http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-27 10:28:19 來源:新浪
芝加哥大學的胡靜師和托馬斯 羅森鮑姆認為:他們倆發明了一種這樣的耐高溫傳感器。根據他們發表在《自然材料》雜za誌zhi上shang的de文wen章zhang說shuo,他ta們men一yi直zhi在zai試shi驗yan通tong過guo加jia入ru多duo種zhong非fei金jin屬shu材cai料liao以yi使shi這zhe些xie傳chuan感gan器qi最zui終zhong的de性xing能neng能neng像xiang金jin屬shu傳chuan感gan器qi那na樣yang好hao。經jing過guo長chang時shi間jian的de研yan究jiu,他ta們men堅jian信xin他ta們men已yi發fa明ming了le一yi種zhong能neng適shi應ying陶tao瓷ci引yin擎qing高gao溫wen的de傳chuan感gan器qi。
使運動傳感器適應引擎極端高溫的方法,用金屬材料製作汽車引擎的缺點就是由於金屬的特性,它們的溫度會變得很高。而金屬在攝氏700度時強度就開始逐漸降低,因此引擎的設計必須考慮到降溫以阻止金屬因高溫而崩壞。
這樣做有兩個方麵的缺點。第一,浪費能源;第二,製造商們被迫花費大量的財力和精力去開發更為先進的製冷係統。
解決這個問題的方法之一就是使用陶瓷而非金屬材料製作引擎。陶瓷引擎能夠承受攝氏3000度du而er不bu崩beng壞huai。這zhe樣yang的de引yin擎qing無wu需xu任ren何he製zhi冷leng係xi統tong。可ke惜xi的de是shi,那na些xie用yong來lai監jian控kong引yin擎qing性xing能neng的de傳chuan感gan器qi同tong樣yang也ye不bu能neng耐nai受shou高gao溫wen。而er性xing能neng得de不bu到dao監jian控kong的de引yin擎qing就jiu不bu能neng得de到dao控kong製zhi。這zhe麼me看kan來lai,一yi款kuan耐nai高gao溫wen傳chuan感gan器qi似si乎hu大da有you用yong武wu之zhi地di。
rujindeyinqingchuanganqiyiyuanyuanbushizaoxieniandenaxiegangsuosudujihelichengjisuonengxiangtibinglundele。xianzai,tamenjiluxiayinqingfeilundezhuandong,feilunfuzejieshouhuosaidenengliangbingjingyouliheqichuansonggeichelun;ranhouzhexiechuanganqijiangganyingshujuchuansongdaoweiyuyibiaopandezhuansuji,erzaijingguoshidangdijiangchuandongxiangdeyingxiangnaruzhongxinjisuandefanweihou,zhongxinjisuanguodeganyingshujuyebeichuanrusuduji,zheyangsijijiukeyihenfangbianmingledikandaozheliangxiangshuju。yucitongshi,yinqingguanlixitongtongguojieshouzhexieshujuyitiaozhengyinqingyizuijiazhuangtaiyunxing。
感(gan)應(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)通(tong)過(guo)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)調(tiao)速(su)輪(lun)邊(bian)緣(yuan)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)點(dian)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)。由(you)磁(ci)阻(zu)材(cai)料(liao)製(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)正(zheng)處(chu)於(yu)調(tiao)速(su)輪(lun)邊(bian)緣(yuan)的(de)殼(ke)室(shi)裏(li)。在(zai)磁(ci)阻(zu)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong),電(dian)子(zi)流(liu)的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)強(qiang)度(du)隨(sui)感(gan)應(ying)到(dao)的(de)磁(ci)場(chang)強(qiang)度(du)變(bian)化(hua)而(er)變(bian)化(hua)。當(dang)飛(fei)輪(lun)轉(zhuan)速(su)增(zeng)大(da)或(huo)者(zhe)降(jiang)低(di)時(shi),同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)磁(ci)標(biao)記(ji)點(dian)經(jing)過(guo)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)也(ye)隨(sui)之(zhi)變(bian)化(hua)。相(xiang)應(ying)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)波(bo)動(dong)也(ye)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)引(yin)擎(qing)的(de)運(yun)轉(zhuan)情(qing)況(kuang)。
cihuataociyinqingdefeilunbucunzairenhewenti。xuduocailiaodounengzaigaowenzhuangtaixiabaochiqicixing。raner,chuanganqizainayangdegaowenxiaquehuisangshiqizucixing,zheshiyinweizuchengtamendecailiaozaigaowenxiahuifashengyuanzicengmiandepailiewenluan。
zaiwendingdexitongzhong,dianzipailiezhengqiyizhi。zhejiushiweishenmezaixiangduidiwentiaojianxiashihechuangzaozucihuanjing。zaigaowentiaojianxia,yuanzishouji,congerhuiganraodianziliujinerpohuaicixiangying。huboshiheluosenbaomuboshifaxiandejiushiyizhongjishichuyuyuanziwenluanzhuangtaiyebuyingxiangdianziliudecailiao。
他(ta)們(men)之(zhi)前(qian)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)專(zhuan)注(zhu)於(yu)硒(xi)化(hua)銀(yin)以(yi)及(ji)碲(di)化(hua)銀(yin)化(hua)合(he)物(wu),這(zhe)兩(liang)種(zhong)化(hua)合(he)物(wu)在(zai)自(zi)然(ran)界(jie)中(zhong)都(dou)對(dui)磁(ci)性(xing)有(you)惰(duo)性(xing)。他(ta)們(men)發(fa)現(xian)多(duo)加(jia)入(ru)少(shao)量(liang)的(de)銀(yin)能(neng)使(shi)得(de)這(zhe)些(xie)化(hua)合(he)物(wu)更(geng)具(ju)有(you)阻(zu)磁(ci)性(xing)。在(zai)某(mou)些(xie)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)這(zhe)些(xie)多(duo)餘(yu)的(de)銀(yin)在(zai)擾(rao)亂(luan)材(cai)料(liao)本(ben)身(shen)的(de)同(tong)時(shi),會(hui)提(ti)供(gong)給(gei)電(dian)子(zi)一(yi)條(tiao)高(gao)傳(chuan)導(dao)性(xing)的(de)通(tong)道(dao)來(lai)流(liu)動(dong)。可(ke)惜(xi)這(zhe)隻(zhi)能(neng)存(cun)在(zai)與(yu)低(di)溫(wen)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)。僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)在(zai)略(lve)高(gao)與(yu)室(shi)溫(wen)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia),這(zhe)個(ge)效(xiao)果(guo)都(dou)會(hui)消(xiao)失(shi)。
經過更進一步的研究,他們發現自己所尋找的是一種名字聽起來很不同尋常的物質———tihuayin。tamenxianjiangzhezhongwuzhidejingtifensuichengxiaotijisuipian,dangbazhexiesuipianzaizuhezaiyiqishi,tamenfaxian,zhexiesuipiandebianyuanhuixingchengnengshidianziliudongdetongdao,congershidezhezhongcailiaojubeixihuayinhedihuayinnayangdezucixing,zhibuguozhezhongzucixingshizaigaowentiaojianerbushidiwentiaojianxiashixiande。zaizuciwuzhideshijieli,sihuquyuezhexiechuanganqidefangshijiushixiaoxiaodiraoluanyixiatamendezhixu。