http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-27 12:00:18 來源:中國能源報

jinqi,tianranqifadianshebeiweixiuchengbenguogaobeishouyeneireyi。dapolongduan,shixianshebeiguochanhuachengweinengyuanzhuangbeilingyudefazhanqixu。jinnianshangbannian,zhongguozhiliangxiehuifabude2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、chengtaohuafazhandequshixia,peitaojichujianduanbanxiaoyingyuelaiyuemingxian,guanjianlingbujianyilaijinkou,guowaishebeijituanlongduan,chengweiwoguozhizaoyezuoqiangzuodaderuanlei。zaijingjishang,waishangzonghuiqiezhongyaohaidetaigaoguanjianlingbujianjiage,shidezhuangbeizhizaoyerengshouzhiyuguowai。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
據ju記ji者zhe了le解jie,目mu前qian與yu國guo外wai設she備bei相xiang比bi,國guo產chan設she備bei的de最zui大da優you勢shi還hai是shi在zai於yu價jia格ge,一yi般ban國guo產chan設she備bei的de價jia格ge僅jin為wei進jin口kou同tong類lei產chan品pin的de二er分fen之zhi一yi或huo三san分fen之zhi一yi,高gao檔dang次ci的de產chan品pin與yu國guo外wai同tong類lei產chan品pin相xiang比bi價jia格ge差cha距ju更geng大da,部bu分fen設she備bei已yi經jing完wan全quan實shi現xian國guo產chan化hua。但dan即ji便bian如ru此ci,國guo內nei的de采cai購gou用yong戶hu卻que仍reng以yi各ge種zhong借jie口kou拒ju絕jue使shi用yong,或huo者zhe人ren為wei設she置zhi各ge種zhong障zhang礙ai,增zeng加jia國guo產chan裝zhuang備bei進jin入ru大da型xing市shi場chang的de門men檻kan。還hai有you一yi些xie使shi用yong單dan位wei在zai采cai購gou設she備bei時shi,盲mang目mu追zhui求qiu使shi用yong國guo外wai先xian進jin的de技ji術shu和he設she備bei,既ji不bu考kao慮lv性xing價jia比bi,也ye不bu考kao慮lv國guo內nei製zhi造zao業ye的de同tong步bu發fa展zhan。一yi項xiang技ji術shu還hai沒mei有you推tui廣guang,又you去qu追zhui求qiu其qi他ta技ji術shu或huo裝zhuang備bei,造zao成cheng同tong類lei裝zhuang備bei的de重zhong複fu引yin進jin。
jizhezaitiaozhazhong,duoshurenrentongguochanshebeizaishichangcaigouzhongshouqishizheyixianshi。zaijinjinianhaiguanjinchukoudetongjishujuzhongfaxian,suizhewoguozhuangbeizhizaoshuipingdewenbutigao,zhongdazhuangbeidejinkoushulianghejinequebingweijianshao,fanzhihaizaizengjia。
真(zhen)的(de)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)品(pin)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)經(jing)濟(ji)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)嗎(ma)?其(qi)實(shi)不(bu)然(ran)。一(yi)名(ming)從(cong)事(shi)設(she)備(bei)采(cai)購(gou)的(de)業(ye)內(nei)人(ren)士(shi)告(gao)訴(su)記(ji)者(zhe),目(mu)前(qian)阻(zu)礙(ai)設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan),國(guo)內(nei)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)采(cai)購(gou)用(yong)戶(hu)有(you)不(bu)可(ke)推(tui)卸(xie)的(de)責(ze)任(ren)。例(li)如(ru),在(zai)設(she)備(bei)投(tou)標(biao)中(zhong)這(zhe)些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)四(si)種(zhong)表(biao)現(xian),第(di)一(yi)種(zhong),業(ye)主(zhu)會(hui)明(ming)確(que)表(biao)示(shi),隻(zhi)用(yong)進(jin)口(kou)設(she)備(bei),國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)免(mian)談(tan),國(guo)內(nei)廠(chang)商(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)吃(chi)閉(bi)門(men)羹(geng)。第(di)二(er)種(zhong),業(ye)主(zhu)在(zai)標(biao)書(shu)中(zhong)完(wan)全(quan)套(tao)用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)參(can)數(shu)。由(you)於(yu)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)、參can數shu不bu盡jin相xiang同tong,使shi參can加jia招zhao投tou標biao的de國guo內nei廠chang家jia無wu所suo適shi從cong,根gen本ben不bu可ke能neng中zhong標biao。第di三san種zhong,業ye主zhu的de采cai購gou標biao書shu隻zhi賣mai給gei國guo外wai廠chang商shang。第di四si種zhong,業ye主zhu幹gan脆cui在zai標biao書shu中zhong直zhi接jie指zhi定ding采cai購gou某mou國guo公gong司si的de某mou種zhong產chan品pin。
一(yi)位(wei)石(shi)油(you)專(zhuan)家(jia)表(biao)示(shi),近(jin)十(shi)年(nian)來(lai),我(wo)國(guo)大(da)型(xing)石(shi)油(you)設(she)備(bei)已(yi)經(jing)重(zhong)複(fu)進(jin)口(kou)多(duo)套(tao),就(jiu)目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)們(men)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)設(she)計(ji)和(he)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)來(lai)說(shuo),已(yi)經(jing)具(ju)備(bei)生(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)力(li)了(le)。但(dan)是(shi),國(guo)內(nei)一(yi)些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)仍(reng)是(shi)以(yi)老(lao)眼(yan)光(guang)來(lai)看(kan)待(dai)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei),一(yi)提(ti)國(guo)產(chan),就(jiu)有(you)莫(mo)名(ming)的(de)顧(gu)慮(lv),不(bu)願(yuan)使(shi)用(yong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei),國(guo)家(jia)花(hua)了(le)大(da)量(liang)資(zi)金(jin)引(yin)進(jin)技(ji)術(shu),製(zhi)造(zao)企(qi)業(ye)消(xiao)化(hua)吸(xi)收(shou)後(hou)也(ye)開(kai)發(fa)了(le)許(xu)多(duo)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin),但(dan)往(wang)往(wang)因(yin)沒(mei)有(you)依(yi)托(tuo)工(gong)程(cheng)而(er)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)驗(yan)證(zheng),或(huo)被(bei)用(yong)戶(hu)以(yi)沒(mei)有(you)運(yun)行(xing)業(ye)績(ji)為(wei)由(you)剝(bo)奪(duo)投(tou)標(biao)資(zi)格(ge),使(shi)我(wo)們(men)製(zhi)造(zao)裝(zhuang)備(bei)企(qi)業(ye)沒(mei)有(you)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。產(chan)品(pin)如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)機(ji)會(hui),技(ji)術(shu)也(ye)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)得(de)到(dao)改(gai)進(jin)的(de)機(ji)會(hui)。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
即(ji)使(shi)國(guo)內(nei)產(chan)品(pin)做(zuo)得(de)不(bu)好(hao)也(ye)要(yao)嚐(chang)試(shi)去(qu)用(yong),發(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti),從(cong)而(er)改(gai)進(jin)。這(zhe)一(yi)點(dian),在(zai)韓(han)國(guo)就(jiu)有(you)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)例(li)子(zi)。其(qi)國(guo)人(ren)的(de)國(guo)貨(huo)情(qing)結(jie)體(ti)現(xian)在(zai)每(mei)個(ge)國(guo)人(ren)身(shen)上(shang)。有(you)媒(mei)體(ti)報(bao)道(dao),韓(han)國(guo)明(ming)星(xing)金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)曾(zeng)被(bei)邀(yao)請(qing)到(dao)中(zhong)國(guo)來(lai)參(can)加(jia)商(shang)業(ye)活(huo)動(dong),金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)發(fa)現(xian)車(che)隊(dui)中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)韓(han)國(guo)車(che),就(jiu)拒(ju)絕(jue)乘(cheng)坐(zuo)德(de)國(guo)進(jin)口(kou)車(che)離(li)開(kai)。金(jin)喜(xi)善(shan)說(shuo)自(zi)己(ji)是(shi)韓(han)國(guo)人(ren),就(jiu)應(ying)該(gai)坐(zuo)本(ben)國(guo)車(che)。前(qian)蘇(su)聯(lian)也(ye)是(shi)如(ru)此(ci),國(guo)人(ren)普(pu)遍(bian)有(you)濃(nong)厚(hou)的(de)國(guo)貨(huo)情(qing)結(jie)。而(er)事(shi)實(shi)證(zheng)明(ming)裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)品(pin)隻(zhi)有(you)經(jing)過(guo)"用",才能變得越來越好。
中zhong國guo機ji械xie工gong業ye聯lian合he會hui原yuan總zong工gong程cheng師shi隋sui永yong濱bin指zhi出chu,振zhen興xing裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye任ren重zhong道dao遠yuan,是shi一yi項xiang長chang期qi的de戰zhan略lve部bu署shu和he安an排pai,雖sui然ran國guo家jia已yi經jing出chu台tai相xiang關guan政zheng策ce支zhi持chi重zhong大da裝zhuang備bei國guo產chan化hua,但dan未wei來lai5年(nian)內(nei),中(zhong)國(guo)重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)行(xing)業(ye)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)打(da)造(zao)出(chu)幾(ji)個(ge)大(da)集(ji)團(tuan),形(xing)成(cheng)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)特(te)色(se),在(zai)關(guan)鍵(jian)裝(zhuang)備(bei)方(fang)麵(mian)實(shi)現(xian)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua),裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)真(zhen)正(zheng)意(yi)義(yi)的(de)振(zhen)興(xing)仍(reng)將(jiang)遙(yao)遙(yao)無(wu)期(qi)。故(gu)而(er),相(xiang)關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)該(gai)時(shi)刻(ke)把(ba)握(wo)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)脈(mai)搏(bo),樹(shu)立(li)集(ji)團(tuan)作(zuo)戰(zhan)的(de)意(yi)識(shi);相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
zaijingjiquanqiuhuadejintian,henduokuaguogongsixuanzezaihaiwaitouzijianlishengchanzhizaojidi。muqianhenduowaiziqiyezaihuajianchang。guoneiyonghumaideshiheziqiyedechanpin,suiranzhexiechanpindoushizaiguoneishengchan,danqi80%的(de)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)是(shi)從(cong)國(guo)外(wai)的(de)母(mu)廠(chang)進(jin)口(kou)的(de),這(zhe)些(xie)產(chan)品(pin)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)含(han)量(liang)幾(ji)乎(hu)沒(mei)有(you),而(er)這(zhe)種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)目(mu)前(qian)市(shi)場(chang)中(zhong)又(you)占(zhan)據(ju)著(zhe)相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong),無(wu)形(xing)中(zhong)擠(ji)占(zhan)了(le)國(guo)內(nei)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)空(kong)間(jian)。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
對(dui)於(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)而(er)言(yan),希(xi)望(wang)購(gou)買(mai)的(de)設(she)備(bei)質(zhi)量(liang)優(you)良(liang),技(ji)術(shu)先(xian)進(jin),這(zhe)都(dou)無(wu)可(ke)厚(hou)非(fei)。當(dang)然(ran),國(guo)內(nei)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)推(tui)進(jin)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)上(shang)也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)許(xu)多(duo)質(zhi)量(liang)上(shang)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)因(yin)此(ci)否(fou)認(ren)其(qi)取(qu)得(de)的(de)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)成(cheng)績(ji),懷(huai)疑(yi)其(qi)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)水(shui)平(ping),拒(ju)絕(jue)搭(da)建(jian)平(ping)台(tai)、geiyuzhanxiandejihui。congmouzhongyiyishangeryan,zuoweichanyelianshangxiayouguanxi,yonghuhezhuangbeiyerutongchunchi,cunzaijinmideguanxi,yirongjurong,yisunjusun。yinci,ruoxiangzuoqiangwoguozhuangbeizhizaoye,shixianwoguozhuangbeizhizaoyedeqiangguozhimeng,jiasutuijinzhuangbeizhizaoyeguochanhuajincheng,shixianqizizhuhuachuangxin,shiwoguozhengfu、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。