http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-26 15:29:28 來源:廣東省社科院
2008年是對中小型企業全麵體檢的一年。在1~9月,廣東省停產、歇業、關閉和轉移的中小企業為7148家,但僅僅過去一個月,這個數字就上升為15661家。目前,廣東省工業37個行業中,有29個行業增速同比回落,其中電氣機械、紡織服裝、建築材料、森工造紙、汽車等五大產業的增速明顯回落。針對中小企業麵臨的困境,廣東省政府製定了《關於促進中小企業平穩健康發展的意見》和相關落實方案,省財政調整安排了162億元幫助中小企業度過當前難關。
麵mian對dui強qiang大da的de經jing濟ji寒han流liu,麵mian對dui訂ding單dan減jian少shao外wai需xu收shou縮suo,通tong過guo積ji極ji的de財cai政zheng政zheng策ce刺ci激ji內nei需xu是shi必bi要yao的de,但dan是shi,積ji極ji的de財cai政zheng投tou入ru能neng否fou產chan生sheng作zuo用yong,在zai很hen大da程cheng度du上shang並bing非fei取qu決jue於yu投tou入ru數shu量liang的de多duo少shao,而er是shi能neng否fou在zai內nei需xu與yu內nei源yuan之zhi間jian形xing成cheng良liang性xing互hu動dong的de機ji製zhi。麵mian對dui即ji將jiang到dao來lai的de經jing濟ji不bu景jing氣qi,政zheng府fu的de主zhu要yao任ren務wu不bu是shi簡jian單dan通tong過guo有you限xian的de財cai政zheng投tou入ru確que保bao經jing濟ji增zeng長chang,更geng重zhong要yao的de是shi解jie決jue百bai姓xing就jiu業ye難nan題ti。就jiu業ye才cai是shi民min生sheng之zhi本ben,有you了le就jiu業ye才cai有you收shou入ru,有you了le收shou入ru才cai有you消xiao費fei,有you了le消xiao費fei才cai有you內nei需xu,所suo以yi,任ren何he投tou資zi項xiang目mu必bi須xu與yu創chuang造zao就jiu業ye機ji會hui掛gua鉤gou,中zhong小xiao企qi業ye不bu僅jin數shu量liang眾zhong多duo,更geng是shi解jie決jue社she會hui就jiu業ye的de主zhu要yao力li量liang,因yin此ci,政zheng府fu保bao增zeng長chang更geng要yao保bao就jiu業ye,扶fu持chi大da企qi業ye更geng要yao幫bang助zhu中zhong小xiao企qi業ye,這zhe才cai是shi成cheng功gong的de擴kuo大da內nei需xu。
實現從間接開放到直接占領國內外市場的跨越
坦率地說,改革開放30年廣東最為軟弱的就是過度依賴“兩頭在外、大進大出”的發展模式,這種模式在工業化初期可以有效彌補原始資本積累與本地市場需求的不足。簡單依靠“香港人拿訂單、廣東人管生產”defengongshibugoude,zaichuantongdeliangdifengongzhong,guangdongrenchengdanzhezuidadeshengchanfengxian,youcijuedingzheduixianggangrendeyilaixingyezuiqiang,yidanyougefengchuicaodong,shengchandefengxianjiuhuizhuyaoluozaiguangdongrendetoushang。erguoneiyuancailiaojiagedafubodongchannengguosheng、上半年受南方雪災影響,電網建設項目投入滯後、出口交貨值逐月下滑等因素影響了企業的經營業績,導致了虧損企業增加,更給電工機械、電氣行業帶來嚴峻的挑戰。如果在發展過程中不注意積極培育本地需求與本地中小電工、電氣企業,那麼,這種依賴最終會成為電工、電氣企業進一步發展與轉型的桎梏。
在zai全quan球qiu化hua背bei景jing下xia,資zi源yuan和he財cai富fu通tong過guo市shi場chang調tiao節jie手shou段duan,必bi然ran向xiang效xiao率lv高gao的de企qi業ye和he區qu域yu流liu動dong。目mu前qian工gong業ye化hua國guo家jia能neng夠gou轉zhuan移yi的de產chan業ye,國guo內nei基ji本ben都dou承cheng接jie了le,廣guang東dong中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye再zai次ci指zhi望wang外wai資zi能neng夠gou帶dai動dong新xin的de產chan業ye升sheng級ji,是shi件jian非fei常chang不bu現xian實shi的de事shi情qing。因yin此ci,中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye應ying當dang充chong分fen利li用yong此ci次ci金jin融rong危wei機ji,在zai繼ji續xu保bao持chi與yu外wai商shang緊jin密mi合he作zuo基ji礎chu上shang,盡jin快kuai實shi現xian從cong間jian接jie開kai放fang到dao直zhi接jie占zhan領ling國guo內nei外wai市shi場chang的de跨kua越yue。
電氣機械製造業是廣東工業的主要行業之一,雖然規模大,總產值大,分布廣,但是“大而不強”。企業主要以輸配電及控製設備、電線電纜、電dian池chi為wei主zhu,大da部bu分fen企qi業ye並bing不bu掌zhang握wo核he心xin技ji術shu,隻zhi從cong事shi加jia工gong裝zhuang配pei環huan節jie,從cong高gao新xin技ji術shu產chan業ye的de角jiao度du看kan,附fu加jia值zhi相xiang對dui較jiao低di。與yu此ci同tong時shi,電dian器qi機ji械xie製zhi造zao業ye方fang麵mian的de名ming牌pai也ye較jiao少shao,僅jin擁yong有you中zhong國guo名ming牌pai產chan品pin1個,廣東省名牌產品16ge。guangdongzhongxiaodianqiqiyeyaojinxingziwogeming,jiakuaiqiyezhuanxing,shengchanbierenmeiyounenglishengchandechanpin,tishengziwochuangxinnengli,tongguochuangxindakaishichang,laitishengqiyedexiaolv,zhecaishiduguocicijinrongweijizuihaobanfa。duiyudifangzhengfueryan,chulezuidaxiandudicijibendixuqiu,gengzhongyaodeshiyuzhongxiaodianqiqiyepeihegongtongkaituoguoneiwaishichang,tongguo“走市場、建渠道、樹品牌”彌補廣東電氣企業的生產能力過剩。
鼓勵更多中小電氣企業走出去
在開拓與占領市場上,培育有競爭力的生產型企業固然很重要,但是,鼓勵廣東電氣企業從坐地經商向“走遍千山萬水、曆盡千辛萬苦、說夠千言萬語、想出千方百計”的行商轉變更重要。長期以來,由於廣東率先改革開放,優惠的政策帶來國內外的人流、物流、資金流、信(xin)息(xi)流(liu)都(dou)向(xiang)廣(guang)東(dong)集(ji)聚(ju),從(cong)而(er)培(pei)養(yang)了(le)廣(guang)東(dong)商(shang)人(ren)在(zai)自(zi)己(ji)家(jia)鄉(xiang)談(tan)生(sheng)意(yi)做(zuo)買(mai)賣(mai)的(de)習(xi)慣(guan),隨(sui)著(zhe)廣(guang)東(dong)政(zheng)策(ce)窪(wa)地(di)效(xiao)應(ying)的(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)淡(dan)化(hua),無(wu)論(lun)國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)市(shi)場(chang),原(yuan)來(lai)相(xiang)對(dui)於(yu)廣(guang)東(dong)的(de)賣(mai)方(fang)市(shi)場(chang)已(yi)經(jing)改(gai)變(bian),廣(guang)東(dong)電(dian)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)中(zhong)尋(xun)找(zhao)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)機(ji)遇(yu),廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)隻(zhi)有(you)通(tong)過(guo)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)熟(shu)悉(xi)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)人(ren)文(wen)環(huan)境(jing)才(cai)能(neng)認(ren)識(shi)市(shi)場(chang),廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)隻(zhi)有(you)通(tong)過(guo)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)建(jian)立(li)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)渠(qu)道(dao)才(cai)能(neng)占(zhan)領(ling)市(shi)場(chang),廣(guang)東(dong)人(ren)隻(zhi)有(you)通(tong)過(guo)走(zou)出(chu)去(qu)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)品(pin)牌(pai)才(cai)能(neng)贏(ying)得(de)市(shi)場(chang)。
dangran,zouchuquduiyuzhongxiaodianqiqiyeshiyoujiaodashichangfengxiande,zhejiangdejingyanshidaliangzhongxiaodianqiqiyekeyitongguobaochengtuanzouchuqu,xiaoshanbanzaishichangjingzhengdebotaozhongrongyifanchuan,danshi,ruguokunbangzaiyiqijiukeyidiyushichangdefengchuilangda。changqiyilai,zhengfuzaijingjifazhanzhongbijiaozhuzhongshengchanhuanjieerbutaizhuzhongxiaoshouhuanjie,weici,zhengfushouxianyaozhuanbianguannian,chulezaidianqichanyejijujichushangjiakuaijiansheduidianqichanyeyoumingxiandaidongzuoyongdeshengneidaxingdianqizhuanyeshichangwai,haiyingdangtongguozhengfuzhudaozaiguoneizhuyaozhongxinchengshitouzizujian“廣東電氣商品專業市場”,為wei廣guang東dong大da量liang中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye產chan品pin進jin入ru國guo內nei市shi場chang提ti供gong成cheng本ben較jiao低di的de交jiao易yi平ping台tai。此ci外wai,要yao積ji極ji培pei育yu與yu組zu建jian更geng多duo像xiang阿e裏li巴ba巴ba與yu國guo美mei這zhe樣yang銷xiao售shou渠qu道dao覆fu蓋gai全quan國guo甚shen至zhi全quan球qiu的de大da型xing批pi發fa商shang與yu零ling售shou商shang,通tong過guo政zheng策ce引yin導dao鼓gu勵li大da型xing流liu通tong企qi業ye為wei中zhong小xiao電dian氣qi企qi業ye提ti供gong訂ding單dan服fu務wu。總zong之zhi,在zai開kai拓tuo國guo內nei外wai市shi場chang上shang,政zheng府fu是shi“炮兵”負責清除前進道路上的障礙,電氣企業是“步兵”負責具體拿下每個山頭與陣地,唯有政府與電氣企業同舟共濟,廣東眾多的優質電氣產品才能所向披靡風行天下。
企業應當花大力氣解決內源型經濟發展不足的問題
目(mu)前(qian)大(da)環(huan)境(jing)對(dui)廣(guang)東(dong)電(dian)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)確(que)實(shi)不(bu)容(rong)小(xiao)覷(qu),但(dan)是(shi)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)電(dian)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)采(cai)取(qu)保(bao)守(shou)方(fang)法(fa)保(bao)證(zheng)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia),還(hai)是(shi)采(cai)取(qu)了(le)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)措(cuo)施(shi)積(ji)極(ji)應(ying)對(dui)。中(zhong)小(xiao)電(dian)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)約(yue)而(er)同(tong)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)了(le)通(tong)過(guo)技(ji)術(shu)改(gai)造(zao)降(jiang)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)和(he)通(tong)過(guo)新(xin)產(chan)品(pin)開(kai)發(fa)。除(chu)此(ci)之(zhi)外(wai),也(ye)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)電(dian)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)高(gao)產(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)售(shou)價(jia)格(ge)、caijianrenyuanhetongguorongzikuodaguimodetujing。zaizhengfudefuchifangmian,youqiyexiwangzhengfutigongchanpinyanfazijin。youqiyexiwangzhengfucaigouchanpin。lingwai,bufenqiyetichuxiwangzhengfujiadaduizhongxiaoqiyedefuchilidu,youqishijiadazijinfuchiyijiejuezhongxiaoqiyemianlindezijinduanquewenti。haiyoubufenqiyerenweizhengfuyingjiadalidufuchiyongyouzhenzhenghexinjienengjishujichanpin,fenzhongdian、分層次、分結果投入經費在市場上已取得效果的電氣企業。
有(you)了(le)市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng),廣(guang)東(dong)企(qi)業(ye)應(ying)當(dang)花(hua)大(da)力(li)氣(qi)解(jie)決(jue)內(nei)源(yuan)型(xing)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)不(bu)足(zu)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),廣(guang)東(dong)的(de)內(nei)需(xu)不(bu)足(zu)在(zai)很(hen)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)是(shi)一(yi)次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de),而(er)一(yi)次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)公(gong)平(ping),關(guan)鍵(jian)在(zai)我(wo)們(men)的(de)外(wai)源(yuan)型(xing)經(jing)濟(ji)主(zhu)導(dao)發(fa)展(zhan)模(mo)式(shi)。廣(guang)東(dong)中(zhong)小(xiao)電(dian)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)拽(zhuai)緊(jin)國(guo)外(wai)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),也(ye)要(yao)開(kai)始(shi)嚐(chang)試(shi)涉(she)足(zu)國(guo)內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)。
zhejiangjingyanbiaoming,weiyourangquanmindoujiarudaochuangyededuiwuzhonglai,fazhandechengguocainengzuidaxianduweiquanmingongxiang,shehuicaifudefenpeicaixiandebijiaogongping。burandehua,guangdongrenzhinengtongguodagongzhuandianxiaoqian,tongguochuzushoudianzujin,youxiandeziyuanzhinengbeibierenliyong,youxiandecaifuzhinengbeitarenfenxiang。zaijingjixiaotiaoshiqi,yaoguliguangdongrenzaidijiashijijishougoujianbingwaiziqiye,tongguochuangyejiangguangdongdecaifuyoushibianchengfazhanyoushi,tongguochuangyejiangguangdongdewaiyuanxingjingjiyoushizhuanbianweineiyuanxingjingjiyoushi。yaojiakuaifazhanyupeiyuchengshudeguangdongchanquanshichangyuzibenshichang,zaijijituozhanguoneiwaixiaofeishichangdetongshi,yaozhidingyudangnianzhaoshangyinziyiyangyouhuidechuangyezhengce,xiyinquanshehuixiansanzijinjinruyoujingzhenglideshitijingjilingyu,yaojiaqiangguangdongzhizhuchanyedejingyingfengxianyanjiu,jiaqiangguangdongzhizhuchanyedezizhuchuangxin,shilaobaixingzaiguangdongdejingjifazhanzhonghuodezuidadecaichanxingshouru。zaijingjixiaotiaoshiqi,yindaobaixingguoduoqiwangzhanggongzizengjiashourushibuxianshide,tongguopeiyufadadezibenshichangzengjiabaixingdecaichanxingshourukenengyiyigengda。yingdangkandao,ciciquanqiujinrongweijisuiranduixunijingjiyingxianghenda,danshi,tongguoeliehuanjingdeyoushenglietai,xiangxinzaiweilaiderizili,tuweierchudejiangshijuyouzhenzhengshili,youjudafazhanqiantudezhongxiaodianqiqiye。jingguoxingfengxueyudekaoyanhou,guangdongdeshitijingjizaizhongxinxipaiyihou,yidinghuizaifadadezibenshichangjichushangzaicijueqi。