http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-29 12:14:25 來源:中國能源報

近(jin)期(qi),天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)發(fa)電(dian)設(she)備(bei)維(wei)修(xiu)成(cheng)本(ben)過(guo)高(gao)備(bei)受(shou)業(ye)內(nei)熱(re)議(yi)。打(da)破(po)壟(long)斷(duan),實(shi)現(xian)設(she)備(bei)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)成(cheng)為(wei)能(neng)源(yuan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)期(qi)許(xu)。今(jin)年(nian)上(shang)半(ban)年(nian),中(zhong)國(guo)質(zhi)量(liang)協(xie)會(hui)發(fa)布(bu)的(de)2013年全國裝備製造業企業質量管理現狀調查報告顯示,裝備製造企業質量管理成熟度平均值為63.5分(滿分100分),被調查企業關鍵設備的國產化率隻有52.4%。質量管理不成熟、關鍵設備和零部件國產化率低,依然是製約我國裝備製造業轉型升級的主要瓶頸。
業內專家表示,目前一個不可回避的事實是,在裝備製造向高端化、成cheng套tao化hua發fa展zhan的de趨qu勢shi下xia,配pei套tao基ji礎chu件jian短duan板ban效xiao應ying越yue來lai越yue明ming顯xian,關guan鍵jian零ling部bu件jian依yi賴lai進jin口kou,國guo外wai設she備bei集ji團tuan壟long斷duan,成cheng為wei我wo國guo製zhi造zao業ye做zuo強qiang做zuo大da的de軟ruan肋lei。在zai經jing濟ji上shang,外wai商shang總zong會hui切qie中zhong要yao害hai的de抬tai高gao關guan鍵jian零ling部bu件jian價jia格ge,使shi得de裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye仍reng受shou製zhi於yu國guo外wai。
用戶的選擇 促使國產裝備“敗下陣地”
jujizhelejie,muqianyuguowaishebeixiangbi,guochanshebeidezuidayoushihaishizaiyujiage,yibanguochanshebeidejiagejinweijinkoutongleichanpindeerfenzhiyihuosanfenzhiyi,gaodangcidechanpinyuguowaitongleichanpinxiangbijiagechajugengda,bufenshebeiyijingwanquanshixianguochanhua。danjibianruci,guoneidecaigouyonghuquerengyigezhongjiekoujujueshiyong,huozherenweishezhigezhongzhangai,zengjiaguochanzhuangbeijinrudaxingshichangdemenkan。haiyouyixieshiyongdanweizaicaigoushebeishi,mangmuzhuiqiushiyongguowaixianjindejishuheshebei,jibukaolvxingjiabi,yebukaolvguoneizhizaoyedetongbufazhan。yixiangjishuhaimeiyoutuiguang,youquzhuiqiuqitajishuhuozhuangbei,zaochengtongleizhuangbeidezhongfuyinjin。
記(ji)者(zhe)在(zai)調(tiao)查(zha)中(zhong),多(duo)數(shu)人(ren)認(ren)同(tong)國(guo)產(chan)設(she)備(bei)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)采(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)受(shou)歧(qi)視(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)現(xian)實(shi)。在(zai)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)海(hai)關(guan)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)的(de)統(tong)計(ji)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),隨(sui)著(zhe)我(wo)國(guo)裝(zhuang)備(bei)製(zhi)造(zao)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao),重(zhong)大(da)裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)進(jin)口(kou)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)金(jin)額(e)卻(que)並(bing)未(wei)減(jian)少(shao),反(fan)之(zhi)還(hai)在(zai)增(zeng)加(jia)。
真zhen的de是shi我wo國guo的de裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin不bu能neng滿man足zu經jing濟ji快kuai速su發fa展zhan的de需xu要yao嗎ma?其qi實shi不bu然ran。一yi名ming從cong事shi設she備bei采cai購gou的de業ye內nei人ren士shi告gao訴su記ji者zhe,目mu前qian阻zu礙ai設she備bei國guo產chan化hua發fa展zhan,國guo內nei的de一yi些xie采cai購gou用yong戶hu有you不bu可ke推tui卸xie的de責ze任ren。例li如ru,在zai設she備bei投tou標biao中zhong這zhe些xie用yong戶hu一yi般ban會hui出chu現xian四si種zhong表biao現xian,第di一yi種zhong,業ye主zhu會hui明ming確que表biao示shi,隻zhi用yong進jin口kou設she備bei,國guo產chan設she備bei免mian談tan,國guo內nei廠chang商shang直zhi接jie吃chi閉bi門men羹geng。第di二er種zhong,業ye主zhu在zai標biao書shu中zhong完wan全quan套tao用yong國guo外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu參can數shu。由you於yu國guo內nei外wai設she備bei的de技ji術shu標biao準zhun、參can數shu不bu盡jin相xiang同tong,使shi參can加jia招zhao投tou標biao的de國guo內nei廠chang家jia無wu所suo適shi從cong,根gen本ben不bu可ke能neng中zhong標biao。第di三san種zhong,業ye主zhu的de采cai購gou標biao書shu隻zhi賣mai給gei國guo外wai廠chang商shang。第di四si種zhong,業ye主zhu幹gan脆cui在zai標biao書shu中zhong直zhi接jie指zhi定ding采cai購gou某mou國guo公gong司si的de某mou種zhong產chan品pin。
一yi位wei石shi油you專zhuan家jia表biao示shi,近jin十shi年nian來lai,我wo國guo大da型xing石shi油you設she備bei已yi經jing重zhong複fu進jin口kou多duo套tao,就jiu目mu前qian我wo們men裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao行xing業ye的de設she計ji和he製zhi造zao水shui平ping來lai說shuo,已yi經jing具ju備bei生sheng產chan能neng力li了le。但dan是shi,國guo內nei一yi些xie用yong戶hu仍reng是shi以yi老lao眼yan光guang來lai看kan待dai國guo產chan設she備bei,一yi提ti國guo產chan,就jiu有you莫mo名ming的de顧gu慮lv,不bu願yuan使shi用yong國guo產chan設she備bei,國guo家jia花hua了le大da量liang資zi金jin引yin進jin技ji術shu,製zhi造zao企qi業ye消xiao化hua吸xi收shou後hou也ye開kai發fa了le許xu多duo新xin產chan品pin,但dan往wang往wang因yin沒mei有you依yi托tuo工gong程cheng而er得de不bu到dao驗yan證zheng,或huo被bei用yong戶hu以yi沒mei有you運yun行xing業ye績ji為wei由you剝bo奪duo投tou標biao資zi格ge,使shi我wo們men製zhi造zao裝zhuang備bei企qi業ye沒mei有you實shi踐jian的de機ji會hui。產chan品pin如ru果guo沒mei有you實shi踐jian的de機ji會hui,技ji術shu也ye就jiu沒mei有you得de到dao改gai進jin的de機ji會hui。
國人應當擁有 “生土不二”的國貨情結
即ji使shi國guo內nei產chan品pin做zuo得de不bu好hao也ye要yao嚐chang試shi去qu用yong,發fa現xian問wen題ti,從cong而er改gai進jin。這zhe一yi點dian,在zai韓han國guo就jiu有you典dian型xing的de例li子zi。其qi國guo人ren的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie體ti現xian在zai每mei個ge國guo人ren身shen上shang。有you媒mei體ti報bao道dao,韓han國guo明ming星xing金jin喜xi善shan曾zeng被bei邀yao請qing到dao中zhong國guo來lai參can加jia商shang業ye活huo動dong,金jin喜xi善shan發fa現xian車che隊dui中zhong沒mei有you韓han國guo車che,就jiu拒ju絕jue乘cheng坐zuo德de國guo進jin口kou車che離li開kai。金jin喜xi善shan說shuo自zi己ji是shi韓han國guo人ren,就jiu應ying該gai坐zuo本ben國guo車che。前qian蘇su聯lian也ye是shi如ru此ci,國guo人ren普pu遍bian有you濃nong厚hou的de國guo貨huo情qing結jie。而er事shi實shi證zheng明ming裝zhuang備bei產chan品pin隻zhi有you經jing過guo"用",才能變得越來越好。
中zhong國guo機ji械xie工gong業ye聯lian合he會hui原yuan總zong工gong程cheng師shi隋sui永yong濱bin指zhi出chu,振zhen興xing裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao業ye任ren重zhong道dao遠yuan,是shi一yi項xiang長chang期qi的de戰zhan略lve部bu署shu和he安an排pai,雖sui然ran國guo家jia已yi經jing出chu台tai相xiang關guan政zheng策ce支zhi持chi重zhong大da裝zhuang備bei國guo產chan化hua,但dan未wei來lai5niannei,zhongguozhongdazhuangbeizhizaoxingyeruguobunengdazaochujigedajituan,xingchengzijidetese,zaiguanjianzhuangbeifangmianshixianguochanhua,zhuangbeizhizaoyezhenzhengyiyidezhenxingrengjiangyaoyaowuqi。guer,xiangguanqiyeyinggaishikebawoshichangdemaibo,shulijituanzuozhandeyishi;相關用戶應給予大力的支持和配合,應有韓國人“生土不二”的精神,為重大裝備的國產化提供必需的市場機會。
莫讓“本土化” 阻礙“國產化”步伐
zaijingjiquanqiuhuadejintian,henduokuaguogongsixuanzezaihaiwaitouzijianlishengchanzhizaojidi。muqianhenduowaiziqiyezaihuajianchang。guoneiyonghumaideshiheziqiyedechanpin,suiranzhexiechanpindoushizaiguoneishengchan,danqi80%的de零ling部bu件jian是shi從cong國guo外wai的de母mu廠chang進jin口kou的de,這zhe些xie產chan品pin國guo產chan化hua的de技ji術shu含han量liang幾ji乎hu沒mei有you,而er這zhe種zhong產chan品pin在zai目mu前qian市shi場chang中zhong又you占zhan據ju著zhe相xiang當dang大da的de比bi重zhong,無wu形xing中zhong擠ji占zhan了le國guo內nei裝zhuang備bei製zhi造zao產chan品pin的de發fa展zhan空kong間jian。
原機械工業部副部長陸燕蓀告訴記者,近期,一些國外裝備企業通過資本、技術入股等方式在我國投資辦廠,在我們看來,實現了技術裝備的“本土化”。這對於我方學習先進管理經驗、吸收先進技術無疑有著積極意義。但必須清醒地認識到,這些“本土化”了的技術裝備產品,表麵看是在我國生產的,但其關鍵核心技術多掌握在外方,產品最有價值的部分並不是“國產”的。因此,不能因為“本土化”技術裝備產品的增加,而放鬆技術裝備“國產化”的步伐。
對(dui)於(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)而(er)言(yan),希(xi)望(wang)購(gou)買(mai)的(de)設(she)備(bei)質(zhi)量(liang)優(you)良(liang),技(ji)術(shu)先(xian)進(jin),這(zhe)都(dou)無(wu)可(ke)厚(hou)非(fei)。當(dang)然(ran),國(guo)內(nei)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)推(tui)進(jin)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)上(shang)也(ye)存(cun)在(zai)許(xu)多(duo)質(zhi)量(liang)上(shang)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)因(yin)此(ci)否(fou)認(ren)其(qi)取(qu)得(de)的(de)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)成(cheng)績(ji),懷(huai)疑(yi)其(qi)國(guo)產(chan)化(hua)的(de)水(shui)平(ping),拒(ju)絕(jue)搭(da)建(jian)平(ping)台(tai)、geiyuzhanxiandejihui。congmouzhongyiyishangeryan,zuoweichanyelianshangxiayouguanxi,yonghuhezhuangbeiyerutongchunchi,cunzaijinmideguanxi,yirongjurong,yisunjusun。yinci,ruoxiangzuoqiangwoguozhuangbeizhizaoye,shixianwoguozhuangbeizhizaoyedeqiangguozhimeng,jiasutuijinzhuangbeizhizaoyeguochanhuajincheng,shixianqizizhuhuachuangxin,shiwoguozhengfu、製造企業和用戶共同的責任與使命。