http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-27 11:20:50 來源:國際融資雜誌
中國宏觀經濟信息網及中國戰略思想庫首次權威公開發布《中國智能電網與智慧城市發展研究報告》白皮書,重點闡述城市化啟動中國經濟未來、電力在中國能源中的戰略地位、智能電網與中國新型城市化、如何推進智能電網發展戰略等問題
始於2008niandequanqiujinrongweijiyijingchangqihua,bingqiehaizaijixushenhua,xinyilundequanqiujingjiweijihuozhengzaiyunniangzhizhong,zheyiweizhewaixudimishenzhijixuhualuojiangshidagailvshijian。zaizheyangdedabeijingxia,zhongguojingjikongpananyidushanqishen,yiwangdewaixiangxingjingjifazhanmoshijiangbukechixu。yinci,zhongguojingjiyingdangzhuanxiangneixuweizhudezengchangguidao,jitongguoneixukuozhanglaiduijingjizengchangxingchengxindeqiandongli。weilai,bixuqidongdaguimodechengshihua,tongshibansuiyifenpeilingyuweizhongdiandegaige,laituidongjingjidefazhan。
智能電網智慧城市的一部分
womenzhuzhangyichengshihuaweihexindejingjicijizhengce,butongyuguoqucufangshidefazhan,bushizaiyuanyoujiegoujichushangjixuzengjiatouzihechanneng,ershiyaochudongyuanyoudebuhelidejingjijiegou,bingzaiduichengshihuachongfenlunzhengdeqiantixiajinxingguihua。womenyaojianshedeshixinxingchengshihua,shiyichengxiangtongchou、城鄉一體、產城互動、節約集約、生態宜居、和諧發展為基本特征的城市化,是大中小城市、小城鎮、新型農村社區協調發展、互促共進的城市化。
需要注意的問題是,中國經濟的持續高速發展,特別是未來城市化的發展,將帶動能源消費量的急劇上升,“中國戰略思想庫”在zai之zhi前qian的de報bao告gao中zhong就jiu已yi經jing明ming確que提ti出chu,能neng源yuan問wen題ti已yi經jing成cheng為wei中zhong國guo當dang前qian和he未wei來lai經jing濟ji社she會hui發fa展zhan的de硬ying約yue束shu,相xiang比bi於yu美mei日ri歐ou國guo家jia的de工gong業ye化hua和he城cheng市shi化hua過guo程cheng,中zhong國guo麵mian臨lin的de資zi源yuan和he環huan境jing約yue束shu將jiang更geng加jia惡e劣lie。所suo以yi,在zai能neng源yuan對dui環huan境jing和he經jing濟ji增zeng長chang已yi經jing形xing成cheng製zhi約yue的de情qing況kuang下xia,如ru何he解jie決jue資zi源yuan不bu足zu是shi非fei常chang迫po切qie和he現xian實shi的de問wen題ti,這zhe是shi本ben文wen分fen析xi的de重zhong點dian之zhi一yi。
如(ru)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu),隨(sui)著(zhe)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan),對(dui)資(zi)源(yuan)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)量(liang)不(bu)斷(duan)擴(kuo)大(da),由(you)於(yu)本(ben)土(tu)能(neng)源(yuan)相(xiang)對(dui)貧(pin)乏(fa),中(zhong)國(guo)內(nei)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)已(yi)經(jing)無(wu)法(fa)滿(man)足(zu)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu),越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)需(xu)要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)外(wai)部(bu)供(gong)應(ying),因(yin)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)中(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)能(neng)源(yuan)問(wen)題(ti)上(shang)容(rong)易(yi)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)人(ren)。同(tong)時(shi),中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)需(xu)的(de)地(di)域(yu)分(fen)布(bu)不(bu)均(jun)、跨度大正在對經濟的發展造成製約,能源消費結構問題也加大了環境治理的難度。
城(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)是(shi)未(wei)來(lai)拉(la)動(dong)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)走(zou)出(chu)低(di)穀(gu)的(de)唯(wei)一(yi)通(tong)道(dao),而(er)中(zhong)國(guo)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)則(ze)要(yao)求(qiu)大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)電(dian)力(li)。隨(sui)著(zhe)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)進(jin)步(bu),電(dian)力(li)能(neng)源(yuan)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)優(you)勢(shi)也(ye)在(zai)逐(zhu)步(bu)顯(xian)現(xian),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)電(dian)力(li)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)升(sheng)級(ji)有(you)助(zhu)於(yu)減(jian)少(shao)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)量(liang),以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)力(li)具(ju)備(bei)可(ke)以(yi)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)生(sheng)產(chan)、yuanjulishusongdengtedian,duiyuhuanjiezhongguodangqiannengyuanduanquewentihehuanjingwuranwentijuyouzhongyaoyiyi。tongshi,fazhandianligengshiquebaozhongguonengyuananquandezhongyaoyinsu。yinci,zhongguozaifazhandianlinengyuanguochengzhong,bixuyaoyouzhengtizhanlveguihua。
xinxingchengshihuaduigexiangjichushebeideyaoqiugenggao,zaijiashangzhongguoguoqingtongxifangshehuichayijiaoda,chengshihuadefazhanjiangjiajunengyuanquyufenbubupinghengwenti,yinweisuizhechengshihuadetuijin,renkouhegongyeyuelaiyuejizhongyudongbu,xibudiqujiangchengdanyuelaiyuedadenengyuangonggeirenwu,chengshihuadefazhanhetuijinjiangduinengyuandaguimo、遠(yuan)距(ju)離(li)調(tiao)度(du)提(ti)出(chu)更(geng)高(gao)要(yao)求(qiu)。如(ru)果(guo)我(wo)們(men)確(que)定(ding)了(le)以(yi)電(dian)網(wang)為(wei)主(zhu)來(lai)承(cheng)擔(dan)這(zhe)個(ge)調(tiao)度(du)任(ren)務(wu)的(de)話(hua),也(ye)就(jiu)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)電(dian)網(wang)必(bi)須(xu)承(cheng)擔(dan)更(geng)大(da)的(de)負(fu)荷(he),擁(yong)有(you)更(geng)高(gao)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv),同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)更(geng)加(jia)安(an)全(quan)和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)。未(wei)來(lai),清(qing)潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)將(jiang)是(shi)必(bi)然(ran)趨(qu)勢(shi),這(zhe)也(ye)給(gei)傳(chuan)統(tong)電(dian)網(wang)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)巨(ju)大(da)壓(ya)力(li),而(er)包(bao)括(kuo)居(ju)民(min)、新興產業和智能產業在內的用戶需求的多元化也對電網提出了新的挑戰。
suizheguojiaxinxingchengzhenhuazhanlvedezhubushishi,zhihuichengshijianshededaogejizhengfudegaoduzhongshi。suiranguanyuzhihuichengshishangwuyigetongyidedingyi,danjibendounangkuoleyirenweiben、生態、低碳、循環、綠(lv)色(se)和(he)文(wen)明(ming)等(deng)發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念(nian),與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念(nian)高(gao)度(du)契(qi)合(he),因(yin)此(ci)是(shi)新(xin)型(xing)城(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)必(bi)然(ran)選(xuan)擇(ze),有(you)望(wang)成(cheng)為(wei)未(wei)來(lai)中(zhong)型(xing)以(yi)及(ji)中(zhong)型(xing)以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)。而(er)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)則(ze)是(shi)構(gou)建(jian)整(zheng)個(ge)智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)神(shen)經(jing)係(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen),智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)支(zhi)持(chi)智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan),它(ta)是(shi)智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)設(she)的(de)核(he)心(xin)基(ji)礎(chu)。未(wei)來(lai)智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)和(he)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)需(xu)要(yao)更(geng)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)、更廣範圍內進行技術革新以及技術整合。
推進智能電網的發展戰略
目前,中國電力工業發展已進入大電網、高電壓、長距離、大da容rong量liang階jie段duan,網wang架jia結jie構gou日ri益yi複fu雜za,電dian網wang構gou成cheng了le中zhong國guo目mu前qian最zui大da的de基ji礎chu設she施shi網wang絡luo。發fa展zhan智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de大da方fang向xiang已yi經jing明ming確que,關guan鍵jian是shi如ru何he在zai推tui進jin智zhi能neng電dian網wang發fa展zhan戰zhan略lve過guo程cheng中zhong明ming確que它ta的de戰zhan略lve目mu標biao,找zhao準zhun產chan業ye發fa展zhan的de關guan鍵jian點dian。對dui此ci,我wo們men提ti出chu以yi下xia觀guan點dian和he建jian議yi。
在zai發fa展zhan戰zhan略lve目mu標biao上shang,首shou先xian,要yao明ming確que的de是shi,以yi智zhi能neng電dian網wang支zhi撐cheng未wei來lai城cheng市shi化hua基ji礎chu設she施shi建jian設she。未wei來lai,智zhi能neng電dian網wang在zai作zuo為wei城cheng市shi發fa展zhan的de重zhong要yao基ji礎chu設she施shi的de作zuo用yong將jiang越yue來lai越yue重zhong要yao,它ta作zuo為wei中zhong國guo最zui大da基ji礎chu設she施shi網wang絡luo,具ju有you不bu可ke替ti代dai性xing。而er且qie除chu了le電dian力li運yun輸shu方fang麵mian以yi外wai,電dian網wang還hai具ju有you傳chuan輸shu信xin息xi的de功gong能neng。特te別bie是shi隨sui著zhe城cheng市shi化hua的de推tui進jin,各ge種zhong智zhi能neng基ji礎chu設she施shi的de建jian設she很hen多duo都dou是shi建jian立li在zai智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de基ji礎chu上shang。
其qi次ci,用yong智zhi能neng電dian網wang帶dai動dong和he引yin領ling智zhi能neng產chan業ye的de發fa展zhan。智zhi能neng電dian網wang作zuo為wei主zhu要yao基ji礎chu設she施shi,不bu僅jin為wei城cheng市shi化hua提ti供gong支zhi撐cheng,也ye為wei其qi他ta智zhi能neng基ji礎chu設she施shi的de發fa展zhan提ti供gong基ji礎chu。沒mei有you智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de支zhi撐cheng,很hen多duo新xin興xing產chan業ye和he智zhi能neng產chan業ye的de發fa展zhan將jiang無wu從cong談tan起qi。所suo以yi,我wo們men應ying當dang從cong國guo家jia基ji礎chu設she施shi建jian設she、中國新型現代化建設的角度來看待電網建設問題。
第(di)三(san),將(jiang)中(zhong)國(guo)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)打(da)造(zao)成(cheng)具(ju)有(you)全(quan)球(qiu)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)。毋(wu)庸(yong)置(zhi)疑(yi),智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)是(shi)當(dang)前(qian)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)最(zui)具(ju)前(qian)景(jing)的(de)行(xing)業(ye)之(zhi)一(yi)。中(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)方(fang)麵(mian)具(ju)有(you)很(hen)大(da)優(you)勢(shi),正(zheng)站(zhan)在(zai)全(quan)球(qiu)的(de)領(ling)跑(pao)線(xian)上(shang),中(zhong)國(guo)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)類(lei)似(si)於(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)高(gao)鐵(tie),有(you)著(zhe)別(bie)國(guo)和(he)地(di)區(qu)不(bu)具(ju)有(you)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)等(deng)方(fang)麵(mian)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)優(you)勢(shi)。智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)“高鐵第二”,成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)當(dang)前(qian)最(zui)具(ju)有(you)全(quan)球(qiu)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)行(xing)業(ye)之(zhi)一(yi)。既(ji)然(ran)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)方(fang)麵(mian)中(zhong)國(guo)已(yi)經(jing)走(zou)在(zai)了(le)前(qian)列(lie),中(zhong)國(guo)就(jiu)更(geng)應(ying)當(dang)花(hua)大(da)力(li)氣(qi)切(qie)實(shi)把(ba)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強(qiang)。一(yi)旦(dan)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)重(zhong)大(da)飛(fei)躍(yue),其(qi)他(ta)國(guo)家(jia)很(hen)難(nan)在(zai)這(zhe)方(fang)麵(mian)與(yu)我(wo)們(men)形(xing)成(cheng)均(jun)勢(shi)的(de)對(dui)抗(kang)。可(ke)以(yi)說(shuo),此(ci)事(shi)意(yi)義(yi)非(fei)凡(fan),甚(shen)至(zhi)把(ba)它(ta)提(ti)升(sheng)為(wei)今(jin)後(hou)20~30年使中國占領產業製高點的一項重大國家戰略也並不為過。
第(di)四(si),將(jiang)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)作(zuo)為(wei)我(wo)們(men)整(zheng)合(he)周(zhou)邊(bian)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)工(gong)具(ju)。中(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)城(cheng)市(shi)化(hua)的(de)大(da)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)隨(sui)著(zhe)遠(yuan)程(cheng)輸(shu)電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),應(ying)當(dang)思(si)考(kao)如(ru)何(he)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)這(zhe)種(zhong)地(di)理(li)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),在(zai)更(geng)寬(kuan)廣(guang)的(de)領(ling)域(yu)內(nei)去(qu)規(gui)劃(hua)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)建(jian)設(she)和(he)改(gai)造(zao)。即(ji)不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)土(tu)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)做(zuo)好(hao)規(gui)劃(hua),同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)應(ying)當(dang)考(kao)慮(lv)通(tong)過(guo)中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)力(li)產(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)把(ba)中(zhong)國(guo)周(zhou)邊(bian)區(qu)域(yu)連(lian)接(jie)起(qi)來(lai),比(bi)如(ru)東(dong)南(nan)亞(ya)、東(dong)南(nan)半(ban)島(dao)等(deng)。所(suo)以(yi),我(wo)們(men)不(bu)是(shi)簡(jian)單(dan)地(di)把(ba)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)具(ju)有(you)競(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)產(chan)業(ye),而(er)是(shi)同(tong)時(shi)要(yao)使(shi)之(zhi)成(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)戰(zhan)略(lve)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)抓(zhua)手(shou)或(huo)工(gong)具(ju)。隨(sui)著(zhe)中(zhong)國(guo)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),基(ji)於(yu)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)產(chan)業(ye)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)向(xiang)海(hai)外(wai)輸(shu)出(chu)。通(tong)過(guo)對(dui)周(zhou)邊(bian)援(yuan)助(zhu)、touzihechengjiangongchengdengfangshi,laidaidongzhongguochanyehezibenshuchu。zheyang,yifangmiankeyishuchuzhongguoguoneiguoshengchanneng,zaiyidingchengdushanghuanjieshengchanguoshengmaodun,tongshiyouyouliyuxingyebiaozhunshuchu、提(ti)高(gao)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)份(fen)額(e),把(ba)它(ta)變(bian)成(cheng)中(zhong)國(guo)整(zheng)合(he)周(zhou)邊(bian)的(de)抓(zhua)手(shou)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)和(he)智(zhi)慧(hui)城(cheng)市(shi)是(shi)緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連(lian)配(pei)套(tao)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de),日(ri)後(hou)隨(sui)著(zhe)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)輸(shu)出(chu),基(ji)於(yu)此(ci)的(de)很(hen)多(duo)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)也(ye)會(hui)隨(sui)之(zhi)輸(shu)出(chu),這(zhe)些(xie)產(chan)業(ye)也(ye)將(jiang)成(cheng)為(wei)未(wei)來(lai)更(geng)大(da)範(fan)圍(wei)區(qu)域(yu)整(zheng)合(he)的(de)工(gong)具(ju)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi),對(dui)外(wai)整(zheng)合(he)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)也(ye)是(shi)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng),對(dui)於(yu)擴(kuo)大(da)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)影(ying)響(xiang)力(li),促(cu)進(jin)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)國(guo)際(ji)化(hua)方(fang)麵(mian)也(ye)意(yi)義(yi)重(zhong)大(da),人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)際(ji)儲(chu)備(bei)貨(huo)幣(bi)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)恰(qia)恰(qia)是(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)周(zhou)邊(bian)地(di)區(qu)。當(dang)年(nian)美(mei)國(guo)通(tong)過(guo)馬(ma)歇(xie)爾(er)計(ji)劃(hua),將(jiang)美(mei)元(yuan)滲(shen)入(ru)到(dao)西(xi)歐(ou)經(jing)濟(ji),為(wei)美(mei)元(yuan)建(jian)立(li)全(quan)球(qiu)貨(huo)幣(bi)的(de)主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)鋪(pu)平(ping)了(le)道(dao)路(lu)。這(zhe)方(fang)麵(mian)中(zhong)國(guo)可(ke)以(yi)借(jie)鑒(jian)美(mei)國(guo)當(dang)年(nian)馬(ma)歇(xie)爾(er)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)經(jing)驗(yan)。事(shi)實(shi)上(shang)人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)已(yi)經(jing)在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)周(zhou)邊(bian)國(guo)家(jia)流(liu)通(tong),並(bing)且(qie)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)該(gai)地(di)區(qu)的(de)民(min)間(jian)儲(chu)備(bei)貨(huo)幣(bi)。因(yin)此(ci),人(ren)民(min)幣(bi)周(zhou)邊(bian)國(guo)際(ji)化(hua)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)的(de)現(xian)實(shi)選(xuan)擇(ze)。而(er)且(qie),中(zhong)國(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)大(da)國(guo),讓(rang)周(zhou)邊(bian)國(guo)家(jia)分(fen)享(xiang)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)果(guo)也(ye)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)穩(wen)定(ding)周(zhou)邊(bian)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)戰(zhan)略(lve)選(xuan)擇(ze)。
第五,以智能電網支撐城市化,解構“氣候外交”。zaikandaizhinengdianwangfazhanzhegewentishang,womenyingdangbayanguangfangdegengyuanxie,zhinengdianwangdezhanlveyiyibujinjinjuxianzaijingjicengmian,haijuyouzhongyaodezhengzhiyiyi。lengzhanjieshuhou,shijiegeguodouyishidao,xiangdankaowulilaiyueshutaguoyijinghennanzuodao。aobamashangtaiyishixianshitichulvsexinzheng,jiezhetichulezhinengdianwanggainian,zhihouyoucanyuqihoutanpan,qishisuoyouzheyiqiewuwaihushiyizhongqihouwaijiao。shibaqihou、環境、能源、電(dian)力(li)放(fang)在(zai)一(yi)體(ti)上(shang)去(qu)考(kao)慮(lv),即(ji)建(jian)立(li)一(yi)種(zhong)美(mei)國(guo)主(zhu)導(dao)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)氣(qi)候(hou)秩(zhi)序(xu),以(yi)此(ci)約(yue)束(shu)別(bie)國(guo),維(wei)護(hu)其(qi)霸(ba)權(quan)地(di)位(wei)。所(suo)以(yi),智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)戰(zhan)略(lve)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)他(ta)們(men)搶(qiang)占(zhan)未(wei)來(lai)低(di)碳(tan)經(jing)濟(ji)製(zhi)高(gao)點(dian)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)戰(zhan)略(lve)措(cuo)施(shi)。中(zhong)國(guo)與(yu)其(qi)他(ta)國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)上(shang)的(de)“角力”,bujinshiyicizongheshiliheqiangzhanweilaiditanjingjizhigaodiandejiaoliang,yeshiyichangguanhuguojiqihouzhixudejiaoliang。zhongguodalifazhanzhinengdianwang,jiangyouliyujianshaotanpaifangliang,shidezhongguozaiqihouwaijiaotanpanzhongyongyougengduodehuayuquan,tongshitongguoyanjiuzhidinghelidenengyuanjiegou,zuohaonengyuanfazhanbuju,yicijianshaofadaguojialiyongqihouwenti(如PM2.5)對中國的製約,解構發達國家對中國的“氣候外交”攻勢。同時要在此基礎上,謀劃更大的戰略意義。
我們認為,在智能電網發展中應當重視以下的幾個關鍵問題:第(di)一(yi),智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)做(zuo)好(hao)規(gui)劃(hua)提(ti)前(qian)布(bu)局(ju)。以(yi)往(wang)中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)網(wang)建(jian)設(she)非(fei)常(chang)被(bei)動(dong),始(shi)終(zhong)尾(wei)隨(sui)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)腳(jiao)步(bu),缺(que)少(shao)對(dui)未(wei)來(lai)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)預(yu)測(ce)和(he)判(pan)斷(duan),以(yi)及(ji)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)規(gui)劃(hua)。所(suo)以(yi),中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)國(guo)家(jia)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan),比(bi)較(jiao)滯(zhi)後(hou)。未(wei)來(lai)智(zhi)能(neng)電(dian)網(wang)發(fa)展(zhan)應(ying)當(dang)具(ju)有(you)先(xian)行(xing)觀(guan)和(he)前(qian)瞻(zhan)性(xing)。另(ling)外(wai),電(dian)網(wang)在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)應(ying)當(dang)從(cong)國(guo)家(jia)整(zheng)體(ti)戰(zhan)略(lve)利(li)益(yi)出(chu)發(fa),如(ru)果(guo)涉(she)及(ji)到(dao)國(guo)家(jia)戰(zhan)略(lve)和(he)市(shi)場(chang)發(fa)生(sheng)衝(chong)突(tu)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang),市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)應(ying)當(dang)服(fu)從(cong)國(guo)家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)安(an)排(pai)。不(bu)管(guan)是(shi)拆(chai)分(fen)還(hai)是(shi)重(zhong)組(zu),應(ying)當(dang)從(cong)國(guo)家(jia)核(he)心(xin)利(li)益(yi)出(chu)發(fa)來(lai)評(ping)價(jia)這(zhe)種(zhong)行(xing)為(wei)是(shi)有(you)所(suo)增(zeng)益(yi),還(hai)是(shi)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)行(xing)業(ye)整(zheng)體(ti)國(guo)際(ji)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)減(jian)弱(ruo)等(deng)相(xiang)關(guan)問(wen)題(ti)。
第di二er,智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de建jian設she要yao抓zhua好hao體ti係xi建jian設she。智zhi能neng電dian網wang畢bi竟jing還hai是shi相xiang對dui新xin興xing的de產chan業ye,短duan期qi內nei經jing濟ji性xing較jiao難nan體ti現xian。事shi實shi上shang,任ren何he一yi個ge單dan一yi的de技ji術shu或huo平ping台tai的de開kai始shi階jie段duan,都dou很hen難nan體ti現xian出chu其qi經jing濟ji效xiao益yi,因yin為wei新xin的de技ji術shu要yao配pei合he舊jiu有you的de體ti係xi來lai加jia以yi實shi現xian。隻zhi有you這zhe個ge技ji術shu發fa展zhan到dao一yi定ding程cheng度du,比bi如ru形xing成cheng了le一yi個ge小xiao體ti係xi的de時shi候hou,其qi經jing濟ji性xing才cai會hui體ti現xian出chu來lai。發fa展zhan智zhi能neng電dian網wang道dao理li也ye一yi樣yang。所suo以yi,智zhi能neng電dian網wang要yao加jia大da投tou入ru,進jin行xing創chuang新xin,做zuo大da做zuo強qiang做zuo豐feng富fu,並bing且qie做zuo好hao體ti係xi建jian設she。隻zhi有you把ba智zhi能neng電dian網wang及ji其qi相xiang關guan產chan業ye做zuo成cheng一yi個ge體ti係xi,新xin型xing的de智zhi能neng電dian網wang作zuo為wei我wo們men能neng源yuan供gong應ying體ti係xi,作zuo為wei骨gu幹gan基ji礎chu設she施shi,它ta的de整zheng體ti經jing濟ji性xing才cai會hui有you重zhong大da體ti現xian。而er且qie,隨sui著zhe技ji術shu的de發fa展zhan,智zhi能neng電dian網wang不bu僅jin僅jin是shi能neng源yuan供gong應ying基ji礎chu網wang絡luo,而er且qie還hai可ke以yi發fa展zhan周zhou邊bian產chan業ye,如ru數shu據ju方fang麵mian的de服fu務wu等deng等deng。
第di三san,智zhi能neng電dian網wang發fa展zhan要yao注zhu意yi安an全quan和he做zuo好hao危wei機ji管guan控kong。雖sui然ran智zhi能neng電dian網wang對dui於yu物wu理li打da擊ji具ju有you一yi定ding的de抵di抗kang能neng力li,但dan是shi抵di抗kang程cheng度du都dou是shi有you限xian的de。未wei來lai在zai電dian網wang係xi統tong的de構gou建jian和he改gai造zao中zhong,特te別bie是shi在zai智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de建jian設she過guo程cheng中zhong,一yi定ding要yao高gao度du重zhong視shi智zhi能neng電dian網wang的de安an全quan問wen題ti。電dian網wang要yao發fa展zhan,還hai要yao學xue會hui注zhu意yi對dui危wei機ji的de控kong製zhi,當dang前qian的de世shi界jie越yue來lai越yue“超限戰”,很多時候,博弈不是直接麵對競爭對手,而是通過不正當競爭的、非fei常chang規gui的de手shou段duan。一yi旦dan被bei國guo外wai的de行xing業ye競jing爭zheng巨ju頭tou抹mo黑hei或huo妖yao魔mo化hua,再zai去qu重zhong新xin洗xi刷shua自zi己ji,成cheng本ben太tai高gao,收shou效xiao難nan定ding,特te別bie是shi可ke能neng導dao致zhi重zhong大da項xiang目mu下xia馬ma,而er造zao成cheng巨ju大da經jing濟ji損sun失shi。以yi中zhong國guo現xian在zai的de地di位wei,早zao已yi成cheng為wei西xi方fang世shi界jie的de攻gong擊ji目mu標biao,他ta們men會hui想xiang方fang設she法fa打da擊ji中zhong國guo,阻zu止zhi中zhong國guo電dian網wang技ji術shu和he設she施shi“走出去”,suoxiaozhongguozaiquanqiujingjizhongdefene。yiner,duiciwentiyeyingdangjuyouqianzhanxing,henduoshiqingshang,zhongguoyingdangxiangdataijiquanyiyang,yisiliangboqianjin,jielidali,zuodaoshibangongbei。
第di四si,中zhong國guo電dian力li和he電dian網wang是shi注zhu定ding要yao建jian設she的de,在zai建jian設she中zhong,把ba環huan境jing問wen題ti納na入ru到dao研yan究jiu範fan圍wei之zhi內nei也ye是shi應ying該gai和he必bi須xu的de,要yao解jie決jue環huan保bao問wen題ti,但dan不bu要yao被bei汙wu染ran等deng問wen題ti綁bang架jia。電dian力li和he電dian網wang係xi統tong要yao解jie決jue的de問wen題ti還hai有you很hen多duo,但dan要yao進jin行xing利li害hai權quan衡heng,不bu能neng因yin為wei一yi點dian小xiao事shi就jiu改gai變bian整zheng個ge戰zhan略lve,更geng不bu要yao把ba什shen麼me東dong西xi都dou裹guo挾xie進jin來lai。