http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-26 15:49:48 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
編者的話:當前,無論是世界經濟結構調整、發展模式轉型所形成的“倒逼”jizhi,haishiwoguojiakuaizhuanbianjingjifazhanfangshidexianshixuyao,douduichanyefazhantichulegenggaodeyaoqiu。name,zaizheyangdeguojiguoneidabeijingxia,woguochanyefazhanyinggaixuanzezenyangdefazhanlujing?ruhezhunquebawochanyebiangexindongxiang?guojiafazhanhegaigeweiyuanhuijingjiyanjiusuozengzhengboshiduicijinxingleshenrufenxi。
(一)
全球經濟產業格局將發生新的變化:一是回歸實體經濟;二是重塑平衡狀態;三是將催生新一輪產業革命;四是鎖定“低碳經濟”和“綠色增長”。
此輪國際金融危機給全球經濟和產業格局帶來了新的變化,可以把這種變化歸為以下4個方麵:一是世界經濟發展重心將回歸實體經濟領域;二是世界經濟結構將逐步重塑平衡狀態;三是世界經濟格局變動將催生新一輪產業革命;四是世界經濟發展主題將鎖定“低碳經濟”和“綠色增長”。第一個變化要求我國加快從“製造大國”轉向“製造強國”,在促進傳統製造業實現功能和工藝升級的基礎上,開拓和發展新興製造業領域;第二個變化要求我國加快改變現有低水平的外向型經濟發展模式,實現產業在全球價值鏈上的動態攀升;第三個變化要求我國加快從“引進吸收”轉向“自主創新”,通過功能性產業政策和導向性產業政策並行實施,加速推進新一輪產業革命;第四個變化要求我國加快轉向“綠色模式”,congguojiacengmianzhidingditanjingjifazhanzhanlve,cujinditanxiangguanchanyedefazhan。zaiquanqiujingjihechanyegejubiandongdebeijingxia,zhuanbianjingjifazhanfangshideneirongbixushiyingwaibujingjihuanjingdebianhua,shixianguoneichanyetiaozhengyuguojijingjigejubiangeyouxiaoqihe。
(二)
未來產業發展將呈現兩大抓手:一是適應需求結構變化趨勢,加快推進傳統產業技術改造;二是科學判斷未來市場需求變化和技術發展趨勢,加快發展戰略性新興產業。
麵對當前複雜的國際國內形勢,我國未來產業發展將逐步呈現出兩大抓手,一是適應需求結構變化趨勢,加快推進傳統產業技術改造;二er是shi科ke學xue判pan斷duan未wei來lai市shi場chang需xu求qiu變bian化hua和he技ji術shu發fa展zhan趨qu勢shi,加jia快kuai發fa展zhan戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye。而er當dang前qian全quan球qiu經jing濟ji競jing爭zheng格ge局ju正zheng在zai發fa生sheng深shen刻ke變bian革ge,科ke技ji發fa展zhan正zheng孕yun育yu著zhe新xin的de革ge命ming性xing突tu破po,發fa展zhan戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye已yi成cheng為wei世shi界jie主zhu要yao國guo家jia搶qiang占zhan新xin一yi輪lun經jing濟ji和he科ke技ji發fa展zhan製zhi高gao點dian的de重zhong大da戰zhan略lve。我wo國guo要yao實shi現xian更geng長chang時shi期qi、更高水平、更好質量的發展,必須加快培育和發展戰略性新興產業,增強自主發展能力。
jinyibukan,guojijinrongweijifashengyilai,youyuwaibuxuqiudexunsuweisuo,woguozhengtijingjipingwenfazhanshoudaolechongji,chuantongjingjifazhanmoshiyizoudaojintou,jiakuaizhuanbianfazhanfangshi、peiyujingjifazhanxindezhichengliliangkeburonghuan。erzhanlvexingxinxingchanyeyichuangxinweizhuyaoqudongli,fushedaidongliqiang。peiyufazhanzhanlvexingxinxingchanye,bujinnengyouxiaogaishangonggeijiegou,genghaodimanzushichangxuqiu,erqienenggouchuangzaochuxindeshichangxuqiu,peiyuzhuangdaxindezengchangdian,xingchengxindejingjizhichengliliang,tixianletiaozhengyouhuachanyejiegoudegenbenyaoqiu,shijiakuaizhuanbianjingjifazhanfangshidezhongyaohuanjie。
此ci外wai,科ke技ji進jin步bu和he自zi主zhu創chuang新xin也ye對dui產chan業ye發fa展zhan提ti出chu了le更geng高gao的de要yao求qiu。多duo年nian以yi來lai,我wo國guo積ji極ji利li用yong國guo外wai資zi本ben和he國guo外wai市shi場chang,通tong過guo吸xi收shou外wai資zi引yin進jin國guo外wai技ji術shu,實shi現xian產chan業ye鏈lian的de工gong藝yi和he流liu程cheng升sheng級ji,從cong而er增zeng強qiang產chan品pin的de價jia格ge競jing爭zheng力li,維wei持chi“低成本製造業大國”的de地di位wei。然ran而er,隨sui著zhe我wo國guo產chan業ye的de進jin一yi步bu發fa展zhan,以yi引yin進jin和he吸xi收shou為wei主zhu要yao途tu徑jing的de技ji術shu進jin步bu方fang式shi越yue來lai越yue難nan以yi適shi應ying產chan業ye結jie構gou優you化hua戰zhan略lve的de需xu要yao,如ru何he實shi現xian產chan業ye的de功gong能neng升sheng級ji和he產chan品pin升sheng級ji成cheng為wei當dang下xia我wo國guo產chan業ye結jie構gou優you化hua升sheng級ji的de緊jin迫po任ren務wu。因yin此ci,“十二五”時shi期qi,科ke技ji進jin步bu和he自zi主zhu創chuang新xin成cheng為wei我wo國guo轉zhuan變bian經jing濟ji發fa展zhan方fang式shi的de重zhong要yao支zhi撐cheng,培pei育yu戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye成cheng為wei我wo國guo產chan業ye結jie構gou戰zhan略lve性xing調tiao整zheng的de主zhu攻gong方fang向xiang之zhi一yi。
(三)
對於我國產業發展實際而言,未來產業發展趨勢是戰略性新興產業發展必須考慮的一個層麵。
首先,培育戰略性新興產業符合產業技術高端化的發展趨勢。從上世紀90年nian代dai以yi來lai,特te別bie是shi加jia入ru世shi界jie貿mao易yi組zu織zhi之zhi後hou,我wo國guo參can與yu全quan球qiu分fen工gong的de程cheng度du逐zhu步bu加jia深shen,貿mao易yi結jie構gou有you了le較jiao大da優you化hua。但dan是shi,我wo國guo參can與yu全quan球qiu分fen工gong的de比bi較jiao優you勢shi仍reng然ran在zai於yu勞lao動dong力li成cheng本ben優you勢shi,低di成cheng本ben的de競jing爭zheng模mo式shi使shi得de我wo國guo在zai全quan球qiu價jia值zhi鏈lian分fen工gong體ti係xi中zhong始shi終zhong處chu於yu低di端duan地di位wei,這zhe直zhi接jie危wei及ji我wo國guo未wei來lai產chan業ye的de持chi續xu發fa展zhan動dong力li。究jiu其qi原yuan因yin,我wo國guo很hen多duo原yuan材cai料liao技ji術shu以yi及ji製zhi造zao業ye裝zhuang備bei技ji術shu都dou受shou製zhi於yu人ren,難nan以yi有you效xiao掌zhang控kong全quan球qiu價jia值zhi鏈lian的de生sheng成cheng和he延yan展zhan。由you此ci,產chan業ye發fa展zhan高gao端duan化hua成cheng為wei未wei來lai我wo國guo產chan業ye升sheng級ji的de關guan鍵jian因yin素su,而er高gao端duan裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao和he新xin材cai料liao產chan業ye成cheng為wei我wo國guo戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye的de兩liang個ge重zhong點dian領ling域yu。
qici,peiyuzhanlvexingxinxingchanyefuhechanyejiegoufuwuhuadefazhanqushi。fuwuyeshineixuqianlizuidadechanye,fuwuyedequanmianfazhanshiwoguochanyejiegouyouhuashengjidezhelidianzhiyi,chanyefazhandefuwuhuajiangchengweiwoguojingjifazhanfangshizhuanbiandeyigezhongyaocengmian。duiyushenghuozhiliangzhubutigaohelaolinghuawentiriqutuchudewoguoeryan,yishengmingjishuheshengwujishuweixiandaodejiankangfuwuyedaibiaolewoguoshenghuofuwuyedefazhanfangxiang,eryixinxijishuweihexindexiandaifuwuyezedaibiaolewoguoshengchanxingfuwuyefazhandefangxiang。jiyuzhexiekaolv,shengwuchanyehexinyidaixinxijishuchengweiqidazhanlvexingxinxingchanyezhiyi,tamenshilianjiexianjinzhizaoyehexiandaifuwuyedeguanlianxingchanyelingyu。
同tong時shi,培pei育yu戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye符fu合he產chan業ye投tou入ru低di碳tan化hua的de發fa展zhan趨qu勢shi。近jin年nian來lai,我wo國guo產chan業ye發fa展zhan呈cheng現xian出chu顯xian著zhu的de重zhong化hua工gong業ye化hua的de特te征zheng和he趨qu勢shi,資zi源yuan環huan境jing受shou到dao了le很hen大da的de壓ya力li。而er城cheng鎮zhen化hua進jin程cheng不bu斷duan推tui進jin,以yi化hua石shi能neng源yuan大da量liang消xiao耗hao為wei動dong因yin的de碳tan排pai放fang逐zhu步bu增zeng加jia,對dui資zi源yuan環huan境jing造zao成cheng了le較jiao大da的de負fu麵mian影ying響xiang。如ru何he實shi現xian產chan業ye發fa展zhan和he人ren民min生sheng活huo低di碳tan化hua成cheng為wei我wo國guo經jing濟ji社she會hui發fa展zhan急ji需xu解jie決jue的de問wen題ti。由you此ci,低di碳tan產chan業ye成cheng為wei未wei來lai產chan業ye發fa展zhan新xin的de增zeng長chang點dian,節jie能neng環huan保bao產chan業ye、新能源產業和新能源汽車產業成為我國培育戰略性新興產業的3個重點。
此(ci)外(wai),培(pei)育(yu)戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)新(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)符(fu)合(he)產(chan)業(ye)融(rong)合(he)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢(shi)。目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)國(guo)尚(shang)處(chu)於(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)中(zhong)期(qi)的(de)後(hou)半(ban)階(jie)段(duan),工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)任(ren)務(wu)遠(yuan)未(wei)完(wan)成(cheng)。世(shi)界(jie)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)高(gao)度(du)發(fa)達(da)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)以(yi)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)帶(dai)動(dong)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua),以(yi)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)促(cu)進(jin)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua),推(tui)進(jin)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)融(rong)合(he),走(zou)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)道(dao)路(lu)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)機(ji)遇(yu)。因(yin)此(ci),新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)成(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)7大戰略性新興產業中重要的領域之一。
(四)
從本質上來說,發展戰略性新興產業的核心是“創新驅動”,這意味著發展戰略性新興產業要走出一條與傳統產業發展不同的路徑。
結合中央對戰略性新興產業發展的政策及各地的實際做法,談幾點個人的看法。
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