金融危機下我國製造業企業如何自救?
http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-28 07:29:56 來源:新華網
愈(yu)演(yan)愈(yu)烈(lie)的(de)全(quan)球(qiu)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)已(yi)經(jing)對(dui)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)造(zao)成(cheng)影(ying)響(xiang),外(wai)部(bu)市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu)大(da)幅(fu)減(jian)弱(ruo),對(dui)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)影(ying)響(xiang)首(shou)當(dang)其(qi)衝(chong)。日(ri)前(qian)在(zai)天(tian)津(jin)舉(ju)行(xing)的(de)第(di)五(wu)屆(jie)中(zhong)國(guo)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)論(lun)壇(tan)中(zhong),參(can)會(hui)企(qi)業(ye)代(dai)表(biao)接(jie)受(shou)采(cai)訪(fang)時(shi)表(biao)示(shi),在全球金融危機下,製造業企業不應過多抱怨外部環境,而更需要“積極自救”的思維模式。麵對危機積極反思企業問題,迅速做出戰略調整;進一步加大自主創新和精細化管理;同時,抓住國家擴大內需政策和國際產業轉移帶來的機遇,獲得拓展發展新空間。
冷靜反思問題 迅速調整戰略
在(zai)全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)濟(ji)放(fang)緩(huan)的(de)大(da)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia),製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)外(wai)部(bu)需(xu)求(qiu)減(jian)弱(ruo),創(chuang)造(zao)效(xiao)益(yi)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)困(kun)難(nan),製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)產(chan)能(neng)麵(mian)臨(lin)重(zhong)新(xin)調(tiao)整(zheng)。冷(leng)靜(jing)地(di)正(zheng)視(shi)危(wei)機(ji),迅(xun)速(su)調(tiao)整(zheng)企(qi)業(ye)戰(zhan)略(lve)應(ying)對(dui)危(wei)機(ji)成(cheng)為(wei)很(hen)多(duo)優(you)秀(xiu)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)。
aiboruiguanlizixunyouxiangongsijishuzongjianxiekejianbiaoshi,qiyeshouxianxuyaofansizhanlvefangxiang,zaicaiwuhechengbenshangjinxingtiaozheng,jinkenengjianshaokucunshifangxianjin,xiaochulangfei,shousuobuchuangzaojiazhidehuodong,weiweilaideshengcunzuohaozhunbei。zaizhexietiaozhengdejichushangxunzhaozhanlvejihui。
邦(bang)迪(di)汽(qi)車(che)係(xi)統(tong)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)中(zhong)國(guo)汽(qi)車(che)動(dong)力(li)總(zong)成(cheng)是(shi)專(zhuan)門(men)為(wei)豐(feng)田(tian)工(gong)廠(chang)配(pei)套(tao)的(de)跨(kua)國(guo)公(gong)司(si),北(bei)方(fang)區(qu)總(zong)經(jing)理(li)馮(feng)成(cheng)玉(yu)表(biao)示(shi),應(ying)對(dui)危(wei)機(ji)公(gong)司(si)成(cheng)立(li)了(le)全(quan)球(qiu)性(xing)的(de)由(you)高(gao)層(ceng)管(guan)理(li)機(ji)構(gou)組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)應(ying)對(dui)小(xiao)組(zu),形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)三(san)方(fang)麵(mian)指(zhi)令(ling)。首(shou)先(xian)重(zhong)視(shi)影(ying)響(xiang),快(kuai)速(su)調(tiao)整(zheng);第二積極心態應對,加大研發力量;第三,在危機中識別新的機會。歐美市場萎縮後出口降低,豐田調整其全球銷售計劃,在中國銷售額目標下降10%,這是豐田在中國第一次銷售額下降的調整,對此邦迪迅速調整生產計劃,避免現實的浪費。
安徽江淮汽車集團有限公司JAC大學校長康易成介紹,江淮汽車集團應對危機積極反思戰略方向,找出在戰略執行上的問題;同時,實行財務從緊的政策,重新梳理年初的預算壓縮各種費用,第三大幅壓縮人力資源精兵簡政。
企業專家表示,危機暴露出我國製造業存在基礎管理粗放以及戰略規劃短視的現象,目前是需要冷靜審視的時候了。
日ri本ben平ping山shan有you限xian公gong司si豐feng田tian生sheng產chan技ji術shu顧gu問wen林lin田tian博bo光guang表biao示shi,有you危wei機ji時shi才cai會hui有you強qiang大da的de製zhi造zao業ye,豐feng田tian生sheng產chan方fang式shi就jiu是shi在zai環huan境jing惡e劣lie的de情qing況kuang下xia產chan生sheng的de。目mu前qian製zhi造zao業ye企qi業ye麵mian臨lin共gong同tong的de現xian象xiang是shi市shi場chang需xu求qiu小xiao,因yin此ci,如ru何he保bao存cun實shi力li,有you效xiao安an排pai剩sheng餘yu人ren員yuan,提ti高gao生sheng產chan效xiao益yi是shi最zui重zhong要yao的de。而er中zhong國guo製zhi造zao業ye生sheng產chan方fang式shi中zhong浪lang費fei太tai多duo了le,應ying該gai需xu要yao反fan思si。
kangyichengbiaoshi,zheciweijidaolai,shouxianbaoluchuyixieqiyejichuguanlidequeshiheruohua,zaizheyangdeshikegengyinggaijingxiaxinlai,jinxingjichuguanlidebuke。birujingyiguanlishiqiyeshengchandehaodefangfa,ranerhenduoqiyezuobudaowei,langfeidachengbenda,zheyangbenlailirundideqingkuangxia,qiyehennanzuoxiaqu。ruguoqiyecongyikaishijiujiangjichuguanlixihua,jiunengbijiaocongrongyingduiweiji。
第di二er,企qi業ye戰zhan略lve存cun在zai問wen題ti。很hen多duo企qi業ye隻zhi看kan到dao眼yan前qian的de利li益yi,不bu能neng企qi劃hua未wei來lai,企qi業ye應ying該gai不bu斷duan能neng夠gou預yu測ce未wei來lai問wen題ti和he做zuo出chu應ying對dui準zhun備bei,危wei機ji麵mian前qian有you預yu應ying能neng力li,就jiu不bu會hui手shou忙mang腳jiao亂luan。
苦練內功 加大自主創新精益管理
被(bei)訪(fang)企(qi)業(ye)認(ren)為(wei),每(mei)一(yi)次(ci)經(jing)濟(ji)危(wei)機(ji)都(dou)是(shi)優(you)勝(sheng)劣(lie)汰(tai)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng),好(hao)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)斷(duan)創(chuang)新(xin)生(sheng)產(chan)研(yan)發(fa),提(ti)升(sheng)管(guan)理(li)模(mo)式(shi),增(zeng)加(jia)人(ren)才(cai)儲(chu)備(bei),競(jing)爭(zheng)優(you)勢(shi)就(jiu)會(hui)充(chong)分(fen)體(ti)現(xian),而(er)隻(zhi)靠(kao)低(di)成(cheng)本(ben)擴(kuo)張(zhang)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)很(hen)快(kuai)就(jiu)被(bei)淘(tao)汰(tai)掉(diao),這(zhe)樣(yang)合(he)理(li)的(de)有(you)序(xu)的(de)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)秩(zhi)序(xu)才(cai)能(neng)建(jian)立(li)。因(yin)此(ci),企(qi)業(ye)需(xu)要(yao)練(lian)好(hao)內(nei)功(gong),才(cai)能(neng)更(geng)加(jia)適(shi)應(ying)環(huan)境(jing)變(bian)化(hua)。
愛(ai)波(bo)瑞(rui)管(guan)理(li)谘(zi)詢(xun)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)總(zong)經(jing)理(li)王(wang)洪(hong)豔(yan)指(zhi)出(chu),當(dang)前(qian)這(zhe)種(zhong)大(da)的(de)危(wei)機(ji)形(xing)勢(shi)下(xia),推(tui)行(xing)精(jing)益(yi)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。第(di)一(yi)精(jing)益(yi)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)自(zi)救(jiu)的(de)思(si)維(wei)模(mo)式(shi)。當(dang)年(nian)豐(feng)田(tian)擺(bai)脫(tuo)危(wei)機(ji)主(zhu)要(yao)靠(kao)自(zi)救(jiu)的(de)思(si)維(wei)方(fang)式(shi),具(ju)體(ti)表(biao)現(xian)流(liu)程(cheng)優(you)化(hua),避(bi)免(mian)浪(lang)費(fei),極(ji)大(da)程(cheng)度(du)上(shang)提(ti)高(gao)效(xiao)率(lv),創(chuang)造(zao)價(jia)值(zhi),當(dang)市(shi)場(chang)萎(wei)縮(suo)後(hou)采(cai)取(qu)內(nei)部(bu)挖(wa)潛(qian),避(bi)免(mian)浪(lang)費(fei)增(zeng)加(jia)利(li)潤(run)提(ti)高(gao)效(xiao)益(yi),對(dui)所(suo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)論(lun)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)和(he)服(fu)務(wu)業(ye)都(dou)非(fei)常(chang)必(bi)要(yao)。
浙(zhe)江(jiang)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)民(min)營(ying)企(qi)業(ye)盾(dun)安(an)閥(fa)門(men)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)總(zong)經(jing)理(li)王(wang)建(jian)表(biao)介(jie)紹(shao),金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)來(lai)臨(lin),對(dui)浙(zhe)江(jiang)的(de)中(zhong)小(xiao)家(jia)族(zu)式(shi)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)成(cheng)本(ben)壓(ya)力(li)更(geng)大(da)。僅(jin)幾(ji)個(ge)月(yue)來(lai)原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)價(jia)格(ge)大(da)幅(fu)下(xia)跌(die),今(jin)年(nian)10月份電解銅由6萬wan元yuan一yi噸dun下xia降jiang到dao三san萬wan元yuan一yi噸dun,原yuan材cai料liao價jia格ge持chi續xu下xia跌die帶dai來lai產chan品pin降jiang價jia,加jia上shang市shi場chang對dui降jiang價jia的de預yu期qi,很hen多duo產chan品pin賣mai不bu出chu去qu,庫ku存cun壓ya力li加jia大da,一yi些xie企qi業ye因yin此ci而er倒dao閉bi。正zheng是shi由you於yu公gong司si較jiao早zao地di發fa現xian企qi業ye管guan理li中zhong的de問wen題ti,推tui行xing精jing益yi化hua管guan理li改gai革ge,有you效xiao地di規gui避bi了le眾zhong多duo企qi業ye麵mian臨lin的de危wei機ji。
他表示,今年4yuefenyilaisuiranqiyedingdanhaihao,dansuizhefangjiaxiadie,youxiechanpinmeiyoushixiaoduilu,zhujianfaxianqiyekucunpinkaishizengduo,qiyeguanlicengxiadingjuexin,congguanlishangchedigaibianzheyiwenti,jijituijinjingyishengchan,jiadaleyingshouzhangkuandezhouzhuanlv,kucundafujiangdi。jinnian6月到10月庫存下降了40%,正好解決了金融危機造成原料價格下跌造成的負麵影響。“因此,企業對未來發展非常有信心,我們不怕外部環境的變化。”
很hen多duo被bei訪fang企qi業ye表biao示shi,金jin融rong危wei機ji實shi際ji上shang對dui有you些xie製zhi造zao業ye企qi業ye影ying響xiang很hen小xiao,這zhe些xie企qi業ye最zui大da的de特te點dian是shi擁yong有you核he心xin技ji術shu。即ji使shi歐ou美mei中zhong國guo市shi場chang有you所suo變bian化hua,但dan增zeng值zhi的de核he心xin技ji術shu是shi不bu可ke取qu代dai的de,因yin此ci自zi主zhu創chuang新xin能neng力li強qiang的de企qi業ye生sheng命ming力li就jiu強qiang。
中國工業工程學會會長、天tian津jin大da學xue管guan理li學xue院yuan院yuan長chang齊qi二er石shi認ren為wei,目mu前qian,盡jin管guan我wo國guo製zhi造zao業ye的de技ji術shu創chuang新xin有you所suo提ti高gao,但dan在zai自zi主zhu開kai發fa能neng力li仍reng較jiao薄bo弱ruo,研yan發fa投tou入ru總zong體ti不bu足zu,缺que乏fa世shi界jie一yi流liu的de研yan發fa資zi源yuan和he技ji術shu知zhi識shi,對dui國guo外wai先xian進jin技ji術shu的de消xiao化hua、吸收、創新不足,亟待提升。不但與世界發達國家存在很大差距,而且與新興市場國家也有一定差距。根據韓國產業研究院報告顯示,2007年韓中公司在製造業領域的技術差距為3.8年,韓中製造公司技術差距最大的是鋼鐵和紡織業領域,韓國領先中國4.1年,而在電子領域,兩國公司之間的差距為3.4年。
政策機遇、國際產業轉移機遇
危(wei)機(ji)背(bei)後(hou)意(yi)味(wei)著(zhe)機(ji)遇(yu)。專(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)企(qi)業(ye)界(jie)人(ren)士(shi)分(fen)析(xi),在(zai)這(zhe)次(ci)危(wei)機(ji)中(zhong),優(you)秀(xiu)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)能(neng)夠(gou)快(kuai)速(su)抓(zhua)住(zhu)危(wei)機(ji)背(bei)後(hou)的(de)機(ji)遇(yu),其(qi)中(zhong)需(xu)要(yao)密(mi)切(qie)關(guan)注(zhu)國(guo)家(jia)拉(la)動(dong)內(nei)需(xu)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)機(ji)會(hui)以(yi)及(ji)由(you)危(wei)機(ji)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)機(ji)遇(yu)。
首shou先xian,國guo家jia實shi行xing了le寬kuan鬆song的de貨huo幣bi和he財cai政zheng政zheng策ce,出chu台tai了le拉la動dong內nei需xu的de十shi項xiang措cuo施shi,一yi方fang麵mian緩huan解jie了le資zi金jin壓ya力li,另ling一yi方fang麵mian為wei企qi業ye打da開kai了le市shi場chang。另ling一yi方fang麵mian,由you於yu西xi方fang國guo家jia經jing濟ji形xing勢shi的de持chi續xu惡e化hua,西xi方fang國guo家jia的de製zhi造zao業ye不bu景jing氣qi,給gei中zhong國guo製zhi造zao業ye發fa展zhan帶dai來lai曆li史shi性xing發fa展zhan契qi機ji。全quan球qiu製zhi造zao業ye將jiang重zhong新xin布bu局ju,在zai生sheng存cun和he利li潤run的de壓ya力li下xia,西xi方fang國guo家jia製zhi造zao業ye將jiang加jia速su向xiang亞ya太tai新xin興xing市shi場chang轉zhuan移yi,這zhe勢shi必bi推tui進jin中zhong國guo產chan業ye部bu門men尤you其qi是shi製zhi造zao業ye結jie構gou的de優you化hua。
wangjianbiaobiaoshi,guojialadongneixuzengjiatouzidezhengce,gengduodikaolvdaoqiyedefazhan,congshengchanxingzengzhishuitiaozhengdaoxiaofeixingzengzhishuihou,yiqianqiyetouzihaodeshebeizijinfudanjiaoda,xianzaishuishoukeyidikouyibufenchengben,zheyangqiyetouzideyiyuanjiada。lingwai,nongcunshichangweizuijinwoguofazhanzhongdian,nongcunshichangfazhanxuyaohenduoshengchancailiao,womenqiyedehenduochanpinzainongcungaizaozhongdakaishichang。
fengchengyuzhichu,ladongneixuzhengcezhichihaowuyiwenhuijiadaqiyetouzidelidu,womenkeyicongguowaijiangshengchanxiankuaisuyidaozhongguo,tongshijianghexinyewuyanfazhongxindezongbuyidaozhongguo,tuijinhexinjishudezhuanyiyeshiyigezhanlvexingdezhuanbian。
他表示,稅收減免和設備減稅可以節省一些資金投入,17%deshebeishuikeyijianmianhuozhedikouyixieshuishou,zheyanggongsizaizuoxiangmufenxideshihou,henrongyidedaodongshihuidepizhun,duiyuguoneizhanlvezhuanyishihendadecujin。tongshi,qichexingyejingzhenglitixianzaiyanfashang,yiqianyanfazhongxinzaioumei,muqianjiezhezhegejihuijiangyanfatiaozhengdaozhongguolai,zaizhongguosheliyanfazhongxin,qidongzhegezhanlvetiaozhengyijingshishihoule。