http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-25 07:23:08 來源:人事教育司
gesheng,zizhiqu,zhixiashijijihuadanlieshi,xinjiangshengchanjianshebingtuangongyehexinxihuazhuguanbumen,gesheng,zizhiqu,zhixiashitongxinguanliju,bushugedanwei,bushugegaoxiao,bujiguangesiju:
人才是製造強國和網絡強國建設的根本。為深入貫徹中央人才工作會議精神,《國家“十四五”期間人才發展規劃》等文件要求,切實為工業和信息化高質量發展提供有力人才保障,製定本實施意見。
一、建設目標
堅jian持chi以yi習xi近jin平ping新xin時shi代dai中zhong國guo特te色se社she會hui主zhu義yi思si想xiang為wei指zhi導dao,全quan麵mian貫guan徹che習xi近jin平ping總zong書shu記ji關guan於yu做zuo好hao新xin時shi代dai人ren才cai工gong作zuo的de重zhong要yao思si想xiang,堅jian持chi黨dang管guan人ren才cai,高gao端duan引yin領ling,產chan才cai融rong合he,改gai革ge創chuang新xin,以yi鍛duan造zao重zhong點dian人ren才cai隊dui伍wu為wei主zhu攻gong方fang向xiang,以yi實shi施shi重zhong大da人ren才cai項xiang目mu計ji劃hua為wei抓zhua手shou,全quan方fang位wei培pei養yang,引yin進jin和he用yong好hao人ren才cai,支zhi撐cheng和he引yin領ling工gong業ye和he信xin息xi化hua高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan。
二、加強重點人才隊伍建設
(一)建設戰略科學家梯隊
立li足zu工gong業ye和he信xin息xi化hua重zhong點dian領ling域yu,堅jian持chi實shi踐jian標biao準zhun,從cong國guo家jia重zhong大da項xiang目mu擔dan綱gang領ling銜xian專zhuan家jia中zhong推tui薦jian一yi批pi戰zhan略lve科ke學xue家jia人ren選xuan。堅jian持chi長chang遠yuan眼yan光guang,有you意yi識shi地di發fa現xian和he培pei養yang更geng多duo工gong業ye和he信xin息xi化hua領ling域yu具ju有you戰zhan略lve科ke學xue家jia潛qian質zhi的de高gao層ceng次ci複fu合he型xing人ren才cai。
(二)支持一流科技領軍人才和創新團隊加快成長
麵mian向xiang工gong業ye和he信xin息xi化hua戰zhan略lve急ji需xu領ling域yu,遴lin選xuan支zhi持chi一yi批pi科ke技ji領ling軍jun人ren才cai和he創chuang新xin團tuan隊dui,在zai一yi線xian實shi踐jian中zhong培pei養yang造zao就jiu人ren才cai。發fa揮hui科ke技ji領ling軍jun企qi業ye,部bu屬shu高gao校xiao,部bu屬shu科ke研yan院yuan所suo等deng作zuo用yong,組zu織zhi產chan學xue研yan協xie同tong攻gong關guan,在zai人ren才cai梯ti隊dui配pei套tao,科ke研yan條tiao件jian配pei套tao,管guan理li機ji製zhi配pei套tao方fang麵mian給gei予yu特te殊shu政zheng策ce,加jia快kuai關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu突tu破po。
(三)培育青年科技人才後備力量
引(yin)導(dao)和(he)支(zhi)持(chi)政(zheng)產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)等(deng)各(ge)方(fang)力(li)量(liang),著(zhe)力(li)培(pei)養(yang)一(yi)支(zhi)政(zheng)治(zhi)素(su)質(zhi)高(gao),創(chuang)新(xin)活(huo)力(li)強(qiang)的(de)青(qing)年(nian)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)才(cai)隊(dui)伍(wu)。組(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)工(gong)信(xin)青(qing)年(nian)科(ke)技(ji)服(fu)務(wu)團(tuan)項(xiang)目(mu),引(yin)導(dao)優(you)秀(xiu)青(qing)年(nian)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)才(cai)向(xiang)重(zhong)點(dian)企(qi)業(ye)流(liu)動(dong)。建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全(quan)以(yi)信(xin)任(ren)為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)青(qing)年(nian)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)才(cai)支(zhi)持(chi)機(ji)製(zhi),在(zai)重(zhong)大(da)項(xiang)目(mu)資(zi)源(yuan)分(fen)配(pei)等(deng)方(fang)麵(mian)予(yu)以(yi)傾(qing)斜(xie)性(xing)支(zhi)持(chi),支(zhi)持(chi)青(qing)年(nian)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)才(cai)挑(tiao)大(da)梁(liang),當(dang)主(zhu)角(jiao)。完(wan)善(shan)青(qing)年(nian)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)才(cai)評(ping)價(jia)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)強(qiang)和(he)改(gai)進(jin)部(bu)係(xi)統(tong)高(gao)級(ji)職(zhi)稱(cheng)評(ping)審(shen)工(gong)作(zuo),提(ti)高(gao)40周歲以下青年入選比例。提高部係統博士後流動(工作)站zhan建jian設she質zhi量liang。引yin導dao和he支zhi持chi用yong人ren單dan位wei在zai薪xin酬chou待dai遇yu,住zhu房fang,子zi女nv入ru學xue等deng方fang麵mian加jia大da支zhi持chi力li度du,解jie決jue青qing年nian科ke技ji人ren才cai的de後hou顧gu之zhi憂you,讓rang他ta們men安an身shen,安an心xin,安an業ye。

(四)壯大高素質技術技能人才隊伍
peiyangdapizhuoyuegongchengshi。zuzhishishizhuoyuegongchengshixinhuojihua,zaigongyehexinxihualingyuzhelijiansheyizhiaidangbaoguo,jingyefengxian,juyoutuchujishuchuangxinnengli,shanyujiejuefuzagongchengwentidegongchengshiduiwu。zhichiyoutiaojiandesheng(區,市)結合自身產業特色,建立健全卓越工程師評價體係。

wanshangaosuzhijishujinengrencaipeiyangbiaozhun。chongfenfahuiquanguogongyehexinxihuazhiyejiaoyujiaoxuezhidaoweiyuanhuizuoyong,kaizhanzhongdianlingyurencaixuqiuyuce,jiaqiangzhuanyebiaozhunjianshe,tuidongzhiyeyuanxiao“三教改革”。鼓勵開發工業和信息化領域新職業的國家職業技術技能標準,推動技術技能人才培養標準體係建設。
jiadagaosuzhijishujinengrencaipeiyanglidu。mianxianggongyehexinxihuazhongdianlingyu,kaizhandaguimozhiyejinengpeixun。jianhaoyonghaogongyehexinxihuajishujinengrencaiwangshangxuexipingtai,dalikaizhanxianshangpeixun,linxuantuiguangyipiyouzhipeixunkecheng,yindaozhichiqiyehepeixunjigouzuohaolaodongzhejinengtishenggongzuo。shenrushishizhuanyejishurencaizhishigengxingongcheng,peiyuzhuangdashuzijishugongchengshiduiwu。shenrukaizhanchanjiaoduihualiandonghuodong,lianheshishixianchanggongchengshizhuanxiangpeiyangjihua。
健全高素質技術技能人才選拔方式。加強和改進全國計算機技術與軟件專業技術資格(水平)kaoshi,quanguotongxinzhuanyejishurenyuanzhiyeshuipingkaoshigongzuo。jiansheyiquanguogongyehexinxihuajishujinengdasaiweilongtou,xingyetesejishujinengjingsaiweizhuti,qiyeneibujishubiwuweijichudesaishitixi。anzhizezuohaoxiangguanlingyudezhiyejinengdengjirendingdejianduguanligongzuo。
(五)加強企業經營管理人才隊伍建設
jiadaqiyejingyingguanlirencaipeiyanglidu。jixushishiqiyejingyingguanlirencaisuzhitishenggongcheng,shenrutuijinzhongxiaoqiyejingyingguanlilingjunrencaipeixunxiangmu,zhichipeixunziyuanxiangchanyelian“鏈主”企業,製造業單項冠軍企業,專精特新“小巨人”企業,專精特新中小企業等優質企業傾斜。通過“企業微課”,慕課等線上形式,研修班,特訓營等線下形式,建立線上線下相結合,長期短期相銜接的培養模式。
cujinqiyejingyingguanlirencaijiaoliuhezuo。chongfenfahuizhengfubumen,xingyezuzhi,zhuanyefuwujigoudengzuoyong,tongguoluntan,zhanhui,zuotanhuidengduozhongxingshi,cujinchanyelianshangzhongxiayou,dazhongxiaoqiyejingyingguanlirencaijiandejiaoliuhezuo,huxuehujian。dalihongyangyouxiuqiyejiajingshen,xuanshuhexuanchuanyipiyouxiuqiyejiadianxing,tuidongxingchengzunzhongqiyejiajiazhi,guliqiyejiachuangxin,fahuiqiyejiazuoyongdeyulunfenwei。

著zhe眼yan提ti高gao產chan業ye基ji礎chu能neng力li,組zu織zhi實shi施shi製zhi造zao業ye人ren才cai支zhi持chi計ji劃hua,選xuan拔ba和he支zhi持chi一yi批pi高gao水shui平ping管guan理li,技ji術shu,技ji能neng人ren才cai,著zhe力li解jie決jue企qi業ye留liu才cai難nan,引yin才cai難nan和he育yu才cai能neng力li不bu強qiang的de問wen題ti,提ti高gao製zhi造zao業ye企qi業ye人ren才cai集ji聚ju能neng力li。

三、提高部屬高校人才培養能力
強qiang化hua學xue科ke建jian設she。指zhi導dao部bu屬shu高gao校xiao落luo實shi學xue科ke建jian設she規gui劃hua,形xing成cheng製zhi造zao強qiang國guo和he網wang絡luo強qiang國guo主zhu幹gan學xue科ke專zhuan業ye交jiao叉cha融rong合he,協xie同tong創chuang新xin的de良liang好hao學xue科ke生sheng態tai。優you化hua基ji礎chu學xue科ke資zi源yuan配pei置zhi,提ti升sheng基ji礎chu學xue科ke建jian設she條tiao件jian和he發fa展zhan環huan境jing。支zhi持chi建jian設she一yi批pi能neng夠gou承cheng載zai高gao水shui平ping人ren才cai的de學xue科ke交jiao叉cha發fa展zhan平ping台tai。
深shen化hua人ren才cai培pei養yang產chan教jiao融rong合he。支zhi持chi部bu屬shu高gao校xiao優you化hua實shi施shi強qiang基ji計ji劃hua和he基ji礎chu學xue科ke拔ba尖jian學xue生sheng培pei養yang計ji劃hua,加jia強qiang基ji礎chu和he關guan鍵jian領ling域yu人ren才cai培pei養yang。建jian設she一yi批pi有you影ying響xiang力li的de精jing品pin課ke程cheng和he教jiao材cai。創chuang新xin卓zhuo越yue工gong程cheng師shi培pei養yang模mo式shi,形xing成cheng一yi批pi卓zhuo越yue工gong程cheng師shi培pei養yang平ping台tai,遴lin選xuan一yi批pi校xiao企qi協xie同tong育yu人ren示shi範fan基ji地di。支zhi持chi建jian好hao未wei來lai技ji術shu學xue院yuan,創chuang新xin創chuang業ye學xue院yuan等deng產chan教jiao融rong合he人ren才cai培pei養yang新xin平ping台tai,探tan索suo建jian設she若ruo幹gan人ren才cai培pei養yang特te區qu和he試shi驗yan區qu。加jia強qiang創chuang新xin創chuang業ye平ping台tai建jian設she,打da造zao一yi批pi高gao水shui平ping創chuang業ye創chuang新xin示shi範fan基ji地di。推tui動dong設she立li一yi批pi高gao水shui平ping國guo際ji聯lian合he培pei養yang辦ban學xue機ji構gou和he項xiang目mu,營ying造zao國guo際ji化hua育yu人ren環huan境jing。
四、強化集聚創新人才的特色載體建設
duijiegaoshuipingrencaigaodijianshe,yichanyejijuqu,qiye,bushugaoxiao,gongxingjishupingtai,xiangmudengweizhuashou,dazaoyipixingyetesexianming,jijuchuangxinrencaidezaitipingtai。
yindaohezhichiguojiaxianjinzhizaoyejiqun,guojiaxinxinggongyehuachanyeshifanjidi,guojiaxiaoxingweixingqiyechuangyechuangxinshifanjididengchanyejijuquyingzaojuyouguojijingzhengliderencaifazhanhuanjing,yituoguojiazhongdaxiangmu,zhongdiangongcheng,tishengjijuxiyinyouxiurencaideshifanxiaoying。zhichibushugaoxiaoshenhuayudifangtesechanye,zhongdianqiyekaizhanchanxueyanhezuo。qianghuaguojiazhizaoyechuangxinzhongxin,buzhongdianshiyanshidenggongxingjishupingtaiduichuangxinrencaidezhichengyinlingzuoyong。yizhongdagongchengxiangmuweizaiti,tongguozhichichengdanzhongdarenwupeiyanghezaojiuyipiyiliukejichuangxinrencai。
進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)突(tu)出(chu)企(qi)業(ye)承(cheng)載(zai)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)人(ren)才(cai)主(zhu)體(ti)地(di)位(wei),推(tui)動(dong)應(ying)用(yong)研(yan)究(jiu),技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)發(fa)項(xiang)目(mu)和(he)人(ren)才(cai)項(xiang)目(mu)更(geng)多(duo)由(you)企(qi)業(ye)承(cheng)擔(dan)。加(jia)快(kuai)構(gou)建(jian)龍(long)頭(tou)企(qi)業(ye)牽(qian)頭(tou),高(gao)校(xiao),科(ke)研(yan)院(yuan)所(suo)支(zhi)持(chi),各(ge)方(fang)麵(mian)協(xie)同(tong)配(pei)合(he)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)聯(lian)合(he)體(ti),組(zu)織(zhi)創(chuang)新(xin)團(tuan)隊(dui)開(kai)展(zhan)跨(kua)學(xue)科(ke),跨(kua)領(ling)域(yu)產(chan)學(xue)研(yan)協(xie)同(tong)攻(gong)關(guan)。麵(mian)向(xiang)優(you)質(zhi)企(qi)業(ye),高(gao)校(xiao),科(ke)研(yan)院(yuan)所(suo)等(deng),支(zhi)持(chi)建(jian)設(she)一(yi)批(pi)產(chan)業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)基(ji)地(di),培(pei)養(yang)集(ji)聚(ju)更(geng)多(duo)高(gao)素(su)質(zhi)人(ren)才(cai)。鼓(gu)勵(li)企(qi)業(ye)足(zu)額(e)提(ti)取(qu)職(zhi)工(gong)教(jiao)育(yu)經(jing)費(fei),用(yong)於(yu)技(ji)術(shu),技(ji)能(neng)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)教(jiao)育(yu)培(pei)訓(xun)。
五、深化人才發展體製機製改革
(一)創新人才評價機製
堅持“破四唯”與“立新標”並舉,加快推進以創新價值,能力,貢獻為導向的人才評價體係建設。落實“唯帽子”問題專項治理,推動人才稱號,學術頭銜回歸學術性,榮譽性本質。突出“高精尖缺”,優(you)化(hua)相(xiang)關(guan)人(ren)才(cai)項(xiang)目(mu)評(ping)審(shen)標(biao)準(zhun)。落(luo)實(shi)和(he)深(shen)化(hua)專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)才(cai)職(zhi)稱(cheng)製(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge),支(zhi)持(chi)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)打(da)通(tong)高(gao)技(ji)能(neng)人(ren)才(cai)與(yu)專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)才(cai)職(zhi)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)通(tong)道(dao)。推(tui)進(jin)部(bu)係(xi)統(tong)職(zhi)稱(cheng)製(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge),做(zuo)好(hao)職(zhi)稱(cheng)評(ping)審(shen)權(quan)限(xian)下(xia)放(fang)試(shi)點(dian)評(ping)估(gu)工(gong)作(zuo)。指(zhi)導(dao)部(bu)屬(shu)有(you)關(guan)單(dan)位(wei)及(ji)部(bu)屬(shu)高(gao)校(xiao)開(kai)展(zhan)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)才(cai)評(ping)價(jia)改(gai)革(ge)試(shi)點(dian)工(gong)作(zuo)。支(zhi)持(chi)專(zhuan)業(ye)機(ji)構(gou),行(xing)業(ye)組(zu)織(zhi),事(shi)業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)等(deng)開(kai)展(zhan)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua),社(she)會(hui)化(hua)評(ping)價(jia),有(you)序(xu)承(cheng)接(jie)政(zheng)府(fu)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)人(ren)才(cai)評(ping)價(jia)職(zhi)能(neng)。
(二)改進人才使用機製
加快推動形成以信任為基礎的人才使用機製。完善和落實項目立項“揭榜掛帥”“賽馬”等機製,最大限度發揮各類人才創新積極性和主動性。繼續為科研人才減負鬆綁,推行“無會日”,保證教學和科研人員參與非學術事務性活動每周不超過一天。推廣科研助理製度,減輕科研人員填表,報銷等事務性負擔。
(三)健全人才激勵機製
強(qiang)化(hua)對(dui)人(ren)才(cai)的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)引(yin)領(ling)和(he)精(jing)神(shen)激(ji)勵(li),吸(xi)引(yin)更(geng)多(duo)優(you)秀(xiu)人(ren)才(cai)投(tou)身(shen)工(gong)業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)事(shi)業(ye)。落(luo)實(shi)黨(dang)委(wei)聯(lian)係(xi)服(fu)務(wu)專(zhuan)家(jia)製(zhi)度(du),開(kai)展(zhan)形(xing)式(shi)多(duo)樣(yang)的(de)人(ren)才(cai)服(fu)務(wu)基(ji)層(ceng)活(huo)動(dong)。大(da)力(li)弘(hong)揚(yang)科(ke)學(xue)家(jia)精(jing)神(shen),工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)文(wen)化(hua)和(he)工(gong)匠(jiang)精(jing)神(shen),宣(xuan)傳(chuan)一(yi)批(pi)工(gong)業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)領(ling)域(yu)優(you)秀(xiu)人(ren)才(cai)典(dian)型(xing)。常(chang)態(tai)化(hua)開(kai)展(zhan)“弘揚愛國奮鬥精神,建功立業新時代”活huo動dong。部bu屬shu科ke研yan院yuan所suo,部bu屬shu高gao校xiao對dui承cheng擔dan國guo家jia重zhong大da任ren務wu,成cheng效xiao突tu出chu的de科ke技ji人ren員yuan和he團tuan隊dui在zai績ji效xiao工gong資zi分fen配pei,職zhi稱cheng評ping定ding,晉jin職zhi晉jin級ji,表biao彰zhang獎jiang勵li等deng方fang麵mian給gei予yu傾qing斜xie。
(四)優化人才流動機製
對dui接jie服fu務wu國guo家jia重zhong大da區qu域yu戰zhan略lve,支zhi持chi重zhong點dian人ren才cai計ji劃hua向xiang東dong北bei地di區qu,中zhong西xi部bu地di區qu傾qing斜xie,引yin導dao激ji勵li人ren才cai向xiang艱jian苦ku邊bian遠yuan地di區qu和he基ji層ceng一yi線xian流liu動dong。引yin導dao人ren才cai計ji劃hua入ru選xuan者zhe合he理li有you序xu流liu動dong,避bi免mian比bi拚pin待dai遇yu“哄搶”人才等亂象。支持各地製定出台精準有效的人才支持政策,引導和吸引優秀人才向本地區重點產業集聚區流動。
六、加強組織保障
(一)健全人才工作組織體係
加強對工業和信息化人才工作的組織領導,統籌協調,整體推進和督促落實。黨委(黨組)zhuyaofuzetongzhiyaoqinzizhua,fenguanfuzetongzhiyaomingquezerenjutizhua,zuzhirenshibumenqieshilvxingzhuazhengce,zhuaxiangmu,zhuaxietiao,zhuafuwudezhize。gedigongyehexinxihuazhuguanbumen,tongxinguanlijuyaojiehebendichanyefazhanshiji,jiaqiangyudangweizuzhibu,jiaoyu,renshedengbumenxietongliandong,qianghuarencaigongzuomouhua,jishixietiaojiejuerencaigongzuozhongdezhongdawenti。bushugegaoxiaoyaoshenrutuijin“雙一流”建(jian)設(she),持(chi)續(xu)打(da)造(zao)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)人(ren)才(cai)培(pei)養(yang)體(ti)係(xi)。部(bu)屬(shu)各(ge)企(qi)事(shi)業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)要(yao)立(li)足(zu)自(zi)身(shen)優(you)勢(shi),進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)加(jia)強(qiang)本(ben)單(dan)位(wei)人(ren)才(cai)隊(dui)伍(wu)建(jian)設(she),加(jia)大(da)優(you)勢(shi)領(ling)域(yu)重(zhong)要(yao)人(ren)才(cai)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)力(li)度(du),更(geng)好(hao)支(zhi)撐(cheng)重(zhong)點(dian)工(gong)作(zuo),服(fu)務(wu)行(xing)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan),提(ti)升(sheng)核(he)心(xin)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。部(bu)機(ji)關(guan)各(ge)司(si)局(ju)要(yao)履(lv)行(xing)“一手抓產業,一手抓人才”的職責,做到產業和人才政策協同發力。支持有條件的單位配強行業人才工作力量,完善工作運行機製。
(二)夯實人才工作基礎
健jian全quan人ren才cai工gong作zuo政zheng策ce研yan究jiu體ti係xi,支zhi持chi行xing業ye特te色se人ren才cai智zhi庫ku建jian設she,增zeng強qiang人ren才cai工gong作zuo前qian瞻zhan性xing,係xi統tong性xing。持chi續xu開kai展zhan重zhong點dian領ling域yu產chan業ye人ren才cai需xu求qiu預yu測ce工gong作zuo,為wei科ke學xue製zhi定ding人ren才cai政zheng策ce提ti供gong重zhong要yao參can考kao。定ding期qi開kai展zhan部bu係xi統tong人ren才cai統tong計ji工gong作zuo。建jian設she完wan善shan工gong業ye和he信xin息xi化hua專zhuan家jia信xin息xi管guan理li服fu務wu平ping台tai,彙hui聚ju來lai自zi企qi業ye,高gao校xiao,科ke研yan院yuan所suo等deng各ge方fang的de優you秀xiu專zhuan家jia,為wei高gao質zhi量liang開kai展zhan人ren才cai工gong作zuo提ti供gong智zhi力li支zhi持chi。
(三)強化實施效果評估
強(qiang)化(hua)監(jian)測(ce)分(fen)析(xi)和(he)績(ji)效(xiao)評(ping)估(gu),建(jian)立(li)意(yi)見(jian)實(shi)施(shi)情(qing)況(kuang)定(ding)期(qi)評(ping)估(gu)製(zhi)度(du),探(tan)索(suo)引(yin)入(ru)第(di)三(san)方(fang)評(ping)估(gu)機(ji)製(zhi),適(shi)時(shi)開(kai)展(zhan)中(zhong)期(qi)評(ping)估(gu)和(he)總(zong)結(jie)評(ping)估(gu)。建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全(quan)動(dong)態(tai)調(tiao)整(zheng)機(ji)製(zhi),及(ji)時(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)解(jie)決(jue)意(yi)見(jian)實(shi)施(shi)中(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)新(xin)情(qing)況(kuang)新(xin)問(wen)題(ti),提(ti)高(gao)實(shi)施(shi)成(cheng)效(xiao)。