http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-27 04:36:50 來源:中國能源報

近jin期qi,天tian然ran氣qi發fa電dian設she備bei維wei修xiu成cheng本ben過guo高gao備bei受shou業ye內nei熱re議yi。打da破po壟long斷duan,實shi現xian設she備bei國guo產chan化hua成cheng為wei能neng源yuan裝zhuang備bei領ling域yu的de發fa展zhan期qi許xu。今jin年nian上shang半ban年nian,中zhong國guo質zhi量liang協xie會hui發fa布bu的de2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、成cheng套tao化hua發fa展zhan的de趨qu勢shi下xia,配pei套tao基ji礎chu件jian短duan板ban效xiao應ying越yue來lai越yue明ming顯xian,關guan鍵jian零ling部bu件jian依yi賴lai進jin口kou,國guo外wai設she備bei集ji團tuan壟long斷duan,成cheng為wei我wo國guo製zhi造zao業ye做zuo強qiang做zuo大da的de軟ruan肋lei。在zai經jing濟ji上shang,外wai商shang總zong會hui切qie中zhong要yao害hai的de抬tai高gao關guan鍵jian零ling部bu件jian價jia格ge,使shi得de裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye仍reng受shou製zhi於yu國guo外wai。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
jujizhelejie,muqianyuguowaishebeixiangbi,guochanshebeidezuidayoushihaishizaiyujiage,yibanguochanshebeidejiagejinweijinkoutongleichanpindeerfenzhiyihuosanfenzhiyi,gaodangcidechanpinyuguowaitongleichanpinxiangbijiagechajugengda,bufenshebeiyijingwanquanshixianguochanhua。danjibianruci,guoneidecaigouyonghuquerengyigezhongjiekoujujueshiyong,huozherenweishezhigezhongzhangai,zengjiaguochanzhuangbeijinrudaxingshichangdemenkan。haiyouyixieshiyongdanweizaicaigoushebeishi,mangmuzhuiqiushiyongguowaixianjindejishuheshebei,jibukaolvxingjiabi,yebukaolvguoneizhizaoyedetongbufazhan。yixiangjishuhaimeiyoutuiguang,youquzhuiqiuqitajishuhuozhuangbei,zaochengtongleizhuangbeidezhongfuyinjin。
記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)調(tiao)查(zha)中(zhong),多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)認(ren)同(tong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)采(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)受(shou)歧(qi)視(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)實(shi)。在(zai)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)海(hai)關(guan)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)統(tong)計(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),隨(sui)著(zhe)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao),重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)進(jin)口(kou)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)金(jin)額(e)卻(que)並(bing)未(wei)減(jian)少(shao),反(fan)之(zhi)還(hai)在(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)。
真zhen的de是shi我wo國guo的de裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin不bu能neng滿man足zu經jing濟ji快kuai速su發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao嗎ma?其qi實shi不bu然ran。一yi名ming從cong事shi設she備bei采cai購gou的de業ye內nei人ren士shi告gao訴su記ji者zhe,目mu前qian阻zu礙ai設she備bei國guo產chan化hua發fa展zhan,國guo內nei的de一yi些xie采cai購gou用yong戶hu有you不bu可ke推tui卸xie的de責ze任ren。例li如ru,在zai設she備bei投tou標biao中zhong這zhe些xie用yong戶hu一yi般ban會hui出chu現xian四si種zhong表biao現xian,第di一yi種zhong,業ye主zhu會hui明ming確que表biao示shi,隻zhi用yong進jin口kou設she備bei,國guo產chan設she備bei免mian談tan,國guo內nei廠chang商shang直zhi接jie吃chi閉bi門men羹geng。第di二er種zhong,業ye主zhu在zai標biao書shu中zhong完wan全quan套tao用yong國guo外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu參can數shu。由you於yu國guo內nei外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu標biao準zhun、canshubujinxiangtong,shicanjiazhaotoubiaodeguoneichangjiawusuoshicong,genbenbukenengzhongbiao。disanzhong,yezhudecaigoubiaoshuzhimaigeiguowaichangshang。disizhong,yezhugancuizaibiaoshuzhongzhijiezhidingcaigoumouguogongsidemouzhongchanpin。
一(yi)位(wei)石(shi)油(you)專(zhuan)家(jia)表(biao)示(shi),近(jin)十(shi)年(nian)來(lai),我(wo)國(guo)大(da)型(xing)石(shi)油(you)設(she)備(bei)已(yi)經(jing)重(zhong)複(fu)進(jin)口(kou)多(duo)套(tao),就(jiu)目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)們(men)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)設(she)計(ji)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)來(lai)說(shuo),已(yi)經(jing)具(ju)備(bei)生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)了(le)。但(dan)是(shi),國(guo)內(nei)一(yi)些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)仍(reng)是(shi)以(yi)老(lao)眼(yan)光(guang)來(lai)看(kan)待(dai)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei),一(yi)提(ti)國(guo)產(chan),就(jiu)有(you)莫(mo)名(ming)的(de)顧(gu)慮(lv),不(bu)願(yuan)使(shi)用(yong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei),國(guo)家(jia)花(hua)了(le)大(da)量(liang)資(zi)金(jin)引(yin)進(jin)技(ji)術(shu),製(zhi)造(zao)企(qi)業(ye)消(xiao)化(hua)吸(xi)收(shou)後(hou)也(ye)開(kai)發(fa)了(le)許(xu)多(duo)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin),但(dan)往(wang)往(wang)因(yin)沒(mei)有(you)依(yi)托(tuo)工(gong)程(cheng)而(er)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)驗(yan)證(zheng),或(huo)被(bei)用(yong)戶(hu)以(yi)沒(mei)有(you)運(yun)行(xing)業(ye)績(ji)為(wei)由(you)剝(bo)奪(duo)投(tou)標(biao)資(zi)格(ge),使(shi)我(wo)們(men)製(zhi)造(zao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)企(qi)業(ye)沒(mei)有(you)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。產(chan)品(pin)如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui),技(ji)術(shu)也(ye)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)得(de)到(dao)改(gai)進(jin)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
即(ji)使(shi)國(guo)內(nei)產(chan)品(pin)做(zuo)得(de)不(bu)好(hao)也(ye)要(yao)嚐(chang)試(shi)去(qu)用(yong),發(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti),從(cong)而(er)改(gai)進(jin)。這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian),在(zai)韓(han)國(guo)就(jiu)有(you)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)例(li)子(zi)。其(qi)國(guo)人(ren)的(de)國(guo)貨(huo)情(qing)結(jie)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)每(mei)個(ge)國(guo)人(ren)身(shen)上(shang)。有(you)媒(mei)體(ti)報(bao)道(dao),韓(han)國(guo)明(ming)星(xing)金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)曾(zeng)被(bei)邀(yao)請(qing)到(dao)中(zhong)國(guo)來(lai)參(can)加(jia)商(shang)業(ye)活(huo)動(dong),金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)發(fa)現(xian)車(che)隊(dui)中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)韓(han)國(guo)車(che),就(jiu)拒(ju)絕(jue)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)德(de)國(guo)進(jin)口(kou)車(che)離(li)開(kai)。金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)說(shuo)自(zi)己(ji)是(shi)韓(han)國(guo)人(ren),就(jiu)應(ying)該(gai)坐(zuo)本(ben)國(guo)車(che)。前(qian)蘇(su)聯(lian)也(ye)是(shi)如(ru)此(ci),國(guo)人(ren)普(pu)遍(bian)有(you)濃(nong)厚(hou)的(de)國(guo)貨(huo)情(qing)結(jie)。而(er)事(shi)實(shi)證(zheng)明(ming)裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)品(pin)隻(zhi)有(you)經(jing)過(guo)"用",才能變得越來越好。
中zhong國guo機ji械xie工gong業ye聯lian合he會hui原yuan總zong工gong程cheng師shi隋sui永yong濱bin指zhi出chu,振zhen興xing裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye任ren重zhong道dao遠yuan,是shi一yi項xiang長chang期qi的de戰zhan略lve部bu署shu和he安an排pai,雖sui然ran國guo家jia已yi經jing出chu台tai相xiang關guan政zheng策ce支zhi持chi重zhong大da裝zhuang備bei國guo產chan化hua,但dan未wei來lai5年(nian)內(nei),中(zhong)國(guo)重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)行(xing)業(ye)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)打(da)造(zao)出(chu)幾(ji)個(ge)大(da)集(ji)團(tuan),形(xing)成(cheng)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)特(te)色(se),在(zai)關(guan)鍵(jian)裝(zhuang)備(bei)方(fang)麵(mian)實(shi)現(xian)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua),裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)真(zhen)正(zheng)意(yi)義(yi)的(de)振(zhen)興(xing)仍(reng)將(jiang)遙(yao)遙(yao)無(wu)期(qi)。故(gu)而(er),相(xiang)關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)該(gai)時(shi)刻(ke)把(ba)握(wo)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)脈(mai)搏(bo),樹(shu)立(li)集(ji)團(tuan)作(zuo)戰(zhan)的(de)意(yi)識(shi);相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
zaijingjiquanqiuhuadejintian,henduokuaguogongsixuanzezaihaiwaitouzijianlishengchanzhizaojidi。muqianhenduowaiziqiyezaihuajianchang。guoneiyonghumaideshiheziqiyedechanpin,suiranzhexiechanpindoushizaiguoneishengchan,danqi80%的de零ling部bu件jian是shi從cong國guo外wai的de母mu廠chang進jin口kou的de,這zhe些xie產chan品pin國guo產chan化hua的de技ji術shu含han量liang幾ji乎hu沒mei有you,而er這zhe種zhong產chan品pin在zai目mu前qian市shi場chang中zhong又you占zhan據ju著zhe相xiang當dang大da的de比bi重zhong,無wu形xing中zhong擠ji占zhan了le國guo內nei裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao產chan品pin的de發fa展zhan空kong間jian。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
duiyuyonghueryan,xiwanggoumaideshebeizhiliangyouliang,jishuxianjin,zhedouwukehoufei。dangran,guoneiqiyezaituijinguochanhuadedaolushangyecunzaixuduozhiliangshangdewenti,danbunengyincifourenqiqudedeguochanhuachengji,huaiyiqiguochanhuadeshuiping,jujuedajianpingtai、geiyuzhanxiandejihui。congmouzhongyiyishangeryan,zuoweichanyelianshangxiayouguanxi,yonghuhezhuangbeiyerutongchunchi,cunzaijinmideguanxi,yirongjurong,yisunjusun。yinci,ruoxiangzuoqiangwoguozhuangbeizhizaoye,shixianwoguozhuangbeizhizaoyedeqiangguozhimeng,jiasutuijinzhuangbeizhizaoyeguochanhuajincheng,shixianqizizhuhuachuangxin,shiwoguozhengfu、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。