http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-27 11:10:32 來源:招商銀行研究 王寶權
受肺炎疫情突發影響,全國各地先後出台延遲複工安排。湖北省放假延至2月13日,北京、上海、重慶、湖南、河南、山東、安徽、廣東、江蘇等地假期延長至2月9日。鍾南山院士判斷本次疫情影響時間短於SARS,我們據此預期延遲複工影響將主要集中於一季度。
benciyiqingduijingjiyalixianeryijian,duiyouyidingnizhouqishuxingqiechukouzhanbibugaodegaoduanzhuangbeizhizaoyelaishuoyingxiangyouxian,womenrenwei,zaigaoduanzhuangbeizhizaozilingyuzhong,nizhouqishuxingjiaoqiangdeguofanggongyeheguidaojiaotongzhuangbeilingyushouyingxiangjiaoxiao;作為經濟二階導的自動化裝備行業受影響最大,或成為景氣度回升最慢的高端裝備子領域;工程機械受益於下遊行業的逆周期調節能力,短期受一定衝擊,但全年景氣度無憂。
一、自動化裝備:短期受疫情衝擊最大,長期或提升需求轉化率
我們認為自動化裝備(數控機床、機器人和激光器等)shishoudaociciyiqingyingxiangzuidadegaoduanzhuangbeixifenzilingyu,zhuyaozaiyuzidonghuazhuangbeixingyedejingqiduyuxiayouzhizaoyexuqiujinmixiangguan,youqishiyingyongzhanbizuigaodeqichehe3C領域。
短期來看,本次疫情所造成的複工推遲將大麵積影響到各製造行業的景氣度。此外,湖北、廣東、浙江、河南、江蘇等疫情較為嚴重的省份是我國汽車和3C領ling域yu比bi較jiao集ji中zhong和he發fa達da地di區qu,將jiang進jin一yi步bu惡e化hua自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei企qi業ye下xia遊you需xu求qiu。由you於yu多duo為wei訂ding單dan式shi生sheng產chan,在zai手shou訂ding單dan難nan以yi按an時shi完wan成cheng會hui同tong行xing業ye下xia遊you需xu求qiu惡e化hua將jiang給gei行xing業ye企qi業ye帶dai來lai一yi定ding的de現xian金jin流liu壓ya力li,尤you其qi是shi中zhong小xiao企qi業ye。疊die加jia自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei出chu口kou受shou到dao限xian製zhi等deng影ying響xiang,我wo們men預yu計ji一yi季ji度du自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei相xiang關guan企qi業ye麵mian臨lin的de現xian金jin流liu壓ya力li較jiao大da,自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei行xing業ye作zuo為wei經jing濟ji的de二er階jie導dao,其qi現xian金jin流liu的de壓ya力li可ke能neng延yan續xu到dao二er季ji度du。
長期來看,本次疫情有望促進自動化設備中機器人更多地走進服務場景,尤其是在體感檢測、配送、送餐、消毒殺菌、醫療、手術等場景中,機器人可以有效的替代人員進行作業,減少和降低不必要的風險;同tong時shi對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei投tou入ru較jiao大da的de企qi業ye在zai麵mian此ci類lei問wen題ti時shi受shou到dao的de影ying響xiang則ze相xiang對dui較jiao小xiao,勞lao動dong力li密mi集ji型xing產chan業ye對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei的de投tou入ru的de優you越yue性xing得de以yi體ti現xian,這zhe或huo將jiang帶dai來lai企qi業ye對dui於yu自zi動dong化hua投tou入ru態tai度du上shang的de部bu分fen轉zhuan變bian,自zi動dong化hua裝zhuang備bei的de潛qian在zai需xu求qiu轉zhuan化hua率lv後hou續xu有you望wang上shang一yi台tai階jie。
二、國防工業:受影響最小的高端裝備子行業
guofanggongyerengranjubeiyidingdejihuajingjisecai,youzhengfuzhudao,jingqiduyujunfeiguimogaoduxiangguan,jiangshishoubenciyiqingyingxiangzuixiaodegaoduanzhuangbeizhizaozilingyu。zhongguozhengchuyuguofangxiandaihua、信息化建設的關鍵時期,存在巨大的裝備換裝與補足需求,軍費已保持多年高速增長。2020年是十三五收官之年,考慮以往五年計劃“前低後高”的規律以及軍改後的訂單恢複性增長,本年度軍費將繼續保持高增速。
從國防工業需求端來看,疫情並不會減少軍費規模與裝備需求;gonggeiduanshengchanjiezoujiangshoudaofugongyanchiyingxiang,youqishiyuancailiaoheyuanqijiandengshangyouhuanjie。canzhaoguofanggongyequanxingyelishijidushengchanshuju,yijidushengchanjinweiquanniande15%zuoyou,womenrenweiyiqingyingxiangzhuyaojizhongzaiyijidu,duiguofanggongyeshengchanyingxiangyouxian,jishiyijidushengchanrenwuxiangduijiaozhongdeshangyouhuanjiezaifugonghoujingguoshengchanjiezoutiaozhengyikemibuqianqiquekou。
三、軌道交通裝備:短期受複工推遲影響,全年將保持高景氣度
軌道交通裝備市場主要由政府主導,景氣度與全國鐵路投資額高度相關。據2020年全國交通運輸工作會議消息,本年度全國計劃完成鐵路投資8000億元,高於2018年的7320億元,略低於2019年8029億元。軌道交通裝備市場有望保持高景氣度。
目前我國鐵路投資持續6000yiyishangtouziyueshinianzuoyou,guidaojiaotongzhuangbeixuqiurengyouxinzengxuqiuzhudao。yiqingduiquannianxinkaitongguidaojiaotonglichengdeyingxiangjianggouchengguidaojiaotongzhuangbeixuqiuduanzhongyaoyingxiangyinzi。womenrenweiruoyiqingruyuqidedaokongzhi,kaolvdaotieluxiangmunizhouqitiaojiefali,guidaojiaotongzhuangbeiquannianxuqiujingqiduyouwangweichizaigaowei。congshengchanduankan,yijidushiguijiaozhuangbeiqiyechuantongdanji,zhanbibuzu20%,對全年訂單交付能力影響有限,我們對全年訂單交付能力保持樂觀。
四、工程機械:短期下行不可避免,對全年景氣度保持相對樂觀
多duo個ge疫yi區qu封feng城cheng以yi及ji全quan國guo性xing的de延yan期qi複fu工gong將jiang顯xian著zhu影ying響xiang企qi業ye開kai工gong和he下xia遊you需xu求qiu釋shi放fang。通tong常chang節jie後hou為wei工gong程cheng機ji械xie銷xiao售shou旺wang季ji,本ben次ci疫yi情qing無wu論lun是shi在zai企qi業ye生sheng產chan層ceng麵mian還hai是shi下xia遊you需xu求qiu層ceng麵mian給gei行xing業ye帶dai來lai的de負fu麵mian影ying響xiang顯xian而er易yi見jian,行xing業ye景jing氣qi度du一yi季ji度du同tong比bi下xia降jiang已yi不bu可ke避bi免mian。但dan是shi從cong全quan年nian來lai看kan,在zai經jing濟ji下xia行xing壓ya力li下xia,逆ni周zhou期qi調tiao節jie政zheng策ce有you望wang加jia強qiang,後hou三san季ji度du下xia遊you景jing氣qi度du回hui升sheng有you望wang推tui動dong行xing業ye需xu求qiu同tong比bi增zeng加jia。我wo們men判pan斷duan在zai疫yi情qing在zai一yi季ji度du得de到dao有you效xiao遏e製zhi的de前qian提ti下xia,工gong程cheng機ji械xie行xing業ye全quan年nian景jing氣qi度du有you望wang受shou益yi後hou三san季ji度du逆ni周zhou期qi調tiao節jie保bao持chi去qu年nian同tong等deng水shui平ping或huo微wei增zeng。