http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-27 13:43:49 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
工gong業ye革ge命ming以yi來lai,人ren類lei對dui化hua石shi能neng源yuan的de開kai發fa及ji利li用yong強qiang度du不bu斷duan加jia大da,能neng源yuan問wen題ti從cong來lai沒mei有you像xiang今jin天tian這zhe樣yang受shou人ren關guan注zhu。當dang今jin世shi界jie,能neng源yuan供gong應ying及ji化hua石shi能neng源yuan利li用yong引yin起qi的de氣qi候hou變bian化hua問wen題ti已yi經jing成cheng為wei全quan球qiu經jing濟ji、政zheng治zhi中zhong的de焦jiao點dian問wen題ti。無wu論lun是shi發fa達da國guo家jia還hai是shi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia,無wu論lun是shi能neng源yuan生sheng產chan大da國guo還hai是shi消xiao費fei大da國guo,均jun在zai能neng源yuan及ji相xiang關guan問wen題ti中zhong殫dan精jing竭jie慮lv,並bing力li圖tu在zai國guo際ji博bo弈yi中zhong切qie實shi維wei護hu自zi身shen利li益yi。
jienengyuxinnengyuanfazhanshoudaoquanqiuguanzhu,yuanyinzhiyishiyouyuhuashinengyuangongyingdeyouxianxingherenleixuqiudewuxianxingxiangmaodun,zaikeyujiandeweilai,huashinengyuandekujiejiangkenengchuxian。lingyigeyuanyinshiqihoubianhuariyixianzhu,zhengzaijijizhidingdeguojitanjianpaijizhiyingxiangzhejuedaduoshuguojiaweilaidefazhankongjian。
當今世界許多發達國家試圖依靠新能源開發、提ti高gao能neng效xiao等deng技ji術shu措cuo施shi促cu進jin經jing濟ji複fu蘇su並bing在zai未wei來lai全quan球qiu經jing濟ji競jing爭zheng中zhong繼ji續xu占zhan據ju優you勢shi地di位wei。我wo國guo應ying把ba節jie能neng和he新xin能neng源yuan產chan業ye放fang在zai更geng突tu出chu的de位wei置zhi,並bing以yi它ta為wei主zhu導dao推tui進jin戰zhan略lve性xing新xin興xing產chan業ye的de發fa展zhan。
中國迫切需要快速發展節能和新能源產業
1. 大力推進煤炭等清潔利用技術的研發與推廣,努力實現高碳能源低碳化利用是我國降低二氧化碳、二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)硫(liu)等(deng)汙(wu)染(ran)物(wu)排(pai)放(fang)和(he)保(bao)護(hu)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)迫(po)切(qie)需(xu)求(qiu)。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)立(li)以(yi)來(lai),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)提(ti)高(gao),主(zhu)要(yao)能(neng)源(yuan)產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)種(zhong)和(he)產(chan)量(liang)大(da)幅(fu)度(du)增(zeng)加(jia),能(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)不(bu)斷(duan)優(you)化(hua),供(gong)應(ying)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)力(li)極(ji)大(da)增(zeng)強(qiang)。但(dan)是(shi),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)中(zhong),以(yi)煤(mei)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)並(bing)未(wei)改(gai)變(bian)。從(cong)未(wei)來(lai)看(kan),受(shou)資(zi)源(yuan)賦(fu)存(cun)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)影(ying)響(xiang),中(zhong)國(guo)在(zai)相(xiang)當(dang)長(chang)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)以(yi)煤(mei)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)結(jie)構(gou)也(ye)很(hen)難(nan)改(gai)變(bian)。另(ling)外(wai),作(zuo)為(wei)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)中(zhong)最(zui)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)高(gao)碳(tan)能(neng)源(yuan),中(zhong)國(guo)煤(mei)炭(tan)還(hai)具(ju)有(you)高(gao)硫(liu)、高灰分特征,這不僅不利於溫室氣體的排放控製,同時也給二氧化硫等空氣汙染物的排放控製帶來了壓力。
2. 石shi油you對dui外wai依yi存cun度du的de不bu斷duan攀pan高gao不bu僅jin加jia大da了le中zhong國guo經jing濟ji運yun行xing的de風feng險xian,同tong時shi也ye威wei脅xie到dao了le國guo家jia安an全quan。近jin年nian來lai,由you於yu石shi油you需xu求qiu增zeng長chang速su度du遠yuan快kuai於yu國guo內nei生sheng產chan增zeng長chang速su度du,我wo國guo石shi油you對dui外wai依yi存cun度du迅xun速su攀pan升sheng,目mu前qian石shi油you對dui外wai依yi存cun度du已yi達da51%。另據《全國礦產資源規劃(2008—2015)》預測,如不加強勘查和轉變經濟發展方式,到2020年中國石油對外依存度將上升至60%。近年來,中國經濟的快速發展和石油消耗量的大幅增加引起了全球的關注,一些別有用心的人開始製造和散布“中國能源威脅論”,如把中國看成是國際能源的“掠食者”,bazhongguoyinsukanchengshiguojiyuanyoujiageshangzhangdezhuyaotuidonglideng。tongguokongzhishiyoulaiezhizhongguofazhandeqituyeanliuyongdong,zhongguocanyuguojinengyuanhezuodeyalibuduanjiada。
3. 未來十年,我國必須把節能減排與新能源的開發利用放在更加突出的位置。哥本哈根聯合國大會上,中國從國情和實際出發,做出了到2020年單位國內生產總值二氧化碳排放量比2005年下降40%—45%的自主減排承諾,彰顯了中國負責任大國的形象。然而,會議期間部分發達國家代表卻不切實際地要求中國把減排承諾提高到60%甚(shen)至(zhi)承(cheng)諾(nuo)絕(jue)對(dui)減(jian)排(pai),把(ba)共(gong)同(tong)但(dan)有(you)區(qu)別(bie)的(de)責(ze)任(ren)原(yuan)則(ze)完(wan)全(quan)置(zhi)之(zhi)度(du)外(wai)。中(zhong)國(guo)仍(reng)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)中(zhong)低(di)收(shou)入(ru)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)不(bu)是(shi)歐(ou)美(mei)等(deng)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)奢(she)侈(chi)排(pai)放(fang)而(er)是(shi)生(sheng)存(cun)排(pai)放(fang)。同(tong)時(shi),中(zhong)國(guo)正(zheng)日(ri)漸(jian)承(cheng)擔(dan)“世界工廠”jiaose,laizifadaguojiadezhuanyipaifangguimopangdaqierengzaizengjia。zhongguozaijianpaiyuanzhufangmianzuochulerangbu,jianpaimubiaodeshixianjiangkenengwanquanyikaozishendenulilaishixian。
節能和新能源產業極具發展前景
1. 能源節約與新能源開發利用是當今中國對經濟社會影響最廣、對相關產業帶動能力最強的產業。從近中期看,隨著人口增加、gongyehuahechengzhenhuajinchengdebuduanjiakuai,tebieshizhonghuagongyehejiaotongyunshudekuaisufazhan,qichehejiayongdianqidaliangjinrujiating,nengyuanxuqiujiangjixubaochiwenbushangshengdeshitou。yanjundenengyuangongxuxingshizaijiashangzizhujianpaichengnuo,juedinglejinhoushinianneiwoguorenhexingye、每一個家庭都將參與到節能與新能源的推廣利用行動中。從長期來看,節能與新能源產業對經濟生產和人民生活的影響將更大、更強。
此外,我國確定的戰略性新興產業也大都與節能與新能源產業發展密切相關、xiangfuxiangcheng。haobukuazhangdishuo,jienengyuxinnengyuanchanyedefazhanjiangduichanyelianshangqitachanyehehengxiangguanlianchanyechanshengjiaodadeladongzuoyong,zhejiangshijienengyuxinnengyuanchanyechengweiweilaizhongguojingjifazhanzhongdezhuyaozengchangdian。
2. 節能產業的發展是我國加快經濟發展方式轉變、提高企業生產效益的有力措施。我國從“九五”shiqijiutichulezhuanbianjingjizengchangfangshidezhongyaorenwu,danjiezhimuqian,cufangxingdezengchangfangshiyiranpubiancunzai。nengyuanliyongxiaolvmingxianpiandiyiweizhewoguojienengqianlijuda,qianghuajienengchanyedefazhanshitigaonengyuanliyonglvjinerjiakuaijingjizengchangfangshizhuanbiandezhongyaotujing。congjinzhongqilaikan,jienengxingyewuyishijuyoulianghaoshichangqianjing,jiaogaojingjixiaoyi,nengdafuduladongtouzihechuangzaojiuyejihuidechanye。dalifazhanjienengxingye,shiwoguojinyibuyingduijinrongweijihequanqiuqihoubianhuashuangzhongtiaozhandeyoulicuoshi,yeshiwoguozaitiaozhanzhongbawofazhanjiyudezhuyaozhelidian。
3. 新能源產業是支撐中國經濟走向低碳、綠色和在未來國際競爭中搶占科技經濟製高點的核心力量。中國水能、風能、生物質能、taiyangnengdengkezaishengnengyuanyunliangfengfu,henengjuyoujiaodaliyongqianli。congjishujichukan,chujishaoshufadaguojiawai,woguozaixinnengyuankaifajiliyongfangmianyuguowaichajubingbuda,youxielingyushenzhijuyoutongfayoushi。dangqian,yichangyiditanjishuweizhongxindeguojikejijingjijingzhengyiqiaoranzhankai,ditan、lvsejiangshiquanqiujingjidejibenzouxiang。congchangqilaikan,nenggouzhichengditanjingjifazhancongerjiakuaijingjifazhanfangshizhuanbiandehexinliliangfeixinnengyuanjishuyanfajidaguimotuiguangyingyongmoshu。lizudangqianguoneiziyuanbingfutiaojian,mianxiangweilaiguojijingzhengxuqiu,daligoujianyixinnengyuankaifaliyongweihexindeditanjishutixi,shiwoguoqiangzhanweilaiguojikejijingjizhigaodiandehexinliliang。