http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-28 12:57:39 來源:招商銀行研究 王寶權
受肺炎疫情突發影響,全國各地先後出台延遲複工安排。湖北省放假延至2月13日,北京、上海、重慶、湖南、河南、山東、安徽、廣東、江蘇等地假期延長至2月9日。鍾南山院士判斷本次疫情影響時間短於SARS,我們據此預期延遲複工影響將主要集中於一季度。
本(ben)次(ci)疫(yi)情(qing)對(dui)經(jing)濟(ji)壓(ya)力(li)顯(xian)而(er)易(yi)見(jian),對(dui)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)逆(ni)周(zhou)期(qi)屬(shu)性(xing)且(qie)出(chu)口(kou)占(zhan)比(bi)不(bu)高(gao)的(de)高(gao)端(duan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)來(lai)說(shuo)影(ying)響(xiang)有(you)限(xian),我(wo)們(men)認(ren)為(wei),在(zai)高(gao)端(duan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)子(zi)領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong),逆(ni)周(zhou)期(qi)屬(shu)性(xing)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)國(guo)防(fang)工(gong)業(ye)和(he)軌(gui)道(dao)交(jiao)通(tong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)領(ling)域(yu)受(shou)影(ying)響(xiang)較(jiao)小(xiao);作為經濟二階導的自動化裝備行業受影響最大,或成為景氣度回升最慢的高端裝備子領域;工程機械受益於下遊行業的逆周期調節能力,短期受一定衝擊,但全年景氣度無憂。
一、自動化裝備:短期受疫情衝擊最大,長期或提升需求轉化率
我們認為自動化裝備(數控機床、機器人和激光器等)shishoudaociciyiqingyingxiangzuidadegaoduanzhuangbeixifenzilingyu,zhuyaozaiyuzidonghuazhuangbeixingyedejingqiduyuxiayouzhizaoyexuqiujinmixiangguan,youqishiyingyongzhanbizuigaodeqichehe3C領域。
短期來看,本次疫情所造成的複工推遲將大麵積影響到各製造行業的景氣度。此外,湖北、廣東、浙江、河南、江蘇等疫情較為嚴重的省份是我國汽車和3C領ling域yu比bi較jiao集ji中zhong和he發fa達da地di區qu,將jiang進jin一yi步bu惡e化hua自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei企qi業ye下xia遊you需xu求qiu。由you於yu多duo為wei訂ding單dan式shi生sheng產chan,在zai手shou訂ding單dan難nan以yi按an時shi完wan成cheng會hui同tong行xing業ye下xia遊you需xu求qiu惡e化hua將jiang給gei行xing業ye企qi業ye帶dai來lai一yi定ding的de現xian金jin流liu壓ya力li,尤you其qi是shi中zhong小xiao企qi業ye。疊die加jia自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei出chu口kou受shou到dao限xian製zhi等deng影ying響xiang,我wo們men預yu計ji一yi季ji度du自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei相xiang關guan企qi業ye麵mian臨lin的de現xian金jin流liu壓ya力li較jiao大da,自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei行xing業ye作zuo為wei經jing濟ji的de二er階jie導dao,其qi現xian金jin流liu的de壓ya力li可ke能neng延yan續xu到dao二er季ji度du。
長期來看,本次疫情有望促進自動化設備中機器人更多地走進服務場景,尤其是在體感檢測、配送、送餐、消毒殺菌、醫療、手術等場景中,機器人可以有效的替代人員進行作業,減少和降低不必要的風險;同tong時shi對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei投tou入ru較jiao大da的de企qi業ye在zai麵mian此ci類lei問wen題ti時shi受shou到dao的de影ying響xiang則ze相xiang對dui較jiao小xiao,勞lao動dong力li密mi集ji型xing產chan業ye對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei的de投tou入ru的de優you越yue性xing得de以yi體ti現xian,這zhe或huo將jiang帶dai來lai企qi業ye對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua投tou入ru態tai度du上shang的de部bu分fen轉zhuan變bian,自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei的de潛qian在zai需xu求qiu轉zhuan化hua率lv後hou續xu有you望wang上shang一yi台tai階jie。
二、國防工業:受影響最小的高端裝備子行業
guofanggongyerengranjubeiyidingdejihuajingjisecai,youzhengfuzhudao,jingqiduyujunfeiguimogaoduxiangguan,jiangshishoubenciyiqingyingxiangzuixiaodegaoduanzhuangbeizhizaozilingyu。zhongguozhengchuyuguofangxiandaihua、信息化建設的關鍵時期,存在巨大的裝備換裝與補足需求,軍費已保持多年高速增長。2020年是十三五收官之年,考慮以往五年計劃“前低後高”的規律以及軍改後的訂單恢複性增長,本年度軍費將繼續保持高增速。
從國防工業需求端來看,疫情並不會減少軍費規模與裝備需求;gonggeiduanshengchanjiezoujiangshoudaofugongyanchiyingxiang,youqishiyuancailiaoheyuanqijiandengshangyouhuanjie。canzhaoguofanggongyequanxingyelishijidushengchanshuju,yijidushengchanjinweiquanniande15%zuoyou,womenrenweiyiqingyingxiangzhuyaojizhongzaiyijidu,duiguofanggongyeshengchanyingxiangyouxian,jishiyijidushengchanrenwuxiangduijiaozhongdeshangyouhuanjiezaifugonghoujingguoshengchanjiezoutiaozhengyikemibuqianqiquekou。
三、軌道交通裝備:短期受複工推遲影響,全年將保持高景氣度
軌道交通裝備市場主要由政府主導,景氣度與全國鐵路投資額高度相關。據2020年全國交通運輸工作會議消息,本年度全國計劃完成鐵路投資8000億元,高於2018年的7320億元,略低於2019年8029億元。軌道交通裝備市場有望保持高景氣度。
目前我國鐵路投資持續6000yiyishangtouziyueshinianzuoyou,guidaojiaotongzhuangbeixuqiurengyouxinzengxuqiuzhudao。yiqingduiquannianxinkaitongguidaojiaotonglichengdeyingxiangjianggouchengguidaojiaotongzhuangbeixuqiuduanzhongyaoyingxiangyinzi。womenrenweiruoyiqingruyuqidedaokongzhi,kaolvdaotieluxiangmunizhouqitiaojiefali,guidaojiaotongzhuangbeiquannianxuqiujingqiduyouwangweichizaigaowei。congshengchanduankan,yijidushiguijiaozhuangbeiqiyechuantongdanji,zhanbibuzu20%,對全年訂單交付能力影響有限,我們對全年訂單交付能力保持樂觀。
四、工程機械:短期下行不可避免,對全年景氣度保持相對樂觀
duogeyiqufengchengyijiquanguoxingdeyanqifugongjiangxianzhuyingxiangqiyekaigonghexiayouxuqiushifang。tongchangjiehouweigongchengjixiexiaoshouwangji,benciyiqingwulunshizaiqiyeshengchancengmianhaishixiayouxuqiucengmiangeixingyedailaidefumianyingxiangxianeryijian,xingyejingqiduyijidutongbixiajiangyibukebimian。danshicongquannianlaikan,zaijingjixiaxingyalixia,nizhouqitiaojiezhengceyouwangjiaqiang,housanjiduxiayoujingqiduhuishengyouwangtuidongxingyexuqiutongbizengjia。womenpanduanzaiyiqingzaiyijidudedaoyouxiaoezhideqiantixia,gongchengjixiexingyequannianjingqiduyouwangshouyihousanjidunizhouqitiaojiebaochiquniantongdengshuipinghuoweizeng。