http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-26 16:36:03 來源:中國能源報

近jin期qi,天tian然ran氣qi發fa電dian設she備bei維wei修xiu成cheng本ben過guo高gao備bei受shou業ye內nei熱re議yi。打da破po壟long斷duan,實shi現xian設she備bei國guo產chan化hua成cheng為wei能neng源yuan裝zhuang備bei領ling域yu的de發fa展zhan期qi許xu。今jin年nian上shang半ban年nian,中zhong國guo質zhi量liang協xie會hui發fa布bu的de2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、成(cheng)套(tao)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)下(xia),配(pei)套(tao)基(ji)礎(chu)件(jian)短(duan)板(ban)效(xiao)應(ying)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)明(ming)顯(xian),關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)依(yi)賴(lai)進(jin)口(kou),國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)集(ji)團(tuan)壟(long)斷(duan),成(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)做(zuo)強(qiang)做(zuo)大(da)的(de)軟(ruan)肋(lei)。在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)上(shang),外(wai)商(shang)總(zong)會(hui)切(qie)中(zhong)要(yao)害(hai)的(de)抬(tai)高(gao)關(guan)鍵(jian)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)價(jia)格(ge),使(shi)得(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)仍(reng)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)國(guo)外(wai)。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
jujizhelejie,muqianyuguowaishebeixiangbi,guochanshebeidezuidayoushihaishizaiyujiage,yibanguochanshebeidejiagejinweijinkoutongleichanpindeerfenzhiyihuosanfenzhiyi,gaodangcidechanpinyuguowaitongleichanpinxiangbijiagechajugengda,bufenshebeiyijingwanquanshixianguochanhua。danjibianruci,guoneidecaigouyonghuquerengyigezhongjiekoujujueshiyong,huozherenweishezhigezhongzhangai,zengjiaguochanzhuangbeijinrudaxingshichangdemenkan。haiyouyixieshiyongdanweizaicaigoushebeishi,mangmuzhuiqiushiyongguowaixianjindejishuheshebei,jibukaolvxingjiabi,yebukaolvguoneizhizaoyedetongbufazhan。yixiangjishuhaimeiyoutuiguang,youquzhuiqiuqitajishuhuozhuangbei,zaochengtongleizhuangbeidezhongfuyinjin。
記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)調(tiao)查(zha)中(zhong),多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)認(ren)同(tong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)采(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)受(shou)歧(qi)視(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)實(shi)。在(zai)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)海(hai)關(guan)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)統(tong)計(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),隨(sui)著(zhe)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao),重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)進(jin)口(kou)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)金(jin)額(e)卻(que)並(bing)未(wei)減(jian)少(shao),反(fan)之(zhi)還(hai)在(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)。
真(zhen)的(de)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)品(pin)不(bu)能(neng)滿(man)足(zu)經(jing)濟(ji)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)嗎(ma)?其(qi)實(shi)不(bu)然(ran)。一(yi)名(ming)從(cong)事(shi)設(she)備(bei)采(cai)購(gou)的(de)業(ye)內(nei)人(ren)士(shi)告(gao)訴(su)記(ji)者(zhe),目(mu)前(qian)阻(zu)礙(ai)設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan),國(guo)內(nei)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)采(cai)購(gou)用(yong)戶(hu)有(you)不(bu)可(ke)推(tui)卸(xie)的(de)責(ze)任(ren)。例(li)如(ru),在(zai)設(she)備(bei)投(tou)標(biao)中(zhong)這(zhe)些(xie)用(yong)戶(hu)一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)四(si)種(zhong)表(biao)現(xian),第(di)一(yi)種(zhong),業(ye)主(zhu)會(hui)明(ming)確(que)表(biao)示(shi),隻(zhi)用(yong)進(jin)口(kou)設(she)備(bei),國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)免(mian)談(tan),國(guo)內(nei)廠(chang)商(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)吃(chi)閉(bi)門(men)羹(geng)。第(di)二(er)種(zhong),業(ye)主(zhu)在(zai)標(biao)書(shu)中(zhong)完(wan)全(quan)套(tao)用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)參(can)數(shu)。由(you)於(yu)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)設(she)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)、canshubujinxiangtong,shicanjiazhaotoubiaodeguoneichangjiawusuoshicong,genbenbukenengzhongbiao。disanzhong,yezhudecaigoubiaoshuzhimaigeiguowaichangshang。disizhong,yezhugancuizaibiaoshuzhongzhijiezhidingcaigoumouguogongsidemouzhongchanpin。
yiweishiyouzhuanjiabiaoshi,jinshinianlai,woguodaxingshiyoushebeiyijingzhongfujinkouduotao,jiumuqianwomenzhuangbeizhizaoxingyedeshejihezhizaoshuipinglaishuo,yijingjubeishengchannenglile。danshi,guoneiyixieyonghurengshiyilaoyanguanglaikandaiguochanshebei,yitiguochan,jiuyoumomingdegulv,buyuanshiyongguochanshebei,guojiahualedaliangzijinyinjinjishu,zhizaoqiyexiaohuaxishouhouyekaifalexuduoxinchanpin,danwangwangyinmeiyouyituogongchengerdebudaoyanzheng,huobeiyonghuyimeiyouyunxingyejiweiyouboduotoubiaozige,shiwomenzhizaozhuangbeiqiyemeiyoushijiandejihui。chanpinruguomeiyoushijiandejihui,jishuyejiumeiyoudedaogaijindejihui。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
即ji使shi國guo內nei產chan品pin做zuo得de不bu好hao也ye要yao嚐chang試shi去qu用yong,發fa現xian問wen題ti,從cong而er改gai進jin。這zhe一yi點dian,在zai韓han國guo就jiu有you典dian型xing的de例li子zi。其qi國guo人ren的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie體ti現xian在zai每mei個ge國guo人ren身shen上shang。有you媒mei體ti報bao道dao,韓han國guo明ming星xing金jin喜xi善shan曾zeng被bei邀yao請qing到dao中zhong國guo來lai參can加jia商shang業ye活huo動dong,金jin喜xi善shan發fa現xian車che隊dui中zhong沒mei有you韓han國guo車che,就jiu拒ju絕jue乘cheng坐zuo德de國guo進jin口kou車che離li開kai。金jin喜xi善shan說shuo自zi己ji是shi韓han國guo人ren,就jiu應ying該gai坐zuo本ben國guo車che。前qian蘇su聯lian也ye是shi如ru此ci,國guo人ren普pu遍bian有you濃nong厚hou的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie。而er事shi實shi證zheng明ming裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin隻zhi有you經jing過guo"用",才能變得越來越好。
zhongguojixiegongyelianhehuiyuanzonggongchengshisuiyongbinzhichu,zhenxingzhuangbeizhizaoyerenzhongdaoyuan,shiyixiangchangqidezhanlvebushuheanpai,suiranguojiayijingchutaixiangguanzhengcezhichizhongdazhuangbeiguochanhua,danweilai5niannei,zhongguozhongdazhuangbeizhizaoxingyeruguobunengdazaochujigedajituan,xingchengzijidetese,zaiguanjianzhuangbeifangmianshixianguochanhua,zhuangbeizhizaoyezhenzhengyiyidezhenxingrengjiangyaoyaowuqi。guer,xiangguanqiyeyinggaishikebawoshichangdemaibo,shulijituanzuozhandeyishi;相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)全(quan)球(qiu)化(hua)的(de)今(jin)天(tian),很(hen)多(duo)跨(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司(si)選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)海(hai)外(wai)投(tou)資(zi)建(jian)立(li)生(sheng)產(chan)製(zhi)造(zao)基(ji)地(di)。目(mu)前(qian)很(hen)多(duo)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)華(hua)建(jian)廠(chang)。國(guo)內(nei)用(yong)戶(hu)買(mai)的(de)是(shi)合(he)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)產(chan)品(pin),雖(sui)然(ran)這(zhe)些(xie)產(chan)品(pin)都(dou)是(shi)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan),但(dan)其(qi)80%的(de)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)是(shi)從(cong)國(guo)外(wai)的(de)母(mu)廠(chang)進(jin)口(kou)的(de),這(zhe)些(xie)產(chan)品(pin)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)含(han)量(liang)幾(ji)乎(hu)沒(mei)有(you),而(er)這(zhe)種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)目(mu)前(qian)市(shi)場(chang)中(zhong)又(you)占(zhan)據(ju)著(zhe)相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong),無(wu)形(xing)中(zhong)擠(ji)占(zhan)了(le)國(guo)內(nei)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)空(kong)間(jian)。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
duiyuyonghueryan,xiwanggoumaideshebeizhiliangyouliang,jishuxianjin,zhedouwukehoufei。dangran,guoneiqiyezaituijinguochanhuadedaolushangyecunzaixuduozhiliangshangdewenti,danbunengyincifourenqiqudedeguochanhuachengji,huaiyiqiguochanhuadeshuiping,jujuedajianpingtai、geiyuzhanxiandejihui。congmouzhongyiyishangeryan,zuoweichanyelianshangxiayouguanxi,yonghuhezhuangbeiyerutongchunchi,cunzaijinmideguanxi,yirongjurong,yisunjusun。yinci,ruoxiangzuoqiangwoguozhuangbeizhizaoye,shixianwoguozhuangbeizhizaoyedeqiangguozhimeng,jiasutuijinzhuangbeizhizaoyeguochanhuajincheng,shixianqizizhuhuachuangxin,shiwoguozhengfu、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。