礦業巨頭合並給中國鋼企敲響警鍾
http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-26 19:44:58 來源:互聯網
全球礦業巨頭必和必拓公司5月30日(ri)正(zheng)式(shi)向(xiang)歐(ou)盟(meng)委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)遞(di)交(jiao)申(shen)請(qing),希(xi)望(wang)其(qi)收(shou)購(gou)另(ling)一(yi)家(jia)礦(kuang)業(ye)巨(ju)頭(tou)力(li)拓(tuo)公(gong)司(si)的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)能(neng)夠(gou)通(tong)過(guo)歐(ou)盟(meng)的(de)反(fan)壟(long)斷(duan)審(shen)查(zha)。歐(ou)盟(meng)委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)當(dang)天(tian)公(gong)布(bu)的(de)並(bing)購(gou)案(an)件(jian)清(qing)單(dan)顯(xian)示(shi),必(bi)和(he)必(bi)拓(tuo)與(yu)力(li)拓(tuo)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)並(bing)購(gou)交(jiao)易(yi)進(jin)入(ru)了(le)審(shen)查(zha)階(jie)段(duan)。負責歐盟反壟斷事務的歐盟委員會預計將在今年7月4日前作出是否批準的決定。
這已是必和必拓第二次申請,要求收購力拓。2007年11月,必和必拓提出以1400yimeiyuanshougoulituo,danlituohuijuelezheyitiyi。dangshiyoubaodaoshuo,bihebituoyoukenengtigaojiama,zaizuonuli。yinci,shigebannianhou,bihebituozaicitichushenqing,yezairenmenyuliaozhizhong。fenxirenshizhichu,liangtuohebingriyibijin,shenzhiyoukenenghuiyanbianchengguojigangtieqiyedeyichangquanmianweiji,yegeizhengzaibaituoriyipanshengdekuangjiadezhongguogangqiqiaoxianglejingzhong。
keyixiangxiang,yidanliangtuohebing,jiangdanshengyijiaquanqiuxingziranziyuanjutou,qikuangshanbianbuquanqiuliudazhou,jiangzhanquanqiutiekuangshichanliangyusanfenzhiyi。zaijiashangbaxidedanshuihegu,zhesandajutoujiangzhanquanqiutiekuangshichanliangjinsifenzhisan。liangtuohebinghou,tamenzaikuangchanpinshichangshangdehuayuquanhuizengqiang,duiguojikuangchanpinshichanghuichanshengjudayingxiang。zheduiqitagongsijuebushihaoshi,baokuozhongguodegangtieqiyezainei。
一(yi)般(ban)說(shuo)來(lai),中(zhong)國(guo)鋼(gang)企(qi)以(yi)及(ji)亞(ya)洲(zhou)其(qi)它(ta)國(guo)家(jia)的(de)鋼(gang)企(qi)才(cai)是(shi)真(zhen)正(zheng)地(di)不(bu)希(xi)望(wang)看(kan)到(dao)兩(liang)拓(tuo)合(he)並(bing),其(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)是(shi)擔(dan)心(xin)其(qi)合(he)並(bing)後(hou)可(ke)能(neng)帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)鐵(tie)礦(kuang)石(shi)貿(mao)易(yi)壟(long)斷(duan)。目(mu)前(qian),亞(ya)洲(zhou)的(de)鋼(gang)鐵(tie)企(qi)業(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)依(yi)靠(kao)兩(liang)拓(tuo)的(de)鐵(tie)礦(kuang)石(shi)供(gong)應(ying),其(qi)中(zhong),中(zhong)國(guo)約(yue)40%依靠兩拓,日、韓兩國將近60%的de鐵tie礦kuang石shi來lai自zi兩liang拓tuo。據ju了le解jie,由you於yu可ke以yi預yu見jian的de兩liang拓tuo合he並bing帶dai來lai的de壟long斷duan地di位wei,中zhong鋼gang協xie也ye頻pin頻pin表biao示shi反fan對dui兩liang拓tuo合he並bing。並bing多duo次ci鼓gu勵li中zhong國guo鋼gang企qi並bing購gou力li拓tuo公gong司si,試shi圖tu阻zu止zhi必bi和he必bi拓tuo對dui力li拓tuo的de收shou購gou。
眾所周知,幾十年來,必和必拓、力(li)拓(tuo)和(he)巴(ba)西(xi)的(de)淡(dan)水(shui)河(he)穀(gu)三(san)大(da)礦(kuang)業(ye)公(gong)司(si)通(tong)過(guo)一(yi)係(xi)列(lie)合(he)並(bing),成(cheng)長(chang)為(wei)全(quan)球(qiu)性(xing)鐵(tie)礦(kuang)石(shi)供(gong)應(ying)巨(ju)頭(tou)。實(shi)際(ji)上(shang),這(zhe)些(xie)公(gong)司(si)和(he)英(ying)國(guo)的(de)英(ying)美(mei)資(zi)源(yuan)集(ji)團(tuan)控(kong)製(zhi)著(zhe)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)很(hen)多(duo)大(da)型(xing)礦(kuang)山(shan),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)在(zai)澳(ao)大(da)利(li)亞(ya)、智zhi利li和he加jia拿na大da。西xi方fang資zi本ben還hai為wei勘kan探tan項xiang目mu提ti供gong大da部bu分fen資zi金jin,以yi便bian在zai今jin後hou提ti高gao供gong應ying量liang。由you於yu近jin年nian來lai幾ji大da巨ju頭tou加jia速su對dui國guo際ji礦kuang業ye的de壟long斷duan,這zhe種zhong趨qu勢shi大da大da增zeng強qiang了le他ta們men的de獲huo利li潛qian力li,但dan同tong時shi也ye使shi資zi源yuan消xiao費fei大da國guo的de經jing濟ji前qian景jing複fu雜za化hua,對dui中zhong國guo來lai說shuo尤you其qi如ru此ci。
過guo去qu,中zhong國guo的de鐵tie礦kuang石shi基ji本ben能neng夠gou滿man足zu內nei需xu,對dui於yu國guo際ji鐵tie礦kuang石shi市shi場chang關guan注zhu較jiao少shao,特te別bie是shi對dui國guo際ji鐵tie礦kuang石shi供gong應ying商shang之zhi間jian的de競jing爭zheng或huo並bing購gou感gan受shou較jiao小xiao。但dan是shi,隨sui著zhe國guo內nei鐵tie礦kuang石shi需xu求qiu大da增zeng,國guo內nei鋼gang企qi才cai把ba目mu光guang轉zhuan向xiang國guo際ji市shi場chang。由you於yu中zhong國guo企qi業ye對dui鐵tie礦kuang石shi的de強qiang烈lie需xu求qiu導dao致zhi國guo際ji鐵tie礦kuang石shi價jia格ge上shang漲zhang幅fu度du遠yuan高gao於yu鋼gang鐵tie產chan品pin,而er國guo際ji市shi場chang上shang鐵tie礦kuang石shi巨ju頭tou的de高gao度du壟long斷duan,大da大da壓ya縮suo了le鋼gang鐵tie生sheng產chan企qi業ye的de利li潤run空kong間jian。
然ran而er,國guo內nei一yi些xie專zhuan家jia認ren為wei,兩liang拓tuo之zhi間jian這zhe項xiang收shou購gou,也ye讓rang中zhong國guo鋼gang企qi有you機ji會hui參can與yu並bing購gou。首shou鋼gang發fa展zhan研yan究jiu院yuan院yuan長chang戴dai國guo慶qing表biao示shi,如ru果guo兩liang者zhe合he並bing後hou壟long斷duan了le世shi界jie過guo多duo的de鐵tie礦kuang石shi資zi產chan,將jiang需xu要yao被bei迫po出chu售shou部bu分fen資zi產chan,而er這zhe將jiang給gei中zhong國guo企qi業ye提ti供gong購gou買mai的de機ji會hui以yi此ci進jin入ru國guo際ji鐵tie礦kuang石shi市shi場chang領ling域yu。的de確que,今jin年nian2月,中鋁公司就曾聯手美鋁公司砸下140多億美元,收購了力拓12%股份。
不過,根據有關專家對國際礦業多年發展狀況的觀察,中鋁與美鋁聯手收購力拓12%股份,對於兩拓合並的牽製作用十分有限。事實證明,盡管鐵礦石市場競爭十分激烈,但國際資本永遠都在圍繞一個主題——追求利潤的最大化。而對於中國這個鐵礦石消費大國來說,正是國際礦業巨頭獲取最大利益的工具。
據有關數據顯示,2000年至2006年,國際市場鐵礦石價格上漲164%,鐵礦石供貨商平均利潤為57.9%,而鋼鐵價格上漲產品隻有60%,鋼鐵行業平均利潤也隻有17.8%。jinnianlai,youyuzhongguogangtiechukouliangmengzeng,zheshechuduitiekuangshidexinzengxuqiuzaiguojishichangshangduanshiqineishifangdeguoyuqianglie。yinerguojitouziyinxingzaiyifenyucezhongshuo,zhi2010年我國對鐵礦石的需求將達到4.57億噸,比2005年增長77.13%。
有you分fen析xi認ren為wei,對dui於yu兩liang拓tuo合he並bing,即ji便bian外wai界jie反fan對dui聲sheng再zai大da也ye不bu能neng真zhen正zheng影ying響xiang到dao合he並bing,因yin為wei兩liang者zhe之zhi間jian合he並bing的de實shi質zhi是shi股gu權quan製zhi的de。然ran而er,如ru果guo兩liang拓tuo實shi現xian合he並bing,將jiang給gei中zhong國guo鋼gang企qi帶dai來lai嚴yan峻jun挑tiao戰zhan,主zhu要yao是shi中zhong國guo鋼gang企qi今jin後hou與yu礦kuang業ye巨ju頭tou的de鐵tie礦kuang石shi談tan判pan的de難nan度du加jia大da了le,因yin為wei過guo去qu我wo們men麵mian對dui多duo個ge談tan判pan對dui手shou,回hui旋xuan餘yu地di更geng大da,而er現xian在zai變bian成cheng麵mian對dui一yi至zhi兩liang個ge談tan判pan對dui手shou,可ke以yi用yong來lai砍kan價jia的de手shou段duan將jiang會hui越yue來lai越yue少shao。不bu過guo,從cong另ling外wai一yi個ge角jiao度du看kan,這zhe也ye許xu會hui促cu使shi中zhong國guo鋼gang企qi更geng積ji極ji地di收shou購gou海hai外wai礦kuang產chan以yi提ti高gao自zi給gei度du,並bing加jia速su推tui進jin國guo內nei市shi場chang鋼gang鐵tie產chan業ye的de整zheng合he以yi更geng快kuai地di改gai善shan自zi身shen的de議yi價jia地di位wei。