi旦dan配pei置zhi了le機ji器qi人ren,正zheng常chang運yun轉zhuan時shi間jian就jiu主zhu要yao依yi賴lai於yu機ji械xie的de耐nai用yong性xing。機ji器qi人ren性xing能neng差cha,很hen可ke能neng不bu是shi由you於yu控kong製zhi器qi和he電dian子zi設she備bei差cha構gou成cheng的de,而er是shi由you於yu機ji械xie性xing能neng不bu好hao構gou成cheng的de。
tongchangxuanzeyigejiqirenxitongshijiyuyunyongzheduikongzhiqiheruanjiandezhixiao。jiadingzaizhefangmianjiqirentongshiyouyouhenchusedejixiexingneng,namezhejiangshiyigefeichangjuyoujingzhenglideyoushi。xiangfan,jiadingjiqirenzaianzhuangyihouxuyaobushidizhongzhijinxingweixiu,nameshengshiyoushijiangbeixiaohaodiao。
機械部分是首先保證工業機器人性能的關鍵,精度、速(su)度(du)和(he)耐(nai)用(yong)度(du),都(dou)與(yu)機(ji)械(xie)部(bu)分(fen)有(you)著(zhe)極(ji)大(da)地(di)關(guan)係(xi)。機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)比(bi)較(jiao)簡(jian)單(dan),一(yi)般(ban)就(jiu)是(shi)馬(ma)達(da)與(yu)減(jian)速(su)器(qi),假(jia)如(ru)選(xuan)用(yong)的(de)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)經(jing)常(chang)需(xu)要(yao)維(wei)修(xiu)減(jian)速(su)器(qi)部(bu)分(fen),或(huo)其(qi)他(ta)機(ji)械(xie)結(jie)構(gou),那(na)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)費(fei)事(shi)的(de)。
誤區七:缺乏正確的機器人知識儲備
機ji器qi人ren的de製zhi造zao商shang和he係xi統tong集ji成cheng商shang設she計ji一yi個ge機ji器qi人ren單dan元yuan通tong常chang都dou隻zhi是shi為wei一yi種zhong應ying用yong,但dan如ru果guo用yong戶hu沒mei有you儲chu備bei機ji器qi人ren方fang麵mian的de知zhi識shi,就jiu有you可ke能neng會hui麵mian臨lin失shi敗bai。任ren何he設she備bei的de使shi用yong時shi間jian是shi與yu用yong戶hu如ru何he使shi用yong、維(wei)護(hu)設(she)備(bei)緊(jin)密(mi)關(guan)聯(lian)的(de)。一(yi)些(xie)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)用(yong)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)用(yong)戶(hu)拒(ju)絕(jue)培(pei)訓(xun)並(bing)不(bu)少(shao)見(jian)。機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)能(neng)堅(jian)持(chi)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)至(zhi)關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)是(shi)充(chong)分(fen)了(le)解(jie)機(ji)器(qi)人(ren)的(de)能(neng)力(li)並(bing)在(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)最(zui)佳(jia)運(yun)用(yong)。
gongyejiqirenshihenteshudeshebei,qicaozuofuzachengdusihaobuyayuyitaishukongjichuang。tongyangde,yunyongjiqirenxuyaoshuxijibendegongyejiqirendeanquancaozuoxuewen,fouzeduishebeiduirendoushifeichangbuanquande。jiqirendeshiyongzhe,yidingyaocanjiazhizaoshangxitongdeanquancaozuopeixunhou,caiyunxushanggangcaozuo。
誤區八:忽視了機器人應用的相關設備
示教器、通tong訊xun電dian纜lan以yi及ji一yi些xie特te殊shu的de軟ruan件jian通tong常chang都dou是shi必bi需xu的de,但dan是shi在zai最zui初chu的de訂ding購gou中zhong很hen容rong易yi被bei遺yi忘wang。這zhe將jiang導dao致zhi整zheng個ge生sheng產chan計ji劃hua的de耽dan擱ge和he超chao預yu算suan。選xuan擇ze機ji器qi人ren相xiang關guan設she備bei時shi,要yao考kao慮lv自zi己ji的de綜zong合he需xu求qiu。有you種zhong很hen常chang見jian的de情qing況kuang就jiu是shi,顧gu客ke有you時shi為wei了le省sheng錢qian而er沒mei有you將jiang一yi些xie關guan鍵jian設she備bei和he機ji器qi人ren整zheng合he在zai一yi起qi,比bi如ru項xiang目mu需xu要yao配pei置zhi的de相xiang關guan設she備bei、軟件等。采購過程中,要按照項目的要求來考慮訂購的相關產品。
誤區九:過高或過低估量機器人控製係統
過guo低di地di估gu量liang機ji器qi人ren控kong製zhi係xi統tong能neng力li將jiang產chan生sheng係xi統tong重zhong複fu投tou資zi和he超chao預yu算suan的de費fei用yong。在zai安an全quan電dian路lu上shang采cai用yong雙shuang重zhong備bei份fen非fei常chang的de普pu遍bian。而er過guo高gao的de估gu量liang控kong製zhi係xi統tong能neng力li將jiang會hui產chan生sheng額e外wai設she備bei本ben錢qian、返工以及誤工費用等,嚐試控製太多的I/O端口和增加伺服係統是一個常見的誤區。
安全控製是一個非常重要的問題,在考慮安全的同時,也要盡量優化應用的安全邏輯信號,程序中的重複是不必要的。
誤區十:根本就沒有考慮到運用機器人技術
遇到資金的限製、quefaduijiqirenjishudelejieheguoquzaishiyongjiqirenfangmianyouguoshibaidechangshishihenduorenyuanlijiqirenjishudeliyou。danshiweilezaishichangdezuizhongjingzhengzhonghuosheng,xuyaojiuzhengzhezhongwuqu,jiqirenjishudeshiyongzaihenduoqingkuangxianengtigaoxiaolv,jieyueshijian。youqishiduiyujiandandecaozuo、重複工作是能夠利用機器人技術來提高生產效率的。在生產中的使用機器人,可以保證產品的良品率。
隨著機器人第七軸的出現,與機器人更好地配合應用,使機器人利用空間更大化,應用場景更多,所以機器人代替人工是遲早的事。