http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-26 15:30:49 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
水是生命之源、生產之要、生態之基。興水利、除水害,事關人類生存、經濟發展、社(she)會(hui)進(jin)步(bu),曆(li)來(lai)是(shi)治(zhi)國(guo)安(an)邦(bang)的(de)大(da)事(shi)。促(cu)進(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)長(chang)期(qi)平(ping)穩(wen)較(jiao)快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)社(she)會(hui)和(he)諧(xie)穩(wen)定(ding),奪(duo)取(qu)全(quan)麵(mian)建(jian)設(she)小(xiao)康(kang)社(she)會(hui)新(xin)勝(sheng)利(li),必(bi)須(xu)下(xia)決(jue)心(xin)加(jia)快(kuai)水(shui)利(li)發(fa)展(zhan),切(qie)實(shi)增(zeng)強(qiang)水(shui)利(li)支(zhi)撐(cheng)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)力(li),實(shi)現(xian)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)利(li)用(yong)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)我(wo)國(guo)頻(pin)繁(fan)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)嚴(yan)重(zhong)水(shui)旱(han)災(zai)害(hai),造(zao)成(cheng)重(zhong)大(da)生(sheng)命(ming)財(cai)產(chan)損(sun)失(shi),暴(bao)露(lu)出(chu)農(nong)田(tian)水(shui)利(li)等(deng)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)十(shi)分(fen)薄(bo)弱(ruo),必(bi)須(xu)大(da)力(li)加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)利(li)建(jian)設(she)。現(xian)就(jiu)加(jia)快(kuai)水(shui)利(li)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan),作(zuo)出(chu)如(ru)下(xia)決(jue)定(ding)。
一、新形勢下水利的戰略地位
(一)shuilimianlindexinxingshi。xinzhongguochengliyilai,tebieshigaigekaifangyilai,dangheguojiashizhonggaoduzhongshishuiligongzuo,lingdaorenminkaizhanleqizhuangshanhedeshuilijianshe,qudelejushizhumudejudachengjiu,weijingjishehuifazhan、人民安居樂業作出了突出貢獻。但必須看到,人多水少、shuiziyuanshikongfenbubujunshiwoguodejibenguoqingshuiqing。honglaozaihaipinfanrengranshizhonghuaminzudexinfudahuan,shuiziyuangongxumaoduntuchurengranshikechixufazhandezhuyaopingjing,nongtianshuilijianshezhihourengranshiyingxiangnongyewendingfazhanheguojialiangshianquandezuidayingshang,shuilisheshiboruorengranshiguojiajichusheshidemingxianduanban。suizhegongyehua、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)深(shen)入(ru)發(fa)展(zhan),全(quan)球(qiu)氣(qi)候(hou)變(bian)化(hua)影(ying)響(xiang)加(jia)大(da),我(wo)國(guo)水(shui)利(li)麵(mian)臨(lin)的(de)形(xing)勢(shi)更(geng)趨(qu)嚴(yan)峻(jun),增(zeng)強(qiang)防(fang)災(zai)減(jian)災(zai)能(neng)力(li)要(yao)求(qiu)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)迫(po)切(qie),強(qiang)化(hua)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)繁(fan)重(zhong),加(jia)快(kuai)扭(niu)轉(zhuan)農(nong)業(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)“靠天吃飯”局麵任務越來越艱巨。2010年西南地區發生特大幹旱、多數省區市遭受洪澇災害、部分地方突發嚴重山洪泥石流,再次警示我們加快水利建設刻不容緩。
(二)新(xin)形(xing)勢(shi)下(xia)水(shui)利(li)的(de)地(di)位(wei)和(he)作(zuo)用(yong)。水(shui)利(li)是(shi)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)業(ye)建(jian)設(she)不(bu)可(ke)或(huo)缺(que)的(de)首(shou)要(yao)條(tiao)件(jian),是(shi)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)可(ke)替(ti)代(dai)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)支(zhi)撐(cheng),是(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)改(gai)善(shan)不(bu)可(ke)分(fen)割(ge)的(de)保(bao)障(zhang)係(xi)統(tong),具(ju)有(you)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)公(gong)益(yi)性(xing)、基礎性、戰略性。加快水利改革發展,不僅事關農業農村發展,而且事關經濟社會發展全局;不僅關係到防洪安全、供水安全、糧食安全,而且關係到經濟安全、生態安全、國家安全。要把水利工作擺上黨和國家事業發展更加突出的位置,著力加快農田水利建設,推動水利實現跨越式發展。
二、水利改革發展的指導思想、目標任務和基本原則
(三)指導思想。全麵貫徹黨的十七大和十七屆三中、四中、五中全會精神,以鄧小平理論和“三個代表”重zhong要yao思si想xiang為wei指zhi導dao,深shen入ru貫guan徹che落luo實shi科ke學xue發fa展zhan觀guan,把ba水shui利li作zuo為wei國guo家jia基ji礎chu設she施shi建jian設she的de優you先xian領ling域yu,把ba農nong田tian水shui利li作zuo為wei農nong村cun基ji礎chu設she施shi建jian設she的de重zhong點dian任ren務wu,把ba嚴yan格ge水shui資zi源yuan管guan理li作zuo為wei加jia快kuai轉zhuan變bian經jing濟ji發fa展zhan方fang式shi的de戰zhan略lve舉ju措cuo,注zhu重zhong科ke學xue治zhi水shui、依(yi)法(fa)治(zhi)水(shui),突(tu)出(chu)加(jia)強(qiang)薄(bo)弱(ruo)環(huan)節(jie)建(jian)設(she),大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)民(min)生(sheng)水(shui)利(li),不(bu)斷(duan)深(shen)化(hua)水(shui)利(li)改(gai)革(ge),加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)節(jie)水(shui)型(xing)社(she)會(hui),促(cu)進(jin)水(shui)利(li)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan),努(nu)力(li)走(zou)出(chu)一(yi)條(tiao)中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)色(se)水(shui)利(li)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)道(dao)路(lu)。
(四)目標任務。力爭通過5年到10年努力,從根本上扭轉水利建設明顯滯後的局麵。到2020年,基本建成防洪抗旱減災體係,重點城市和防洪保護區防洪能力明顯提高,抗旱能力顯著增強,“十二五”期間基本完成重點中小河流(包括大江大河支流、獨流入海河流和內陸河流)重要河段治理、全麵完成小型水庫除險加固和山洪災害易發區預警預報係統建設;基本建成水資源合理配置和高效利用體係,全國年用水總量力爭控製在6700億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)以(yi)內(nei),城(cheng)鄉(xiang)供(gong)水(shui)保(bao)證(zheng)率(lv)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao),城(cheng)鄉(xiang)居(ju)民(min)飲(yin)水(shui)安(an)全(quan)得(de)到(dao)全(quan)麵(mian)保(bao)障(zhang),萬(wan)元(yuan)國(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)總(zong)值(zhi)和(he)萬(wan)元(yuan)工(gong)業(ye)增(zeng)加(jia)值(zhi)用(yong)水(shui)量(liang)明(ming)顯(xian)降(jiang)低(di),農(nong)田(tian)灌(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)有(you)效(xiao)利(li)用(yong)係(xi)數(shu)提(ti)高(gao)到(dao)0.55以上,“十二五”期間新增農田有效灌溉麵積4000萬畝;jibenjianchengshuiziyuanbaohuhehehujiankangbaozhangtixi,zhuyaojianghehuboshuigongnengqushuizhimingxiangaishan,chengzhengongshuishuiyuandishuizhiquanmiandabiao,zhongdianquyushuituliushidedaoyouxiaozhili,dixiashuichaocaijibenezhi;基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)成(cheng)有(you)利(li)於(yu)水(shui)利(li)科(ke)學(xue)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)體(ti)係(xi),最(zui)嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)製(zhi)度(du)基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)立(li),水(shui)利(li)投(tou)入(ru)穩(wen)定(ding)增(zeng)長(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善(shan),有(you)利(li)於(yu)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)和(he)合(he)理(li)配(pei)置(zhi)的(de)水(shui)價(jia)形(xing)成(cheng)機(ji)製(zhi)基(ji)本(ben)建(jian)立(li),水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)良(liang)性(xing)運(yun)行(xing)機(ji)製(zhi)基(ji)本(ben)形(xing)成(cheng)。
(五)基ji本ben原yuan則ze。一yi要yao堅jian持chi民min生sheng優you先xian。著zhe力li解jie決jue群qun眾zhong最zui關guan心xin最zui直zhi接jie最zui現xian實shi的de水shui利li問wen題ti,推tui動dong民min生sheng水shui利li新xin發fa展zhan。二er要yao堅jian持chi統tong籌chou兼jian顧gu。注zhu重zhong興xing利li除chu害hai結jie合he、防災減災並重、治標治本兼顧,促進流域與區域、城市與農村、東中西部地區水利協調發展。三要堅持人水和諧。順應自然規律和社會發展規律,合理開發、優化配置、全麵節約、有you效xiao保bao護hu水shui資zi源yuan。四si要yao堅jian持chi政zheng府fu主zhu導dao。發fa揮hui公gong共gong財cai政zheng對dui水shui利li發fa展zhan的de保bao障zhang作zuo用yong,形xing成cheng政zheng府fu社she會hui協xie同tong治zhi水shui興xing水shui合he力li。五wu要yao堅jian持chi改gai革ge創chuang新xin。加jia快kuai水shui利li重zhong點dian領ling域yu和he關guan鍵jian環huan節jie改gai革ge攻gong堅jian,破po解jie製zhi約yue水shui利li發fa展zhan的de體ti製zhi機ji製zhi障zhang礙ai。
三、突出加強農田水利等薄弱環節建設
(六)大興農田水利建設。到2020年,基本完成大型灌區、zhongdianzhongxingguanquxujianpeitaohejieshuigaizaorenwu。jiehequanguoxinzengqianyijinliangshishengchannengliguihuashishi,zaishuituziyuantiaojianjubeidediqu,xinjianyipiguanqu,zengjianongtianyouxiaoguangaimianji。shishidazhongxingguangaipaishuibengzhangengxingaizao,jiaqiangzhongdianlaoquzhili,wanshanguanpaitixi。jianquannongtianshuilijianshexinjizhi,zhongyangheshengjicaizhengyaodafuzengjiazhuanxiangbuzhuzijin,shi、xianliangjizhengfuyeyaoqieshizengjianongtianshuilijianshetouru,yindaonongminziyuantougongtoulao。jiakuaituijinxiaoxingnongtianshuilizhongdianxianjianshe,youxiananpaichanliangdaxian,jiaqiangguanqumojiquxijianshehetianjiangongchengpeitao,cujinhanlaobaoshougaobiaozhunnongtianjianshe。yindizhiyixingjianzhongxiaoxingshuilisheshi,zhichishanqiuquxiaoshuijiao、小水池、小塘壩、小泵站、小水渠等“五小水利”工程建設,重點向革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區傾斜。大力發展節水灌溉,推廣渠道防滲、管道輸水、噴灌滴灌等技術,擴大節水、抗旱設備補貼範圍。積極發展旱作農業,采用地膜覆蓋、深鬆深耕、保護性耕作等技術。穩步發展牧區水利,建設節水高效灌溉飼草料地。
(七)加快中小河流治理和小型水庫除險加固。中小河流治理要優先安排洪澇災害易發、保護區人口密集、保(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)河(he)流(liu)及(ji)河(he)段(duan),加(jia)固(gu)堤(di)岸(an),清(qing)淤(yu)疏(shu)浚(jun),使(shi)治(zhi)理(li)河(he)段(duan)基(ji)本(ben)達(da)到(dao)國(guo)家(jia)防(fang)洪(hong)標(biao)準(zhun)。鞏(gong)固(gu)大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)病(bing)險(xian)水(shui)庫(ku)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)成(cheng)果(guo),加(jia)快(kuai)小(xiao)型(xing)病(bing)險(xian)水(shui)庫(ku)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)步(bu)伐(fa),盡(jin)快(kuai)消(xiao)除(chu)水(shui)庫(ku)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan),恢(hui)複(fu)防(fang)洪(hong)庫(ku)容(rong),增(zeng)強(qiang)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)調(tiao)控(kong)能(neng)力(li)。推(tui)進(jin)大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)病(bing)險(xian)水(shui)閘(zha)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)。山(shan)洪(hong)地(di)質(zhi)災(zai)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)工(gong)程(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)和(he)非(fei)工(gong)程(cheng)措(cuo)施(shi)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he),抓(zhua)緊(jin)完(wan)善(shan)專(zhuan)群(qun)結(jie)合(he)的(de)監(jian)測(ce)預(yu)警(jing)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)快(kuai)實(shi)施(shi)防(fang)災(zai)避(bi)讓(rang)和(he)重(zhong)點(dian)治(zhi)理(li)。
(八)抓zhua緊jin解jie決jue工gong程cheng性xing缺que水shui問wen題ti。加jia快kuai推tui進jin西xi南nan等deng工gong程cheng性xing缺que水shui地di區qu重zhong點dian水shui源yuan工gong程cheng建jian設she,堅jian持chi蓄xu引yin提ti與yu合he理li開kai采cai地di下xia水shui相xiang結jie合he,以yi縣xian域yu為wei單dan元yuan,盡jin快kuai建jian設she一yi批pi中zhong小xiao型xing水shui庫ku、引提水和連通工程,支持農民興建小微型水利設施,顯著提高雨洪資源利用和供水保障能力,基本解決缺水城鎮、人口較集中鄉村的供水問題。
(九)提高防汛抗旱應急能力。盡快健全防汛抗旱統一指揮、分級負責、部門協作、反應迅速、協調有序、運yun轉zhuan高gao效xiao的de應ying急ji管guan理li機ji製zhi。加jia強qiang監jian測ce預yu警jing能neng力li建jian設she,加jia大da投tou入ru,整zheng合he資zi源yuan,提ti高gao雨yu情qing汛xun情qing旱han情qing預yu報bao水shui平ping。建jian立li專zhuan業ye化hua與yu社she會hui化hua相xiang結jie合he的de應ying急ji搶qiang險xian救jiu援yuan隊dui伍wu,著zhe力li推tui進jin縣xian鄉xiang兩liang級ji防fang汛xun抗kang旱han服fu務wu組zu織zhi建jian設she,健jian全quan應ying急ji搶qiang險xian物wu資zi儲chu備bei體ti係xi,完wan善shan應ying急ji預yu案an。建jian設she一yi批pi規gui模mo合he理li、標準適度的抗旱應急水源工程,建立應對特大幹旱和突發水安全事件的水源儲備製度。加強人工增雨(雪)作業示範區建設,科學開發利用空中雲水資源。
(十)繼續推進農村飲水安全建設。到2013年解決規劃內農村飲水安全問題,“十二五”期(qi)間(jian)基(ji)本(ben)解(jie)決(jue)新(xin)增(zeng)農(nong)村(cun)飲(yin)水(shui)不(bu)安(an)全(quan)人(ren)口(kou)的(de)飲(yin)水(shui)問(wen)題(ti)。積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)進(jin)集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)水(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she),提(ti)高(gao)農(nong)村(cun)自(zi)來(lai)水(shui)普(pu)及(ji)率(lv)。有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)地(di)方(fang)延(yan)伸(shen)集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)水(shui)管(guan)網(wang),發(fa)展(zhan)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)供(gong)水(shui)。加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)村(cun)飲(yin)水(shui)安(an)全(quan)工(gong)程(cheng)運(yun)行(xing)管(guan)理(li),落(luo)實(shi)管(guan)護(hu)主(zhu)體(ti),加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)水(shui)質(zhi)監(jian)測(ce),確(que)保(bao)工(gong)程(cheng)長(chang)期(qi)發(fa)揮(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)。製(zhi)定(ding)支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)村(cun)飲(yin)水(shui)安(an)全(quan)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)的(de)用(yong)地(di)政(zheng)策(ce),確(que)保(bao)土(tu)地(di)供(gong)應(ying),對(dui)建(jian)設(she)、運行給予稅收優惠,供水用電執行居民生活或農業排灌用電價格。
四、全麵加快水利基礎設施建設
(十一)jixushishidajiangdahezhili。jinyibuzhilihuaihe,gaohaohuanghexiayouzhilihechangjiangzhongxiayouheshikongzhi,jixutuijinzhuyaojianghehedaozhengzhihedifangjianshe,jiaqiangtaihu、洞庭湖、鄱陽湖綜合治理,全麵加快蓄滯洪區建設,合理安排居民遷建。搞好黃河下遊灘區安全建設。“十二五”qijianzhuajinjiansheyipiliuyufanghongkongzhixingshuilishuniugongcheng,buduantigaotiaoxuhongshuinengli。jiaqiangchengshifanghongpailaogongchengjianshe,tigaochengshipailaobiaozhun。tuijinhaidijianshehekuajieheliuzhengzhi。
(十二)jiaqiangshuiziyuanpeizhigongchengjianshe。wanshanyouhuashuiziyuanzhanlvepeizhigeju,zaibaohushengtaiqiantixia,jinkuaijiansheyipiguganshuiyuangongchenghehehushuixiliantonggongcheng,tigaoshuiziyuantiaokongshuipinghegongshuibaozhangnengli。jiakuaituijinnanshuibeitiaodongzhongxianyiqigongchengjipeitaogongchengjianshe,quebaogongchengzhiliang,shishikaizhannanshuibeitiaoxixiangongchengqianqiyanjiu。jijituijinyipikualiuyu、區域調水工程建設。著力解決西北等地區資源性缺水問題。大力推進汙水處理回用,積極開展海水淡化和綜合利用,高度重視雨水、微鹹水利用。
(十三)搞好水土保持和水生態保護。實施國家水土保持重點工程,采取小流域綜合治理、淤地壩建設、坡耕地整治、造林綠化、生態修複等措施,有效防治水土流失。進一步加強長江上中遊、黃河上中遊、西南石漠化地區、dongbeiheituqudengzhongdianquyujishanhongdizhizaihaiyifaqudeshuituliushifangzhi。jixutuijinshengtaicuiruoheliuhediqushuishengtaixiufu,jiakuaiwuranyanzhongjianghehuboshuihuanjingzhili。jiaqiangzhongyaoshengtaibaohuqu、水源涵養區、江河源頭區、濕地的保護。實施農村河道綜合整治,大力開展生態清潔型小流域建設。強化生產建設項目水土保持監督管理。建立健全水土保持、建設項目占用水利設施和水域等補償製度。
(十四)合理開發水能資源。在保護生態和農民利益前提下,加快水能資源開發利用。統籌兼顧防洪、灌溉、供水、發電、航(hang)運(yun)等(deng)功(gong)能(neng),科(ke)學(xue)製(zhi)定(ding)規(gui)劃(hua),積(ji)極(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)電(dian),加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li),規(gui)範(fan)開(kai)發(fa)許(xu)可(ke),強(qiang)化(hua)水(shui)電(dian)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)管(guan)。大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)水(shui)電(dian),積(ji)極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)水(shui)電(dian)新(xin)農(nong)村(cun)電(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)縣(xian)建(jian)設(she)和(he)小(xiao)水(shui)電(dian)代(dai)燃(ran)料(liao)生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she),搞(gao)好(hao)農(nong)村(cun)水(shui)電(dian)配(pei)套(tao)電(dian)網(wang)改(gai)造(zao)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)。
(十五)強化水文氣象和水利科技支撐。加強水文氣象基礎設施建設,擴大覆蓋範圍,優化站網布局,著力增強重點地區、重要城市、dixiashuichaocaiqushuiwencebaonengli,jiakuaiyingjijidongjiancenenglijianshe,shixianziliaogongxiang,quanmiantigaofuwushuiping。jianquanshuilikejichuangxintixi,qianghuajichutiaojianpingtaijianshe,jiaqiangjichuyanjiuhejishuyanfa,lizhengzaishuilizhongdianlingyu、關(guan)鍵(jian)環(huan)節(jie)和(he)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)上(shang)實(shi)現(xian)新(xin)突(tu)破(po),獲(huo)得(de)一(yi)批(pi)具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)大(da)實(shi)用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)成(cheng)果(guo),加(jia)大(da)技(ji)術(shu)引(yin)進(jin)和(he)推(tui)廣(guang)應(ying)用(yong)力(li)度(du)。提(ti)高(gao)水(shui)利(li)技(ji)術(shu)裝(zhuang)備(bei)水(shui)平(ping)。建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全(quan)水(shui)利(li)行(xing)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)。推(tui)進(jin)水(shui)利(li)信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)建(jian)設(she),全(quan)麵(mian)實(shi)施(shi)“金水工程”,加快建設國家防汛抗旱指揮係統和水資源管理信息係統,提高水資源調控、水利管理和工程運行的信息化水平,以水利信息化帶動水利現代化。加強水利國際交流與合作。
五、建立水利投入穩定增長機製
(十六)加大公共財政對水利的投入。多渠道籌集資金,力爭今後10年全社會水利年平均投入比2010年nian高gao出chu一yi倍bei。發fa揮hui政zheng府fu在zai水shui利li建jian設she中zhong的de主zhu導dao作zuo用yong,將jiang水shui利li作zuo為wei公gong共gong財cai政zheng投tou入ru的de重zhong點dian領ling域yu。各ge級ji財cai政zheng對dui水shui利li投tou入ru的de總zong量liang和he增zeng幅fu要yao有you明ming顯xian提ti高gao。進jin一yi步bu提ti高gao水shui利li建jian設she資zi金jin在zai國guo家jia固gu定ding資zi產chan投tou資zi中zhong的de比bi重zhong。大da幅fu度du增zeng加jia中zhong央yang和he地di方fang財cai政zheng專zhuan項xiang水shui利li資zi金jin。從cong土tu地di出chu讓rang收shou益yi中zhong提ti取qu10%用yong於yu農nong田tian水shui利li建jian設she,充chong分fen發fa揮hui新xin增zeng建jian設she用yong地di土tu地di有you償chang使shi用yong費fei等deng土tu地di整zheng治zhi資zi金jin的de綜zong合he效xiao益yi。進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan水shui利li建jian設she基ji金jin政zheng策ce,延yan長chang征zheng收shou年nian限xian,拓tuo寬kuan來lai源yuan渠qu道dao,增zeng加jia收shou入ru規gui模mo。完wan善shan水shui資zi源yuan有you償chang使shi用yong製zhi度du,合he理li調tiao整zheng水shui資zi源yuan費fei征zheng收shou標biao準zhun,擴kuo大da征zheng收shou範fan圍wei,嚴yan格ge征zheng收shou、shiyongheguanli。youzhongdianfanghongrenwuheshuiziyuanyanzhongduanquedechengshiyaocongchengshijiansheweihushuizhonghuachuyidingbiliyongyuchengshifanghongpailaoheshuiyuangongchengjianshe。qieshijiaqiangshuilitouzixiangmuhezijinjianduguanli。
(十七)加jia強qiang對dui水shui利li建jian設she的de金jin融rong支zhi持chi。綜zong合he運yun用yong財cai政zheng和he貨huo幣bi政zheng策ce,引yin導dao金jin融rong機ji構gou增zeng加jia水shui利li信xin貸dai資zi金jin。有you條tiao件jian的de地di方fang根gen據ju不bu同tong水shui利li工gong程cheng的de建jian設she特te點dian和he項xiang目mu性xing質zhi,確que定ding財cai政zheng貼tie息xi的de規gui模mo、期限和貼息率。在風險可控的前提下,支持農業發展銀行積極開展水利建設中長期政策性貸款業務。鼓勵國家開發銀行、農業銀行、農村信用社、youzhengchuxuyinxingdengyinxingyejinrongjigoujinyibuzengjianongtianshuilijianshedexindaizijin。zhichifuhetiaojiandeshuiliqiyeshangshihefaxingzhaiquan,tansuofazhandaxingshuilishebeisheshiderongzizulinyewu,jijikaizhanshuilixiangmushouyiquanzhiyadaikuandengduozhongxingshirongzi。gulihezhichifazhanhongshuibaoxian。tigaoshuililiyongwaizideguimohezhiliang。
(十八)廣泛吸引社會資金投資水利。鼓勵符合條件的地方政府融資平台公司通過直接、間接融資方式,拓寬水利投融資渠道,吸引社會資金參與水利建設。鼓勵農民自力更生、艱苦奮鬥,在統一規劃基礎上,按照多籌多補、多duo幹gan多duo補bu原yuan則ze,加jia大da一yi事shi一yi議yi財cai政zheng獎jiang補bu力li度du,充chong分fen調tiao動dong農nong民min興xing修xiu農nong田tian水shui利li的de積ji極ji性xing。結jie合he增zeng值zhi稅shui改gai革ge和he立li法fa進jin程cheng,完wan善shan農nong村cun水shui電dian增zeng值zhi稅shui政zheng策ce。完wan善shan水shui利li工gong程cheng耕geng地di占zhan用yong稅shui政zheng策ce。積ji極ji穩wen妥tuo推tui進jin經jing營ying性xing水shui利li項xiang目mu進jin行xing市shi場chang融rong資zi。
六、實行最嚴格的水資源管理製度
(十九)jianliyongshuizongliangkongzhizhidu。quelishuiziyuankaifaliyongkongzhihongxian,zhuajinzhidingzhuyaojiangheshuiliangfenpeifangan,jianliquyongshuizongliangkongzhizhibiaotixi。jiaqiangxiangguanguihuahexiangmujianshebujushuiziyuanlunzhenggongzuo,guominjingjiheshehuifazhanguihuayijichengshizongtiguihuadebianzhi、zhongdajianshexiangmudebuju,yaoyudangdishuiziyuantiaojianhefanghongyaoqiuxiangshiying。yangezhixingjianshexiangmushuiziyuanlunzhengzhidu,duishanzikaigongjianshehuotouchandeyilvzelingtingzhi。yangequshuixukeshenpiguanli,duiquyongshuizongliangyidadaohuochaoguokongzhizhibiaodediqu,zantingshenpijianshexiangmuxinzengqushui;對dui取qu用yong水shui總zong量liang接jie近jin控kong製zhi指zhi標biao的de地di區qu,限xian製zhi審shen批pi新xin增zeng取qu水shui。嚴yan格ge地di下xia水shui管guan理li和he保bao護hu,盡jin快kuai核he定ding並bing公gong布bu禁jin采cai和he限xian采cai範fan圍wei,逐zhu步bu削xue減jian地di下xia水shui超chao采cai量liang,實shi現xian采cai補bu平ping衡heng。強qiang化hua水shui資zi源yuan統tong一yi調tiao度du,協xie調tiao好hao生sheng活huo、生產、生態環境用水,完善水資源調度方案、應急調度預案和調度計劃。建立和完善國家水權製度,充分運用市場機製優化配置水資源。
(二十)建jian立li用yong水shui效xiao率lv控kong製zhi製zhi度du。確que立li用yong水shui效xiao率lv控kong製zhi紅hong線xian,堅jian決jue遏e製zhi用yong水shui浪lang費fei,把ba節jie水shui工gong作zuo貫guan穿chuan於yu經jing濟ji社she會hui發fa展zhan和he群qun眾zhong生sheng產chan生sheng活huo全quan過guo程cheng。加jia快kuai製zhi定ding區qu域yu、行(xing)業(ye)和(he)用(yong)水(shui)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)用(yong)水(shui)效(xiao)率(lv)指(zhi)標(biao)體(ti)係(xi),加(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)水(shui)定(ding)額(e)和(he)計(ji)劃(hua)管(guan)理(li)。對(dui)取(qu)用(yong)水(shui)達(da)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)用(yong)水(shui)戶(hu)實(shi)行(xing)重(zhong)點(dian)監(jian)控(kong)。嚴(yan)格(ge)限(xian)製(zhi)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)不(bu)足(zu)地(di)區(qu)建(jian)設(she)高(gao)耗(hao)水(shui)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)項(xiang)目(mu)。落(luo)實(shi)建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu)節(jie)水(shui)設(she)施(shi)與(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)同(tong)時(shi)設(she)計(ji)、同時施工、同(tong)時(shi)投(tou)產(chan)製(zhi)度(du)。加(jia)快(kuai)實(shi)施(shi)節(jie)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)改(gai)造(zao),全(quan)麵(mian)加(jia)強(qiang)企(qi)業(ye)節(jie)水(shui)管(guan)理(li),建(jian)設(she)節(jie)水(shui)示(shi)範(fan)工(gong)程(cheng),普(pu)及(ji)農(nong)業(ye)高(gao)效(xiao)節(jie)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)。抓(zhua)緊(jin)製(zhi)定(ding)節(jie)水(shui)強(qiang)製(zhi)性(xing)標(biao)準(zhun),盡(jin)快(kuai)淘(tao)汰(tai)不(bu)符(fu)合(he)節(jie)水(shui)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)用(yong)水(shui)工(gong)藝(yi)、設備和產品。
(二十一)jianlishuigongnengquxianzhinawuzhidu。quelishuigongnengquxianzhinawuhongxian,congyanhedingshuiyunawurongliang,yangekongzhiruhehupaiwuzongliang。gejizhengfuyaobaxianzhipaiwuzongliangzuoweishuiwuranfangzhihewuranjianpaigongzuodezhongyaoyiju,mingquezeren,luoshicuoshi。duipaiwuliangyichaochushuigongnengquxianzhipaiwuzongliangdediqu,xianzhishenpixinzengqushuiheruhepaiwukou。jianlishuigongnengqushuizhidabiaopingjiatixi,wanshanjianceyujingjianduguanlizhidu。jiaqiangshuiyuandibaohu,yifahuadingyinyongshuishuiyuanbaohuqu,qianghuayinyongshuishuiyuanyingjiguanli。jianlishuishengtaibuchangjizhi。
(二十二)jianlishuiziyuanguanlizerenhekaohezhidu。xianjiyishangdifangzhengfuzhuyaofuzerenduibenxingzhengquyushuiziyuanguanlihebaohugongzuofuzongze。yangeshishishuiziyuanguanlikaohezhidu,shuixingzhengzhuguanbumenhuitongyouguanbumen,duigediqushuiziyuankaifaliyong、節(jie)約(yue)保(bao)護(hu)主(zhu)要(yao)指(zhi)標(biao)的(de)落(luo)實(shi)情(qing)況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)考(kao)核(he),考(kao)核(he)結(jie)果(guo)交(jiao)由(you)幹(gan)部(bu)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men),作(zuo)為(wei)地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)相(xiang)關(guan)領(ling)導(dao)幹(gan)部(bu)綜(zong)合(he)考(kao)核(he)評(ping)價(jia)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)。加(jia)強(qiang)水(shui)量(liang)水(shui)質(zhi)監(jian)測(ce)能(neng)力(li)建(jian)設(she),為(wei)強(qiang)化(hua)監(jian)督(du)考(kao)核(he)提(ti)供(gong)技(ji)術(shu)支(zhi)撐(cheng)。
七、不斷創新水利發展體製機製
(二十三)完善水資源管理體製。強化城鄉水資源統一管理,對城鄉供水、水資源綜合利用、水環境治理和防洪排澇等實行統籌規劃、協調實施,促進水資源優化配置。完善流域管理與區域管理相結合的水資源管理製度,建立事權清晰、分工明確、行為規範、運轉協調的水資源管理工作機製。進一步完善水資源保護和水汙染防治協調機製。
(二十四)加jia快kuai水shui利li工gong程cheng建jian設she和he管guan理li體ti製zhi改gai革ge。區qu分fen水shui利li工gong程cheng性xing質zhi,分fen類lei推tui進jin改gai革ge,健jian全quan良liang性xing運yun行xing機ji製zhi。深shen化hua國guo有you水shui利li工gong程cheng管guan理li體ti製zhi改gai革ge,落luo實shi好hao公gong益yi性xing、準公益性水管單位基本支出和維修養護經費。中央財政對中西部地區、pinkundiqugongyixinggongchengweixiuyanghujingfeigeiyubuzhu。tuoshanjiejueshuiguandanweifenliurenyuanshehuibaozhangwenti。shenhuaxiaoxingshuiligongchengchanquanzhidugaige,mingquesuoyouquanheshiyongquan,luoshiguanhuzhutihezeren,duigongyixingxiaoxingshuiligongchengguanhujingfeigeiyubuzhu,tansuoshehuihuahezhuanyehuadeduozhongshuiligongchengguanlimoshi。duifeijingyingxingzhengfutouzixiangmu,jiakuaituixingdaijianzhi。chongfenfahuishichangjizhizaishuiligongchengjiansheheyunxingzhongdezuoyong,yindaojingyingxingshuiligongchengjijizouxiangshichang,wanshanfarenzhilijiegou,shixianzizhujingying、自負盈虧。
(二十五)健全基層水利服務體係。建立健全職能明確、布局合理、隊伍精幹、服務到位的基層水利服務體係,全麵提高基層水利服務能力。以鄉鎮或小流域為單元,健全基層水利服務機構,強化水資源管理、防汛抗旱、農田水利建設、水利科技推廣等公益性職能,按規定核定人員編製,經費納入縣級財政預算。大力發展農民用水合作組織。
(二十六)積ji極ji推tui進jin水shui價jia改gai革ge。充chong分fen發fa揮hui水shui價jia的de調tiao節jie作zuo用yong,兼jian顧gu效xiao率lv和he公gong平ping,大da力li促cu進jin節jie約yue用yong水shui和he產chan業ye結jie構gou調tiao整zheng。工gong業ye和he服fu務wu業ye用yong水shui要yao逐zhu步bu實shi行xing超chao額e累lei進jin加jia價jia製zhi度du,拉la開kai高gao耗hao水shui行xing業ye與yu其qi他ta行xing業ye的de水shui價jia差cha價jia。合he理li調tiao整zheng城cheng市shi居ju民min生sheng活huo用yong水shui價jia格ge,穩wen步bu推tui行xing階jie梯ti式shi水shui價jia製zhi度du。按an照zhao促cu進jin節jie約yue用yong水shui、降低農民水費支出、保(bao)障(zhang)灌(guan)排(pai)工(gong)程(cheng)良(liang)性(xing)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze),推(tui)進(jin)農(nong)業(ye)水(shui)價(jia)綜(zong)合(he)改(gai)革(ge),農(nong)業(ye)灌(guan)排(pai)工(gong)程(cheng)運(yun)行(xing)管(guan)理(li)費(fei)用(yong)由(you)財(cai)政(zheng)適(shi)當(dang)補(bu)助(zhu),探(tan)索(suo)實(shi)行(xing)農(nong)民(min)定(ding)額(e)內(nei)用(yong)水(shui)享(xiang)受(shou)優(you)惠(hui)水(shui)價(jia)、超定額用水累進加價的辦法。
八、切實加強對水利工作的領導
(二十七)luoshigejidangweihezhengfuzeren。gejidangweihezhengfuyaozhanzaiquanjuhezhanlvegaodu,qieshijiaqiangshuiligongzuo,jishiyanjiujiejueshuiligaigefazhanzhongdetuchuwenti。shixingfangxunkanghan、飲水安全保障、水資源管理、shuikuanquanguanlixingzhengshouchangfuzezhi。gediyaojieheshiji,renzhenluoshishuiligaigefazhangexiangcuoshi,quebaoqudeshixiao。gejishuixingzhengzhuguanbumenyaoqieshizengqiangzerenyishi,renzhenlvxingzhize,zhuahaoshuiligaigefazhangexiangrenwudeshishigongzuo。geyouguanbumenhedanweiyaoanzhaozhinengfengong,jinkuaizhidingwanshangexiangpeitaocuoshihebanfa,xingchengtuidongshuiligaigefazhanheli。bajiaqiangnongtianshuilijianshezuoweinongcunjicengkaizhanchuangxianzhengyouhuodongdezhongyaoneirong,chongfenfahuinongcunjicengdangzuzhidezhandoubaoleizuoyongheguangdadangyuandexianfengmofanzuoyong,dailingguangdanongminqunzhongjiakuaigaishannongcunshengchanshenghuotiaojian。
(二十八)推進依法治水。建立健全水法規體係,抓緊完善水資源配置、節約保護、防汛抗旱、農村水利、水土保持、流域管理等領域的法律法規。全麵推進水利綜合執法,嚴格執行水資源論證、取水許可、水工程建設規劃同意書、洪水影響評價、水土保持方案等製度。加強河湖管理,嚴禁建設項目非法侵占河湖水域。加強國家防汛抗旱督察工作製度化建設。健全預防為主、預防與調處相結合的水事糾紛調處機製,完善應急預案。深化水行政許可審批製度改革。科學編製水利規劃,完善全國、流域、quyushuiliguihuatixi,jiakuaizhongdianjianshexiangmuqianqigongzuo,qianghuashuiliguihuaduisheshuihuodongdeguanliheyueshuzuoyong。zuohaoshuikuyiminanzhigongzuo,luoshihouqifuchizhengce。
(二十九)加強水利隊伍建設。適應水利改革發展新要求,全麵提升水利係統幹部職工隊伍素質,切實增強水利勘測設計、建設管理和依法行政能力。支持大專院校、中等職業學校水利類專業建設。大力引進、培養、選拔各類管理人才、專業技術人才、高技能人才,完善人才評價、流動、激(ji)勵(li)機(ji)製(zhi)。鼓(gu)勵(li)廣(guang)大(da)科(ke)技(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)服(fu)務(wu)於(yu)水(shui)利(li)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)第(di)一(yi)線(xian),加(jia)大(da)基(ji)層(ceng)水(shui)利(li)職(zhi)工(gong)在(zai)職(zhi)教(jiao)育(yu)和(he)繼(ji)續(xu)培(pei)訓(xun)力(li)度(du),解(jie)決(jue)基(ji)層(ceng)水(shui)利(li)職(zhi)工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)的(de)實(shi)際(ji)困(kun)難(nan)。廣(guang)大(da)水(shui)利(li)幹(gan)部(bu)職(zhi)工(gong)要(yao)弘(hong)揚(yang)“獻身、負責、求實”的水利行業精神,更加貼近民生,更多服務基層,更好服務經濟社會發展全局。
(三十)動員全社會力量關心支持水利工作。加大力度宣傳國情水情,提高全民水患意識、節水意識、水shui資zi源yuan保bao護hu意yi識shi,廣guang泛fan動dong員yuan全quan社she會hui力li量liang參can與yu水shui利li建jian設she。把ba水shui情qing教jiao育yu納na入ru國guo民min素su質zhi教jiao育yu體ti係xi和he中zhong小xiao學xue教jiao育yu課ke程cheng體ti係xi,作zuo為wei各ge級ji領ling導dao幹gan部bu和he公gong務wu員yuan教jiao育yu培pei訓xun的de重zhong要yao內nei容rong。把ba水shui利li納na入ru公gong益yi性xing宣xuan傳chuan範fan圍wei,為wei水shui利li又you好hao又you快kuai發fa展zhan營ying造zao良liang好hao輿yu論lun氛fen圍wei。對dui在zai加jia快kuai水shui利li改gai革ge發fa展zhan中zhong取qu得de顯xian著zhu成cheng績ji的de單dan位wei和he個ge人ren,各ge級ji政zheng府fu要yao按an照zhao國guo家jia有you關guan規gui定ding給gei予yu表biao彰zhang獎jiang勵li。
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