http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-26 17:10:46 來源:電氣自動化技術
韓亞航空航班在舊金山降落墜毀事故已經引起廣泛的社會擔憂。空難事故正通過黑匣子、控kong製zhi塔ta音yin頻pin和he其qi他ta信xin息xi以yi確que定ding失shi事shi原yuan因yin。從cong初chu步bu的de數shu據ju來lai看kan,並bing未wei發fa現xian飛fei機ji有you技ji術shu缺que陷xian,初chu步bu判pan斷duan發fa動dong機ji也ye沒mei有you異yi常chang。事shi故gu原yuan因yin目mu前qian指zhi向xiang了le駕jia駛shi員yuan存cun在zai駕jia駛shi經jing驗yan欠qian缺que的de可ke能neng,駕jia駛shi員yuan過guo分fen依yi賴lai自zi動dong化hua飛fei行xing控kong製zhi係xi統tong,導dao致zhi降jiang落luo意yi外wai事shi故gu發fa生sheng時shi,未wei能neng作zuo出chu迅xun速su妥tuo善shan反fan應ying處chu理li。
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高度自動化引起了一個現象:操cao作zuo的de工gong人ren容rong易yi使shi操cao作zuo工gong產chan生sheng麻ma痹bi和he懈xie怠dai,並bing忽hu視shi潛qian移yi默mo化hua的de重zhong大da異yi常chang征zheng兆zhao。一yi旦dan出chu現xian明ming顯xian異yi常chang的de情qing況kuang的de時shi候hou,通tong常chang已yi經jing過guo了le處chu理li問wen題ti的de最zui佳jia時shi間jian。由you於yu這zhe樣yang的de異yi常chang情qing況kuang很hen少shao見jian,和he平ping時shi正zheng常chang情qing況kuang的de反fan差cha太tai大da,心xin理li素su質zhi不bu特te別bie好hao的de操cao作zuo工gong常chang常chang不bu能neng正zheng確que處chu理li,像xiang平ping常chang一yi樣yang繼ji續xu依yi賴lai自zi動dong化hua係xi統tong替ti他ta解jie圍wei,無wu法fa正zheng確que判pan定ding這zhe已yi經jing超chao出chu自zi動dong化hua係xi統tong的de能neng力li範fan圍wei,從cong而er造zao成cheng故gu障zhang升sheng級ji,甚shen至zhi演yan變bian成cheng災zai難nan性xing的de事shi故gu。
相反,自動化程度不高的話,操作工時時刻刻需要對過程“把脈”,容易察覺異常現象的蛛絲馬跡,反而不容易出現故障升級現象。對自動化係統過度依賴、不能正確判別和處理自動化係統失控的狀態,引申至工業生產,這已經成為工業界普通感到頭疼的問題。工業上通常使用仿真係統(也稱模擬器)訓xun練lian操cao作zuo工gong的de異yi常chang情qing況kuang處chu理li,但dan訓xun練lian的de成cheng功gong與yu否fou取qu決jue於yu是shi否fou能neng正zheng確que預yu測ce典dian型xing異yi常chang情qing況kuang,超chao出chu訓xun練lian課ke程cheng的de異yi常chang情qing況kuang依yi然ran要yao靠kao操cao作zuo工gong隨sui機ji應ying變bian,但dan高gao度du自zi動dong化hua係xi統tong非fei常chang容rong易yi鈍dun化hua人ren的de隨sui機ji應ying變bian能neng力li。
還有一個問題是高度自動化後工作負荷高度集中。在手動操作時代,很多操作工分兵把守,各自為陣。自動化之後,很多機械的、重複的工作被自動化係統取代了,操作工在更高的層次監控自動化係統。在體力上,這更加輕鬆;但信息量實際上大大增加,需要關注的事情多得多。
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