http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-25 07:34:36 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
dangdeershidabaogaotichu,gaozhiliangfazhanshiquanmianjiansheshehuizhuyixiandaihuaguojiadeshouyaorenwu。zhizaoyegaozhiliangfazhanshiwoguojingjigaozhiliangfazhandezhongzhongzhizhong,xuyaoshunyingfazhanjieduan、發展條件和發展格局變化,以高端化、智能化、綠色化為方向,加快結構體係升級、技術路徑創新、發展模式優化,把製造業的短板補齊、長板鍛長,促進製造業實現質的有效提升和量的合理增長。
經過改革開放40多年的快速發展,我國製造業在規模體量、結構體係、技術水平、分工合作等方麵發生深刻變化、qudexianzhuchengxiao,zhizaoyeyoudadaoqiangdejichugengjiajianshi。tongshiyaokandao,woguozhizaoyegaozhiliangfazhanhaimianlinzheyixiliezhongdianrenwu,baochizhizaoyechixuzengchangxuyaotuijinxinjiudongnengzhuanhuan,shixianchanyezhuanxingshengjijidaitupoduanbanpingjingzhiyue,changtongjingjixunhuanshangxuyouhuachanyelianfengongbuju。jutilaikan,zhizaoyegaozhiliangfazhanzhongdewentizhuyaotixianzaiyixiafangmian。
一是製造業門類齊全體係完備但高精尖環節短板突出。放眼全世界,我國製造業規模體量之龐大、產業體係之完備,少有國家可以比擬。2022年,我國製造業增加值為33.5萬億元,占全球比重近30%。zhizaoyeyeyincichengweiwoguoguominjingjidezhongyaozhizhuhecanyuquanqiuchanyefengongxiezuodezhuti。danshi,yaoshixianzhizaodaguoxiangzhizaoqiangguodezhuanbian,guanjianzaiyunengfoutishengchanyejiegougaoduanhuashuiping,nengfouzaiyingxiangquanqiuchanyefengongdezhongyaochanye、關(guan)鍵(jian)環(huan)節(jie)占(zhan)據(ju)核(he)心(xin)地(di)位(wei)。相(xiang)比(bi)世(shi)界(jie)製(zhi)造(zao)強(qiang)國(guo),我(wo)國(guo)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)整(zheng)體(ti)上(shang)仍(reng)處(chu)於(yu)國(guo)際(ji)分(fen)工(gong)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)中(zhong)低(di)端(duan)環(huan)節(jie),產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)中(zhong)高(gao)精(jing)尖(jian)產(chan)業(ye)占(zhan)比(bi)較(jiao)低(di),產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)中(zhong)高(gao)附(fu)加(jia)值(zhi)環(huan)節(jie)發(fa)展(zhan)滯(zhi)後(hou),這(zhe)些(xie)成(cheng)為(wei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)攻(gong)堅(jian)突(tu)破(po)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)方(fang)向(xiang)。
ershizhizaoyejingzhengyoushimingxiandanxiaolvxiaoyishuipingrengxutisheng。woguozhizaoyeqichupingjielaodonglidengchengbenyoushi,zaifazhanjileizhongzhujianxingchengleqiangdadeshengchanxiaolvyoushihezhiliangpinzhiyoushi,zhizaoyechanpinzhilianghegelvduonianlaiwendingzai93%以上的較高水平,質量競爭力持續躍升。但是,隨著人口數量紅利逐漸減弱、土地供給趨於緊張、環(huan)保(bao)力(li)度(du)不(bu)斷(duan)加(jia)大(da)等(deng),製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)綜(zong)合(he)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben)剛(gang)性(xing)上(shang)升(sheng),長(chang)期(qi)支(zhi)撐(cheng)產(chan)業(ye)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)優(you)勢(shi)有(you)所(suo)減(jian)弱(ruo)。因(yin)此(ci),實(shi)現(xian)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)亟(ji)待(dai)培(pei)育(yu)新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)、塑造新優勢,需要更加注重生產效率的持續提升和價值創造能力的不斷增強,提升製造業核心競爭力。
三(san)是(shi)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)速(su)但(dan)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)轉(zhuan)型(xing)還(hai)需(xu)深(shen)入(ru)推(tui)進(jin)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai),我(wo)國(guo)綠(lv)色(se)製(zhi)造(zao)體(ti)係(xi)建(jian)設(she)取(qu)得(de)進(jin)展(zhan),綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)技(ji)術(shu)改(gai)造(zao)步(bu)伐(fa)加(jia)快(kuai),製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)能(neng)耗(hao)和(he)汙(wu)染(ran)排(pai)放(fang)水(shui)平(ping)持(chi)續(xu)下(xia)降(jiang),能(neng)源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)大(da)幅(fu)提(ti)升(sheng)。但(dan)是(shi),由(you)於(yu)我(wo)國(guo)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)量(liang)基(ji)數(shu)大(da)、汙染治理任務重、轉型時間窗口緊,加之鋼鐵、有色、石化、化工、建材等工業能耗和排放主體行業占比較高,部分企業技術裝備落後,尚未擺脫粗放發展模式,仍需在產業結構、產品結構、技術結構、能源結構等方麵推進全麵綠色低碳轉型。
新發展階段,製造業在建設現代化產業體係、推進新型工業化、實現共同富裕中發揮著不可替代的作用。我們要在鞏固提升規模體量優勢的同時,著力增強產業核心競爭力、自主可控能力和可持續發展能力,讓製造業在推動經濟高質量發展、提高新型城鎮化水平、促進高質量就業、保障國家安全等方麵作出更大貢獻。這就需要聚焦高端化智能化綠色化方向,提高製造業“含金量”“含智量”“含綠量”,不斷提升發展優勢、創新發展動能、優化發展生態。
高端化為製造業高質量發展提供升級導向。建設現代化產業體係,需以實體經濟為支撐,其中一個重要內容就是要打造技術水平高、競爭力強的先進製造業。歐美國家之所以擁有強大國際話語權和影響力,主要是因為其在關鍵核心零部件、重(zhong)要(yao)基(ji)礎(chu)材(cai)料(liao)等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)占(zhan)據(ju)領(ling)先(xian)地(di)位(wei)。一(yi)國(guo)擁(yong)有(you)的(de)核(he)心(xin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)術(shu)決(jue)定(ding)著(zhe)其(qi)在(zai)全(quan)球(qiu)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)中(zhong)的(de)位(wei)勢(shi),這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)集(ji)中(zhong)體(ti)現(xian)。加(jia)快(kuai)高(gao)端(duan)化(hua)升(sheng)級(ji)能(neng)夠(gou)推(tui)動(dong)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)由(you)規(gui)模(mo)擴(kuo)張(zhang)向(xiang)內(nei)涵(han)增(zeng)長(chang)轉(zhuan)變(bian),進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)增(zeng)強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)體(ti)係(xi)協(xie)調(tiao)性(xing)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)韌(ren)性(xing)。要(yao)加(jia)快(kuai)實(shi)施(shi)產(chan)業(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)再(zai)造(zao)工(gong)程(cheng)和(he)重(zhong)大(da)技(ji)術(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)攻(gong)關(guan)工(gong)程(cheng),夯(hang)實(shi)產(chan)業(ye)基(ji)礎(chu),增(zeng)強(qiang)自(zi)主(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)能(neng)力(li)。要(yao)大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye),增(zeng)強(qiang)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)動(dong)能(neng),拓(tuo)寬(kuan)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)品(pin)質(zhi)化(hua)品(pin)牌(pai)化(hua)升(sheng)級(ji)空(kong)間(jian),培(pei)育(yu)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)品(pin)牌(pai)競(jing)爭(zheng)新(xin)優(you)勢(shi),提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)業(ye)能(neng)級(ji)。
智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)為(wei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術(shu)路(lu)徑(jing)。當(dang)前(qian),世(shi)界(jie)主(zhu)要(yao)國(guo)家(jia)都(dou)在(zai)加(jia)快(kuai)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)戰(zhan)略(lve)布(bu)局(ju),搶(qiang)抓(zhua)產(chan)業(ye)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)先(xian)機(ji)。先(xian)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)是(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)支(zhi)柱(zhu),數(shu)字(zi)經(jing)濟(ji)是(shi)建(jian)設(she)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)抓(zhua)手(shou)。推(tui)動(dong)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)既(ji)是(shi)培(pei)育(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)動(dong)能(neng)的(de)有(you)效(xiao)路(lu)徑(jing),也(ye)是(shi)壯(zhuang)大(da)數(shu)字(zi)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)必(bi)然(ran)選(xuan)擇(ze)。推(tui)進(jin)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型(xing)能(neng)夠(gou)實(shi)現(xian)技(ji)術(shu)路(lu)徑(jing)再(zai)造(zao)、競(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢(shi)轉(zhuan)換(huan),釋(shi)放(fang)更(geng)多(duo)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)品(pin)質(zhi)提(ti)升(sheng)空(kong)間(jian)。要(yao)轉(zhuan)變(bian)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi),加(jia)速(su)推(tui)廣(guang)智(zhi)能(neng)製(zhi)造(zao)模(mo)式(shi),深(shen)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程(cheng)再(zai)造(zao),提(ti)高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)製(zhi)造(zao)精(jing)益(yi)化(hua)柔(rou)性(xing)化(hua)水(shui)平(ping)。加(jia)快(kuai)產(chan)品(pin)功(gong)能(neng)迭(die)代(dai)升(sheng)級(ji),發(fa)揮(hui)大(da)數(shu)據(ju)、雲計算、工業互聯網等作用,彙聚整合相關要素資源,釋放數據要素潛力,更好賦能經濟發展。
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