編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)

，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   dangjinxunihuajishuyijingshentoudaoshehuiguanjianxingyehexinjisuanyewuzhong
，xunihuadechuxiangaibianlechuantongdedanyijisuanjijiagou
，xunihuadegaokeyongxinghekuaisuqianyitexingyouxiaobaozhengleguanjianxitongdejisuanjiyewulianxu
，youxiaojiangdileyoujisuanjiguzhangdaozhideyewuzhongduan
，jiangsunshijiangdaozuidi。xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，jiangdiyouyugongkongzhujisunhuaidaozhideyewuzhongduan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPUbingxing
，yunxuyigepingtaitongshiyunxingduogecaozuoxitong
，bingqieyingyongchengxudoukeyizaixianghudulidekongjianneiyunxingerhubuyingxiang，congerxianzhutigaojisuanjidegongzuoxiaolv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPU帶dai有you特te別bie優you化hua過guo的de指zhi令ling集ji來lai控kong製zhi虛xu擬ni過guo程cheng，通tong過guo特te殊shu的de指zhi令ling集ji
，虛xu擬ni機ji會hui很hen容rong易yi提ti高gao性xing能neng，虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke提ti供gong基ji於yu芯xin片pian的de功gong能neng，借jie助zhu兼jian容rongVMMruanjiannenggougaijinchunruanjianjiejuefangan。youyuxunihuayingjianketigongquanxindejiagou
，zhichicaozuoxitongzhijiezaishangmianyunxing，congerwuxujinxingerjinzhizhuanhuan，jianshaolexiangguandexingnengkaixiao


，jidajianhualeVMM設計


，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotion等deng高gao級ji功gong能neng特te性xing，因yin而er在zai它ta創chuang建jian的de環huan境jing中zhong，遇yu到dao停ting機ji時shi最zui多duo不bu過guo就jiu是shi簡jian單dan的de重zhong新xin啟qi動dong而er已yi。對dui於yu防fang止zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu或huo硬ying件jian發fa生sheng故gu障zhang的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an來lai說shuo，工gong控kong主zhu機jiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用
、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi
，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   工gong控kong機ji是shi專zhuan門men為wei工gong業ye現xian場chang而er設she計ji的de計ji算suan機ji，工gong業ye現xian場chang一yi般ban具ju有you強qiang烈lie的de震zhen動dong，灰hui塵chen特te別bie多duo，另ling有you很hen高gao的de電dian磁ci場chang力li幹gan擾rao等deng特te點dian


，且qie一yi般ban工gong廠chang均jun是shi連lian續xu作zuo業ye即ji一yi年nian中zhong一yi般ban沒mei有you休xiu息xi，在zai惡e劣lie條tiao件jian下xia影ying響xiang工gong控kong主zhu機ji效xiao能neng的de不bu單dan單dan是shi其qi使shi用yong壽shou命ming，對dui於yu關guan鍵jian性xing業ye務wu來lai講jiang確que保bao業ye務wu的de穩wen定ding性xing和he連lian續xu性xing顯xian得de格ge外wai重zhong要yao，使shi用yong虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou主zhu要yao在zai於yu虛xu擬ni化hua的de操cao作zuo係xi統tong僅jin僅jin是shi以yi文wen件jian形xing式shi存cun在zai
，包bao括kuo內nei存cun的de鏡jing像xiang等deng，在zai發fa生sheng災zai難nan情qing況kuang下xia可ke以yi做zuo到dao零ling毫hao秒miao快kuai速su無wu縫feng切qie換huan，所suo以yi在zai關guan鍵jian業ye務wu應ying用yong場chang所suo保bao障zhang了le業ye務wu的de連lian續xu可ke靠kao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu
，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian
，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending
，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用
，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong

，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji

，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此

，環境的動態性很強。換言之
，虛擬機總在被創建
、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji
，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben
，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei
，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang ，唯(wei)一(yi)需(xu)要(yao)安(an)裝(zhuang)備(bei)份(fen)軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)就(jiu)是(shi)備(bei)份(fen)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)了(le)。在(zai)處(chu)理(li)數(shu)百(bai)個(ge)虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)時(shi)，這(zhe)樣(yang)做(zuo)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)大(da)幅(fu)降(jiang)低(di)備(bei)份(fen)許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)，通(tong)過(guo)快(kuai)照(zhao)功(gong)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。