為積極穩妥化解鋼鐵
、水泥、電解鋁、平板玻璃、船舶等行業產能嚴重過剩矛盾，指導其他產能過剩行業的化解工作，國務院近日印發《關於化解產能嚴重過剩矛盾的指導意見》。這是新一屆政府統籌穩增長、調結構
、促轉型，打造中國經濟升級版的又一重大舉措，也是當前和今後一個時期轉變經濟發展方式、推進產業結構調整的工作重點。

　　產(chan)能(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)十(shi)分(fen)突(tu)出(chu)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)，對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)負(fu)麵(mian)作(zuo)用(yong)十(shi)分(fen)明(ming)顯(xian)。產(chan)能(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)使(shi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)處(chu)於(yu)低(di)效(xiao)益(yi)甚(shen)至(zhi)無(wu)效(xiao)益(yi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，同(tong)行(xing)業(ye)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)惡(e)性(xing)競(jing)爭(zheng)
，一(yi)些(xie)出(chu)口(kou)型(xing)企(qi)業(ye)還(hai)將(jiang)這(zhe)種(zhong)低(di)價(jia)競(jing)銷(xiao)策(ce)略(lve)用(yong)到(dao)國(guo)際(ji)市(shi)場(chang)，引(yin)起(qi)貿(mao)易(yi)摩(mo)擦(ca)。因(yin)此(ci)，從(cong)全(quan)局(ju)和(he)長(chang)遠(yuan)來(lai)看(kan)
，都(dou)需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)產(chan)能(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)問(wen)題(ti)給(gei)予(yu)高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視(shi)並(bing)采(cai)取(qu)有(you)效(xiao)措(cuo)施(shi)化(hua)解(jie)治(zhi)理(li)。

　　但是，治理產能過剩
，並不是今天才需要麵對的一個課題。事實上，從上世紀90年nian代dai開kai始shi，產chan能neng過guo剩sheng一yi直zhi是shi困kun擾rao我wo國guo經jing濟ji健jian康kang發fa展zhan的de一yi個ge頑wan症zheng，每mei一yi次ci投tou資zi過guo熱re都dou會hui帶dai來lai產chan能neng過guo剩sheng的de問wen題ti
，這zhe也ye成cheng為wei政zheng府fu經jing濟ji調tiao控kong中zhong一yi個ge重zhong要yao的de方fang向xiang。但dan是shi，20duonianlai
，zaijingjiyunxingdeguochengzhong
，channengguoshengxianxiangquexianruleyigeguaiquan
，zhengceshoudejinyixiejiandaoyidianxiaoguo，zhengcesongyixiechannengguoshengdewentisuizhituxianchulai。yinci，yaohuajiechannengguoshengzheyi“老大難”問題，首先需要解決的是產能過剩的病根在什麼地方。

　　dangyigexingyechanshengjiaoweikeguandeyinglideshihou
，zaishichangqulixiaoyingqushixia
，biranhuiyougeluzibenjinru，congerzaochengchannengguoshengdejumian，ladizibendeyinglishuiping
，shenzhishizhenggexingyechuyuquanmiankuisunzhuangtai。danzaichengshudeshichangjingjihuanjingli

，dangzhezhongxianxiangchuxianyihou
，shichuzhijiangchanshengzuoyong，yixiezishenshilijiaochahuozhezaijingyingzhongshilideqiyehuizidongtuichushichang
，congershizhenggexingyehuiguidaodazhizhengchangdejingjie，zhengfuyongbuzhezaicifangmiancaotaiduodexin。danshi

，woguodechannengguoshengwentibingbuwanquanshishichangdechanwu，zhengfuduijingjiyunxingdeguoduganyushibufenchanyezhengcetuolishiji，zaiguoneishengchanzongzhi（GDP）指揮棒的驅使下
，政府對於產能擴大的熱情比企業更高漲，使市場對企業投資行為的預警作用失靈。

　　因此，化解產能過剩是一個需要探討的問題。國務院《指導意見》確立了化解產能過剩的基本原則：按照尊重規律、分業施策、多管齊下、標本兼治的總原則

，著力加強宏觀調控和市場監管，堅決遏製產能盲目擴張
；著力發揮市鋤製作用，完善配套政策，分別“消化一批、轉移一批、整合一批、淘汰一批”過剩產能；zhelichuangxintizhijizhi，jiakuaizhengfuzhinengzhuanbian
，tuijinchanyezhuanxingshengji。keyikanchu
，zhegejibenyuanzesuiranqiangtiaolefahuishichuzhizuoyong

，danzhengfuhaishibeifuyulegengduodezuoyong。

　　youyuzhengfuduihenduotouzixiangmuyongyoushenpiquan，yinciliyongzhengfulaiguanjinmouxiechannengguoshengxingyedejinruzhamen，youqiyidingdexianshizuoyong。danshi，dangzhengfuzhangwoleduiguoshengchannengjinxingzhilidequanliyihou，shichangdezuoyongjiuhuichuyuciyaodiwei

，shenzhihuibeizhengfuyizhongzhongliyoujiayixianzhi。woguozhengfuduihenduoxingyedoujianlilezhunrujizhi
，xianzaisuiranzhengzaiduicijinxinggaige
，kuodaminyingzibenjinrutouzilingyudedamen。danshi，zheyiranshiyouzhengfuzaiguanlishichangshishizaoyizhengming
，zhengfudeyanguangbingbubiqiyelaidegenggaoming，zhengfujuecedaitileshichuzhiyihou
，zuizhongdejieguobianshizaodao“市場的報複”，產能過剩隻是其中的一個方麵。

　　yinci
，huajiechannengguoshengwenti，gengyouxiaodetujingshirangzhengfutuichuduiweiguanjingjideguoduoganyu，yunyongshichangdejingzhengjizhilairangguoshengchannengbeitaotai。zaizhefangmian，ganggangchenglideshanghaizimaoqusuoshixingdefumianqingdanguanlimoshikeyigeiyiqifa。zhengfubuzaiduiqingdanzhiwaidetouzixiangmujinxingshenpi，zuijinzimaoquneiqiyezhucezhixianshangsheng。zheshifouhuizaochengzimaoquneimouzhongxingyedechannengguosheng？zhengfuyongbuzhecaozhezhongxin，yinweizhezhongqingkuangjishifasheng
，shichangdezuoyongyehuidaobiguoshengdechannengxunzhaolingwaidechulu。

　　當然
，用市場的力量來化解產能過剩問題，並不是說政府可以在市場上當“甩手掌櫃”，而(er)是(shi)需(xu)要(yao)政(zheng)府(fu)改(gai)變(bian)舊(jiu)有(you)的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)觀(guan)念(nian)
，不(bu)再(zai)利(li)用(yong)手(shou)中(zhong)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)權(quan)幹(gan)預(yu)市(shi)場(chang)，這(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)求(qiu)政(zheng)府(fu)抑(yi)製(zhi)新(xin)批(pi)投(tou)資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)衝(chong)動(dong)
，更(geng)要(yao)求(qiu)政(zheng)府(fu)不(bu)再(zai)利(li)用(yong)準(zhun)入(ru)機(ji)製(zhi)來(lai)限(xian)製(zhi)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)進(jin)入(ru)。政(zheng)府(fu)需(xu)要(yao)做(zuo)的(de)是(shi)運(yun)用(yong)法(fa)規(gui)來(lai)監(jian)管(guan)行(xing)業(ye)，加(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)保(bao)能(neng)耗(hao)安(an)全(quan)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)方(fang)麵(mian)的(de)監(jian)督(du)。對(dui)於(yu)產(chan)能(neng)過(guo)剩(sheng)行(xing)業(ye)
，政(zheng)府(fu)要(yao)積(ji)極(ji)創(chuang)造(zao)公(gong)平(ping)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)環(huan)境(jing)
，讓(rang)企(qi)業(ye)更(geng)多(duo)地(di)利(li)用(yong)資(zi)本(ben)並(bing)購(gou)等(deng)手(shou)段(duan)實(shi)現(xian)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，而(er)不(bu)是(shi)簡(jian)單(dan)地(di)用(yong)行(xing)政(zheng)命(ming)令(ling)來(lai)推(tui)動(dong)關(guan)停(ting)並(bing)轉(zhuan)。