摘要

本文將審視當今製造業麵臨的核心挑戰
，探索正在席卷行業的變革浪潮。這場變革源於對資源敏感型製造的全新關注，而人工智能、分散式控製、混合組網及軟件定義自動化等新技術與能力協同發力，共同為未來數字化工廠的崛起築牢根基。

製造業麵臨的挑戰

zhizaoyezhengchuyuyichangzhuanxinglangchaozhizhong，xiaofeizheduigexinghuachanpinxuqiudezengchang，jiazhiyiqinghougongyinglianweijicuishengdechanyehuiliuqushideng
，chengweituidongzheyibiangedezhuyaoqudongli。erzhexie，jinjinshizhongduotiaozhanzhongdebingshanyijiao。yucitongshi，quanqiugeguozhengfuyefenfenchutaixiangguanfagui，yijianshaozhizaoyedetanpaifang，congershixianwenshiqitijinglingpaifangmubiao。yingduizhexietiaozhanjiangweigongyezhizaoqiyekaipiquanxindefazhansaidao，qiyekejieciqijiyinruqianyanjishu，zaijiangditanpaifangdetongshi，tigaozhizaoyedeshengchanxiaolv、可擴展性和靈活性。

在zai如ru今jin既ji有you的de製zhi造zao工gong廠chang內nei，製zhi造zao設she備bei與yu自zi動dong化hua設she備bei曆li經jing多duo年nian反fan複fu部bu署shu與yu擴kuo展zhan
，互hu操cao作zuo性xing問wen題ti日ri益yi凸tu顯xian。設she備bei間jian不bu僅jin難nan以yi順shun暢chang協xie同tong運yun作zuo，相xiang互hu間jian的de連lian接jie也ye極ji為wei有you限xian，導dao致zhi工gong廠chang內nei部bu普pu遍bian缺que乏fa能neng貫guan通tong所suo有you自zi動dong化hua設she備bei的de統tong一yi網wang絡luo。

隨著新產品庫存單位(SKU)shuliangchixupansheng
，shengchanxiandeshezhiyuyanzhengshijianbudebuxiangyingzengjia。zaiyiliaoqixiezhizaolingyu，yanzhengliuchengbujinhaoshimanchang


，chengbenyeshifengaoang。ciwai，chanpinSKU的增多還會拉低設備綜合效率(OEE)，yuanyinzaiyuewaitourudeshezhiheyanzhenghuizaochengshengchanshijiandelangfei，jinerdaozhishengchanxiaolvxiahua。zhizaoyemianlindetiaozhanbuzhiyuci
，shuliangongrenduanquewentitongyangyanjun。juyuce，jiezhi2030年
，製造業熟練工人缺口將高達約210萬人。1 當下，多數製造活動集中於既有工廠；在(zai)此(ci)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)，企(qi)業(ye)試(shi)圖(tu)在(zai)現(xian)有(you)廠(chang)房(fang)空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)時(shi)
，勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)不(bu)足(zu)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)便(bian)成(cheng)為(wei)產(chan)能(neng)提(ti)升(sheng)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)製(zhi)約(yue)因(yin)素(su)。未(wei)來(lai)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)正(zheng)是(shi)為(wei)攻(gong)克(ke)上(shang)述(shu)重(zhong)重(zhong)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)而(er)生(sheng)，致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)推(tui)動(dong)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)邁(mai)入(ru)全(quan)新(xin)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)紀(ji)元(yuan)（見圖1）。

圖1.工業製造麵臨的挑戰。

工業製造業的轉型

congjishujiaodulaikan，zhizaoyeyiqudezhongdajinbu。liru，tongguozaizhizaozichanheshebeishangzengjiachuanganqibushubingjinxingronghe，keshengchengfengfudeshujuji，yongyuyouhuajiqibingtigaoshebeizonghexiaolv(OEE)。軟件定義自動化的部署提升了製造業的生產效率
、靈活性和可擴展性
，大幅縮短了設置與驗證時間。此外，人工智能(AI)正zheng逐zhu步bu向xiang邊bian緣yuan側ce發fa展zhan，更geng加jia靠kao近jin傳chuan感gan器qi或huo執zhi行xing器qi等deng生sheng成cheng數shu據ju的de終zhong端duan。邊bian緣yuan人ren工gong智zhi能neng將jiang借jie助zhu數shu據ju驅qu動dong的de決jue策ce方fang式shi，把ba製zhi造zao數shu據ju轉zhuan化hua為wei切qie實shi可ke行xing的de見jian解jie，助zhu力li自zi主zhu製zhi造zao實shi現xian製zhi造zao業ye生sheng產chan效xiao率lv與yu競jing爭zheng力li的de躍yue升sheng（見圖2）。

圖2.製造業的轉型。

資源感知型製造

下一代製造業需要更全麵地審視資源消耗的各個方麵。製造業所需的四大關鍵資源分別是資金、電力、cailiaoherenli。zaiziyuanganzhixingzhizaodebeijingxia，weilaishuzihuagongchangjidaitishengduizhexieziyuandeliyongxiaolv。zaizijinxiaolvfangmian，suoyouzhizaolingyudezibenzhichudouyingzhuzhongshixiantouzihuibaolv(ROI)，周期可能為一年、sannianhuowunianbudeng。weilaishuzihuagongchangdeguanjianmubiaozhiyi，bianshiyizuishaodezibenzhichushixianlirunzuidahua，jinerhuodezuigaodetouzihuibaolv。qicishidianlixiaolv
，xiayidaizhizaoyebixuyigengdidenenghaoshixiangenggaodechanchu，dachengjianshaoquanqiutanpaifangdemubiao。jiangdidianlixiaohaodeguanjianjucuobaokuo：部署高效電機驅動器，將氣動驅動替換為機電驅動
，運用自適應閉環控製技術提升製造效率，等等。

ziyuanganzhixingzhizaodedisangefangmianshicailiaoxiaolv。zaitishengzhizaoyekechixuxingfangmian，jianshaocailiaolangfeiyujiangdinengyuanxiaohaotongdengzhongyao

，fahuizhebukehuoquedezuoyong。tongguozuidaxiandudijianshaoyuancailiaodeshiyong，zaijiehejiaqiangshengchanzhiliangkongzhi，nenggouxianzhujianshaozhenggezhizaoliuchengzhongdecailiaolangfei，zuizhongchaozhelingfeiqishengchandemubiaomaijin。zuihouyigefangmianshirenlixiaolv，yishizhongzhongzhizhong。dangqian，zhizaoyezaizhaopinshuliangongrenfangmiancunzaizhuduotiaozhan。zhizaoyebixujinkenengdijianshaorenweijieru，kecaiqudefangshibaokuo：推廣自主製造模式，應用先進機器人技術
，部署具備實時感知能力、能快速響應操作環境與製造需求變化的自動化解決方案（見圖3）。

圖3.資源感知型製造。

未來數字化工廠

ADI公司對未來數字化工廠的願景，聚焦於連接
、控製和解讀這三大核心支柱。連接戰略旨在通過提升製造業生產效率、kekuozhanxinghelinghuoxing，tongshijiangditanpaifang
，laidachengweilaigongchangdefazhanlantu。quebaosuoyouzhizaozichanhejiqilianjiedaotongyiwangluo
，shixianzhizaoshujudetoumingfangwen，bingliyongzhexieshujutuidongzhenggezhizaochangsuodegongyichixugaijin。zhizaohuanjingxujiezhuyouxianhewuxianhunhewangluo
，shixiancongbianyuandaoyunduandeshishiwufenglianjie。duiyuyouxiankongzhilianjie，qianzhaoweigongyeyitaiwangzhengbeibushuyongyugongchangwangluoyitigonggenggaodedaikuan，tongshidapeishijianminganxingwangluo(TSN)來確保實時流量控製的確定性。對於諸如自主移動機器人(AMR)等移動應用
，靈活的專用5G網絡起到補充作用，並且專用5G網絡還可連接難以輕鬆接入有線工業以太網的遠程傳感器和執行器。

第di二er項xiang關guan鍵jian戰zhan略lve聚ju焦jiao於yu控kong製zhi領ling域yu。分fen散san式shi自zi主zhu控kong製zhi依yi托tuo全quan新xin的de模mo塊kuai化hua自zi動dong化hua解jie決jue方fang案an，帶dai來lai更geng高gao的de靈ling活huo性xing
，既ji能neng縮suo短duan設she置zhi和he驗yan證zheng時shi間jian
，又you能neng支zhi持chi日ri益yi增zeng長chang的de新xin產chan品pin庫ku存cun單dan位wei(SKU)。從傳統生產線的集中式可編程邏輯控製器(PLC)轉向分散式PLC控kong製zhi
，先xian進jin的de邊bian緣yuan計ji算suan將jiang被bei直zhi接jie集ji成cheng到dao機ji器qi之zhi中zhong。基ji於yu邊bian緣yuan的de自zi主zhu控kong製zhi讓rang生sheng產chan線xian更geng具ju可ke重zhong構gou性xing，顯xian著zhu提ti升sheng製zhi造zao靈ling活huo性xing。每mei一yi台tai機ji器qi都dou成cheng為wei一yi個ge完wan整zheng獨du立li的de模mo塊kuai化hua製zhi造zao單dan元yuan
，可ke在zai極ji少shao人ren為wei介jie入ru的de情qing況kuang下xia
，輕qing鬆song完wan成cheng配pei置zhi與yu重zhong新xin部bu署shu。通tong過guo部bu署shu更geng多duo靈ling活huo
、模塊化的製造解決方案
，並由分散式自主控製予以支持，我們能夠更好地實現未來數字化工廠的目標。

zuihouyixiangzhanlvejujiaoyujiedu。jieduzhanlvezhizaijiangshengchanshujuzhuanhuaweikefuzhushijiandedongchaxinxi，congerzhulishixianweilaigongchangdegexiangmubiao。jugusuan，zhizaoyemeinianchanshengdeshujuliangyueda1812 PB（拍字節）。2 jieduzhanlvejiangyunyongrengongzhinengjishulaichulizhexiehailiangzhizaoshuju，yitishengshengchanxiaolv。jieduzhanlvedeguanjianzaiyuzaishujuchanshengdebianyuancebushurengongzhineng。bianyuanrengongzhinengjiangtongguozhudongjuece
，jiehechuanganqironghe（包含工業視覺、溫度、壓力/力、測斜儀

、位置、振動、濕度等測量方式），實(shi)現(xian)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)優(you)化(hua)。邊(bian)緣(yuan)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)自(zi)動(dong)執(zhi)行(xing)常(chang)規(gui)任(ren)務(wu)
，減(jian)少(shao)對(dui)熟(shu)練(lian)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)的(de)依(yi)賴(lai)，並(bing)以(yi)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)高(gao)的(de)良(liang)品(pin)率(lv)實(shi)現(xian)更(geng)具(ju)個(ge)性(xing)化(hua)和(he)複(fu)雜(za)性(xing)的(de)製(zhi)造(zao)。關(guan)鍵(jian)應(ying)用(yong)包(bao)括(kuo)引(yin)導(dao)驅(qu)動(dong)（移動機器人）、缺陷或異常檢測（機器健康狀況）
、持續的工藝改進、模式識別（質量控製），最終還將融入自動化控製循環，成為其中重要一環。

圖4.實現未來數字化工廠的幾點關鍵要求。

結論

製造業正在經曆一場變革
，朝著更智能、更互聯、以(yi)軟(ruan)件(jian)定(ding)義(yi)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)。實(shi)時(shi)無(wu)縫(feng)的(de)邊(bian)緣(yuan)到(dao)雲(yun)端(duan)連(lian)接(jie)，將(jiang)實(shi)現(xian)對(dui)新(xin)型(xing)製(zhi)造(zao)數(shu)據(ju)集(ji)的(de)透(tou)明(ming)化(hua)訪(fang)問(wen)。分(fen)散(san)式(shi)控(kong)製(zhi)借(jie)助(zhu)邊(bian)緣(yuan)計(ji)算(suan)

，將(jiang)控(kong)製(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)從(cong)可(ke)編(bian)程(cheng)邏(luo)輯(ji)控(kong)製(zhi)器(qi)(PLC)遷移至機器本身。傳感器融合技術的應用提升了機器的設備綜合效率(OEE)，bingchanshengfengfudeshujuji，weirengongzhinengmoxingdexunlianyubushutigongzhicheng。bianyuanrengongzhinengjiangshizidonghuajiqiwanquanshixianzizhuhua。zhexiexinjishuderongheshibijiangchedigaibianweilaideshuzihuagongchang
，zaixianzhujiangdinengyuanxiaohaohecailiaolangfeidetongshi

，tigaozhizaoyedeshengchanxiaolv、linghuoxinghekekuozhanxing。duiyuzhizaoshangeryan，chenggongdeguanjianzaiyuruheyushengtaixitongneideqitagongsizhankaihezuo
，yinweifengfuduoyangdejingyanhenengliduiyujiasushixianweilaishuzihuagongchangdeyuanjingzhiguanzhongyao。ruxujinyibulejieADI針對未來數字化工廠的可持續自動化解決方案，請訪問

analog.com/industrialautomation。

參考文獻

1 Victor Reyes、Heather Ashton和Chad Moutray
，“Creating Pathways for Tomorrow’s Workforce Today:Beyond Reskilling in Manufacturing”
，Deloitte Insights，美國製造業研究所，2021年5月。

2 “Deloitte Survey on AI Adoption in Manufacturing”，Deloitte
，2020年。