過(guo)去(qu)幾(ji)年(nian)

，人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)突(tu)飛(fei)猛(meng)進(jin)，有(you)可(ke)能(neng)徹(che)底(di)地(di)改(gai)變(bian)包(bao)括(kuo)全(quan)球(qiu)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)在(zai)內(nei)的(de)各(ge)行(xing)各(ge)業(ye)，也(ye)為(wei)企(qi)業(ye)高(gao)管(guan)管(guan)理(li)員(yuan)工(gong)和(he)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)新(xin)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。但(dan)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)新(xin)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing)，企(qi)業(ye)領(ling)導(dao)者(zhe)正(zheng)嚐(chang)試(shi)利(li)用(yong)這(zhe)些(xie)工(gong)具(ju)來(lai)管(guan)理(li)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)和(he)員(yuan)工(gong)團(tuan)隊(dui)。

2023 年 12 月 12 日
，偉創力首席執行官Revathi Advaithi
，同時也作為美國政府供應鏈政策谘詢委員會的一員，在《華爾街日報》CEO 委員會峰會上接受了《華爾街日報》記者 Emily Glazer 的采訪
，Advaithi 在采訪中講述了技術的發展將如何影響日常產品的製造方式，以及她如何應對不確定性，還展望了工作場所和製造業的未來。

Emily Glaze：首(shou)先(xian)讓(rang)我(wo)們(men)談(tan)談(tan)就(jiu)業(ye)市(shi)場(chang)。在(zai)目(mu)前(qian)全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)放(fang)緩(huan)的(de)背(bei)景(jing)下(xia)，你(ni)是(shi)否(fou)覺(jiao)得(de)我(wo)們(men)仍(reng)需(xu)要(yao)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)專(zhuan)家(jia)，或(huo)者(zhe)在(zai)工(gong)廠(chang)車(che)間(jian)投(tou)入(ru)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)呢(ne)？

Revathi Advaithi：dangran。renheyugongyingliandanxingxiangguandejineng，yuruhejinxingshengchanguihuaxiangguanderuanjianjineng，huoruhezhongxintiaozhengruanjianxitongyitigaoxiaolvdejineng
，doushizaishichangshangzhishoukereqiexiquede。womenzhaopinyuangongshihuiwendaoyixiawenti，biru：你能否操作SMTbiaomiantiezhuangjishujiqi？ninengfoucaozuodaxingzhizaoshebei
？nengfouhelitiaopeirenyuan
？worenweigaojinenggongrenrengranhennanzhaodao。tamenrengranshirencaishichangshangdexiqueziyuan。daduoshurengengyuanyiqunaxieshimaoderuanjiangongsi，erbuyuanyiquzhizaoye。yinci，womenrengjiangweiraozhexielingyujinxingzhaopin
，worenweizhaopinsuduhuijiakuai。danzairichanggongzuozhong，womendejinzhanyaomandeduo。

Emily Glaze: 你提到了許多時髦的品牌，我聽說偉創力公司是許多這些公司的幕後功臣。我想

，在過去的24小(xiao)時(shi)裏(li)，我(wo)們(men)中(zhong)的(de)許(xu)多(duo)人(ren)可(ke)能(neng)都(dou)使(shi)用(yong)了(le)偉(wei)創(chuang)力(li)公(gong)司(si)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)，從(cong)吹(chui)風(feng)機(ji)到(dao)咖(ka)啡(fei)機(ji)。你(ni)能(neng)向(xiang)我(wo)們(men)介(jie)紹(shao)一(yi)下(xia)偉(wei)創(chuang)力(li)所(suo)做(zuo)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)及(ji)其(qi)貢(gong)獻(xian)嗎(ma)？

Revathi Advaithi: 當我的孩子們問起 “媽媽，為什麼你們不是做那些我們每天都在使用的很酷
、很有趣產品的公司呢？” 

，我總是說：“我們做的並不是某個品牌。但如果我們不製造這些產品，你們就不會擁有它們。” 但實際上，從吸塵器、chuifengjidaozhifaqi

，womenjihushenmedouzuo。womenzengjingshishoujilingyudejutou，yinweizhongduanchanpinshichangjingzhengtaijiliexianzaiwomenbuzaicanyuqizhong。womenzaiyuntongxin、企業技術領域擁有很大影響力。工業和電力是我們最大的終端市場之一。因此，無論是嵌入式計算電源、設備電源，還是基本的基礎設施
、工業
、zhuzhaihuoshangyelingyu
，doushiwomendezhuyaokehu。ciwai，diandongqicheyeshiwomenzhongyaodepingtaizhiyi。yinci
，womenbujinshejixiaoxingchanpin，haishejipangdadeshebei，bingjiangtamenzaiquanqiufanweineijinxingzhenghe。

Emily Glaze: nimenqueshishejilehenduoxingye。niganggangyetidaolediandongqiche

，narangwomenlaitantangailingyudejingjifazhan。womenduidiandongqichexuqiufanghuanjinxingguobaodao
，zheduinimendeyewukenenghuichanshengshenmeyingxiang
？

Revathi Advaithi: dangran，ruguodiandongqicheshichangfanghuan，womenkendinghuishoudaoyingxiang。danworenwei
，womendezengchangbeiwomendeshichangfenezengchangsuoyangai
，zheshiyinweiwomenzaidiandongqichegongyinglianshangfashenglezhenghe。yinci，wobutaidanxinqichexingye。worenweiqichexingyegengxuyaoguanzhuchannengnengfoushipei？shifouyouzugoudezengchangkongjian？womenzaizhongguodediandongqicheshichangyehenpangda，suiranzengchangyoudianhuanman，danzuijinwomenrengranqudeleyixiejinzhan。diandongqichezaiweilaideqianlijuda，womendediandongqicheyewuzaibeimei、ouzhouhezhongguodouyouguangfandefenbu。yinci

，wobingbudanxinqichexingyehuifanghuan，yinweiworenweiwomendechannengjianghuiyouhendadezengchang。danyoushihou，yixieshichangdefazhanhuibiqitashichangmanyixie。

Emily Glaze: 接(jie)下(xia)來(lai)讓(rang)我(wo)們(men)談(tan)談(tan)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)。你(ni)是(shi)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)小(xiao)組(zu)委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)的(de)成(cheng)員(yuan)

，很(hen)多(duo)工(gong)作(zuo)都(dou)在(zai)研(yan)究(jiu)如(ru)何(he)預(yu)防(fang)一(yi)些(xie)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。你(ni)能(neng)否(fou)向(xiang)我(wo)們(men)介(jie)紹(shao)一(yi)下(xia)你(ni)在(zai)該(gai)小(xiao)組(zu)委(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)上(shang)所(suo)做(zuo)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)
，以(yi)及(ji)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)否(fou)起(qi)到(dao)解(jie)決(jue)全(quan)球(qiu)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)作(zuo)用(yong)嗎(ma)？

Revathi Advaithi：這(zhe)是(shi)個(ge)宏(hong)大(da)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)。我(wo)想(xiang)說(shuo)的(de)是(shi)，我(wo)們(men)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)重(zhong)點(dian)首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)的(de)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)。對(dui)於(yu)美(mei)國(guo)各(ge)地(di)正(zheng)在(zai)興(xing)建(jian)的(de)這(zhe)些(xie)大(da)型(xing)工(gong)廠(chang)來(lai)說(shuo)
，我(wo)們(men)需(xu)要(yao)人(ren)才(cai)來(lai)運(yun)營(ying)這(zhe)些(xie)工(gong)廠(chang)。那(na)麼(me)，我(wo)們(men)該(gai)如(ru)何(he)關(guan)注(zhu)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)規(gui)模(mo)擴(kuo)大(da)的(de)適(shi)配(pei)政(zheng)策(ce)，以(yi)及(ji)幫(bang)助(zhu)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)成(cheng)為(wei)美(mei)國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)真(zhen)正(zheng)貢(gong)獻(xian)者(zhe)？這(zhe)大(da)概(gai)就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)細(xi)分(fen)領(ling)域(yu)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。

Emily Glaze: 你認為我們已經到了那個階段了嗎


，還是說這些工廠正在建設或籌備中

，可能會產生空缺？

Revathi Advaithi: worenweiwomenhaimeidaonayibu。womenmeitiandounengkandaoyixiewenzhang，baodaoweimouxiegongchangpeibeiyuangongyouduomekunnan。zhishaoduiyuzhizaoyelaishuo，peixunjinengtingqilaisihuhenrongyi。danshishibingfeiruci。womenbixushenrudaoxuduonongcunshequ，bangzhujianlishequxueyuan，yijianlizhenzhengyouxiaoderencaishusongtongdao。zhexuyaochangqidenuli。yaoxiangrangzhexiegongchangjixuyunzhuan
，jiubixuzhidingxiangdangyoulideyiminzhengce。womenkeyitichuhenduojianyi，danzhengzhijiamenhuizuotamenbixuzuodeshiqing。youxiejianyikexing
，youxiejianyizebubeikaolv。danzhezhishigongzuodeyigezhuti。woxiangshuodediergegongzuodezhutishiweiraofuyuanli。xiangxiangyiliaoqixie，xiangxiangzaigongyingliandetoumingdufangmianyouduoshaogongzuoyaozuo，congerquebaowomenzhenzhengkaolvjianlichangqidefuyuanli。liru

，womennengfourangzhengfuhesiyingqiyedebutongbumenxieshouhezuo
，jianliyigegengjiatoumingdeyiliaoshebeigongyinglian？congerweiraotajianliyigeqiangdadegongyinglian。ciwai，womenzuizhongyinggailejiezairengongzhinenghegongyingliandeshijielideguihuashishenmeyangde。danwoxiangshuodeshi，duiyugongyinglianxiaozuweiyuanhuilaishuo，zheshiwomenzhengzaikaizhandegongzuodeliangdazhuti，bingyouzhuyuwomentichujianyi。

Emily Glaze: duiyurengongzhinengruhegaishangongyinglian，nitandaoleduanqihechangqiliangfangmiandekaolv
，tajiangruhetigaoweichuanglidexiaolvheshengchanli？ciwai，yingdangruheliyongshujujianhuaquanqiugongyinglianzhongdeyixiezuai？conggengchangyuandejiaodulaikan，niduiweilaidezhanwangshishenme
？ruguoninenggouxiufugongyinglian
，bingshulianhelideyunyongrengongzhinengjishu，naweilaijianghuiruhefazhan？

Revathi Advaithi: 我將分兩部分討論。一部分是基於生產車間的情況。另一部分是從宏觀規劃的角度來分析。在過去的30年裏
，我一直在世界各地的工廠工作。我對未來20年的發展充滿期待。原因是
，如果你考慮到工廠的生產率，它並沒有顯著提高。就像在 21 世紀初、20 世紀 90 年nian代dai末mo，當dang勞lao動dong力li套tao利li大da行xing其qi道dao時shi，你ni會hui看kan到dao很hen多duo新xin興xing經jing濟ji體ti從cong中zhong受shou益yi。而er人ren工gong智zhi能neng在zai某mou種zhong程cheng度du上shang可ke以yi成cheng為wei一yi個ge均jun衡heng器qi。我wo不bu是shi在zai談tan論lun完wan全quan自zi動dong化hua的de大da型xing製zhi造zao廠chang或huo我wo們men經jing營ying的de大da型xing工gong廠chang。但dan是shi你ni考kao慮lv一yi下xia小xiao型xing、中型製造業的人工智能，如果實施成本較低

，那麼硬件機器在提高生產率方麵可能會起到均衡作用。他們可能會有25
、30個ge不bu同tong的de零ling散san軟ruan件jian係xi統tong

，彼bi此ci互hu不bu溝gou通tong

，試shi圖tu在zai工gong廠chang裏li運yun行xing生sheng產chan計ji劃hua時shi間jian表biao。為wei了le彌mi補bu設she備bei利li用yong率lv低di的de問wen題ti，隻zhi能neng增zeng加jia更geng多duo的de設she備bei，資zi本ben將jiang不bu再zai便bian宜yi了le，那na你ni該gai怎zen麼me辦ban
？因yin此ci，我wo覺jiao得de人ren工gong智zhi能neng可ke以yi通tong過guo綜zong合he考kao慮lv以yi下xia因yin素su來lai提ti供gong幫bang助zhu：你ni的de運yun營ying資zi本ben是shi如ru何he部bu署shu的de？能neng否fou提ti高gao設she備bei利li用yong率lv
？把ba所suo有you這zhe些xie結jie合he起qi來lai，我wo認ren為wei人ren工gong智zhi能neng可ke以yi幫bang助zhu提ti高gao工gong廠chang的de生sheng產chan力li。因yin此ci，我wo對dui此ci感gan到dao非fei常chang期qi待dai
，因yin為wei這zhe將jiang給gei中zhong小xiao型xing製zhi造zao業ye帶dai來lai優you勢shi。

Revathi Advaithi: 但(dan)讓(rang)我(wo)們(men)回(hui)到(dao)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)和(he)規(gui)劃(hua)的(de)宏(hong)觀(guan)層(ceng)麵(mian)。我(wo)們(men)剛(gang)剛(gang)經(jing)曆(li)了(le)一(yi)場(chang)供(gong)應(ying)鏈(lian)危(wei)機(ji)。讓(rang)我(wo)感(gan)到(dao)震(zhen)驚(jing)的(de)是(shi)，在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)代(dai)，雖(sui)然(ran)有(you)龐(pang)大(da)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)和(he)信(xin)息(xi)支(zhi)撐(cheng)
，我(wo)們(men)仍(reng)並(bing)不(bu)了(le)解(jie)這(zhe)個(ge)世(shi)界(jie)正(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)需(xu)要(yao)多(duo)少(shao)供(gong)應(ying)或(huo)需(xu)求(qiu)。世(shi)界(jie)不(bu)應(ying)該(gai)再(zai)是(shi)這(zhe)樣(yang)了(le)，不(bu)是(shi)嗎(ma)
？因(yin)此(ci)，我(wo)很(hen)期(qi)待(dai)看(kan)到(dao)
，大(da)規(gui)模(mo)多(duo)模(mo)態(tai)的(de) LLM moxingguihua
，shenzhishixinpiandeguihuanenggoujinxing。zhejiangtuidongzhenzhengdezhinengfazhan
，congerquebaonibuhuixianrugongxudekunjing。ciwai，niyebuhuiyinweiguoduodekucunzaicixianrukunjing。zaizhegeshidai
，buyinggaifashengzhezhongqingkuang。danzhexuyaoshijiegexinggeyehegegebumenbutongchengdudecanyu。woqidaideshizaiweilai，womennengfouyouxiaofangzhixiayiciyinquanqiufanweineiquefamougezujianeryinqidegongyinglianweijidefasheng？

本文翻譯自《華爾街日報》記者對偉創力首席執行官Revathi Advaithi的采訪
，發表於2024年2月16日的播客《WSJ’s The Future of Everything》