http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-29 16:50:25 來源:中國網
[中國網]:
各位網友大家好,歡迎來到中國網。這裏是正在直播的“中國訪談、世界對話”。
改革開放以來,中國迅速地走上了一條具有中國特色的工業化道路,隻用了不到30年時間就發展成為一個舉足輕重的製造業大國。伴隨著經濟的發展,企業的成長,中國的經濟學家們也開始對中國的工業化進程、中zhong國guo產chan業ye和he企qi業ye的de競jing爭zheng力li,對dui這zhe些xie問wen題ti進jin行xing了le係xi統tong深shen入ru的de研yan究jiu。中zhong國guo的de經jing濟ji到dao底di麵mian臨lin怎zen樣yang情qing況kuang呢ne?為wei您nin介jie紹shao今jin天tian的de兩liang位wei嘉jia賓bin,他ta們men是shi中zhong國guo社she科ke院yuan工gong業ye經jing濟ji研yan究jiu所suo副fu所suo長chang金jin碚bei研yan究jiu員yuan,歡huan迎ying您nin。另ling外wai一yi位wei是shi中zhong國guo社she科ke院yuan工gong業ye經jing濟ji研yan究jiu所suo的de李li鋼gang副fu研yan究jiu員yuan,歡huan迎ying兩liang位wei嘉jia賓bin做zuo客ke我wo們men中zhong國guo網wang。
現在的競爭力項目已經持續很長一段時間了,我想請金所長為我們介紹一下這是從什麼時候開始的?
[金碚]:
中國社會科學院工業經濟研究所研究競爭力的團隊,從1995年前後就開始研究中國的產業和企業的競爭力問題。那個時候,社科院也設了一個重大的科研項目。到了2001年的時候,我們又承接了社科院的一個重大課題,就是研究中國企業和產業的競爭力。
在zai我wo們men研yan究jiu課ke題ti的de基ji礎chu上shang形xing成cheng了le一yi批pi理li論lun研yan究jiu成cheng果guo,在zai理li論lun研yan究jiu成cheng果guo的de基ji礎chu上shang麵mian,我wo們men中zhong國guo社she會hui科ke學xue院yuan工gong業ye經jing濟ji研yan究jiu所suo的de研yan究jiu人ren員yuan和he中zhong國guo經jing營ying報bao社she共gong同tong開kai發fa了le一yi個ge中zhong國guo企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li的de一yi個ge監jian測ce體ti係xi。就jiu是shi我wo們men從cong2003年開始,每年通過統計的數據和一些調查研究的方法來對中國的各個行業企業的競爭力狀況進行監測。所謂監測就是我們用量化的方式、數(shu)據(ju)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)把(ba)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)表(biao)現(xian)能(neng)夠(gou)把(ba)它(ta)呈(cheng)現(xian)出(chu)來(lai),它(ta)的(de)結(jie)果(guo)就(jiu)是(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)。這(zhe)個(ge)數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)我(wo)們(men)可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)供(gong)給(gei)研(yan)究(jiu)界(jie)、企業界,大家使用這個數據分析中國企業競爭力的狀況。
[金碚]:
同時,我們在這個數據庫的基礎上,我們自己也做了對企業競爭力狀況進行研究、分析。一方麵是分析研究或者比較各個行業、gegeqiyetadejingzhenglizhuangkuang,doushiyongshujulaichengxian。tongshi,yetongguoduiqiyegetijingzhenglizhuangkuangdeyizhongchengxianhemiaoshu,laifaxianheyanjiuzhongguojingjifazhan。tebieshigongyefazhandeguochengzhongsuochanshengdeyixiejuyouqingxiangxingdexianxianghewenti。yifangmian,womenshiweiyanjiuzhe、weiqiyetigongjianceshujuhejiancejieguo,lingyifangmianliyongzhegejianceshujuhejieguolaijianshizhongguojingjifazhanzhongjiandeyixiliewenti。jiuxiangniganggangshuodeyiyang,zhongguojinruyigekuaisudegongyehuajieduan,zaizhegejieduandeshihouhuiyouyixiliejingjixianxianghuozhewenti,womentongguozhegejianceshujuyekenengzaiyidingchengdushanglaifaxianzhexiewenti,laijieshizhexiexianxiang。zheshiwomenxiangmudeyigezongzhi。
[金碚]:
這個項目我們已經前持續了十多年了,我們監測的數據實際上是從2002年以來,每年都發布這樣的一個監測結果,編輯出版《中國企業競爭力的報告》。
[中國網]:
您剛才談到了企業競爭力它起步的時間和做法,它對於我國工業化競爭和現代工業化的競爭有什麼樣的意義呢?
[金碚]:
通過我們這幾年的監測,我們就非常明顯的感覺到,中國在一個相對比較短的曆史時期內(實際上中國的工業改革實際上是從上個世紀八十年代開始,準確的說應該是從84年開始,到現在也就二十多年),在zai這zhe二er十shi多duo年nian中zhong間jian我wo們men通tong過guo對dui企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li狀zhuang況kuang的de分fen析xi,我wo們men可ke以yi發fa現xian中zhong國guo二er十shi多duo年nian經jing濟ji發fa展zhan過guo程cheng中zhong間jian,它ta走zou過guo的de道dao路lu是shi國guo外wai或huo者zhe是shi西xi方fang國guo家jia的de企qi業ye上shang百bai年nian的de曆li史shi過guo程cheng。它ta表biao現xian出chu來lai的de現xian象xiang,比bi如ru說shuo我wo們men剛gang開kai始shi的de時shi候hou,企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li狀zhuang況kuang比bi較jiao弱ruo,中zhong國guo是shi從cong一yi個ge計ji劃hua經jing濟ji體ti製zhi向xiang市shi場chang經jing濟ji體ti製zhi轉zhuan軌gui,剛gang轉zhuan軌gui的de過guo程cheng中zhong企qi業ye開kai始shi不bu適shi應ying,表biao現xian企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li狀zhuang況kuang比bi較jiao差cha。那na個ge時shi候hou有you個ge表biao現xian就jiu是shi企qi業ye虧kui損sun比bi較jiao多duo,當dang然ran也ye有you一yi部bu分fen企qi業ye進jin入ru了le一yi個ge過guo去qu沒mei有you人ren進jin入ru的de領ling域yu,所suo以yi也ye有you多duo個ge企qi業ye表biao現xian著zhe產chan生sheng比bi較jiao多duo的de利li潤run,但dan也ye有you相xiang當dang一yi部bu分fen老lao的de企qi業ye表biao現xian為wei虧kui損sun。
[金碚]:
zhongguoyixieqiyejingguoxindechanyelingyuyihou,huodelejiaodadehuolikongjian。zhegehuolikongjianshijianbushitebiechang,henkuaijiuguolenageshijian。zaiwomenzuoyanjiubaogaodeshihou,chabuduoqianliangniandeshijian。womendangshideyanjiubaogaodezhutishijiangjiao“微利企業、微利時代”。什shen麼me叫jiao微wei利li時shi代dai?就jiu是shi企qi業ye盈ying利li率lv普pu遍bian下xia降jiang,競jing爭zheng非fei常chang激ji烈lie。這zhe個ge表biao明ming中zhong國guo的de經jing濟ji從cong一yi個ge計ji劃hua經jing濟ji已yi經jing過guo度du到dao一yi個ge市shi場chang競jing爭zheng的de階jie段duan,就jiu是shi初chu步bu建jian立li了le市shi場chang的de競jing爭zheng體ti製zhi。由you於yu競jing爭zheng,而er且qie企qi業ye在zai市shi場chang經jing濟ji的de初chu期qi主zhu要yao是shi采cai取qu了le一yi種zhong價jia格ge競jing爭zheng和he成cheng本ben競jing爭zheng的de方fang式shi,我wo把ba它ta叫jiao做zuo“血拚式的方式”。jinguanshijingjichengchanghenkuai,danshiqiyedelirunlvzaixiajiang,zheshizhengchangde,zhebiaomianjingzhengzaijiaju。danshizhegeshijianhenduan,daojinnianwomendezhutijiubianchengleqiyeyinglihengao,yinglidafududezengchang。
qitafangmianyeshiyiyang,guoquwomenduiyouyileiqiye,birushuojiagongzhizaoye,tayinglizhuangkuangyouyiduanshijianbijiaohao,danshidangtajingzhengtebiejilieyihou,tadelirunzaixiajiang。danshi,youyixieziyuanxingdexingye,shangyoudechanye,tadeyoushizaitixian,birushiziyuanleide,zhegechanyetalirunbijiaogao,erqiexiangdangyibufenziyuanleidechanyetahaijuyoulongduanxing。haiyoujiashangzaizhizaoyexingyezhongjianyeyouyibufenshuyulongduanxingdeqiye,tadangshihuodedelirunbijiaogao,biaoxianweitadejingzhengnenglibijiaoqiang。
[金碚]:
但dan是shi,到dao今jin年nian我wo們men就jiu會hui發fa現xian,有you更geng多duo的de產chan業ye中zhong間jian的de企qi業ye它ta利li潤run都dou在zai增zeng長chang,普pu遍bian的de利li潤run在zai增zeng長chang。我wo們men今jin年nian的de報bao告gao就jiu要yao來lai分fen析xi這zhe個ge增zeng長chang表biao現xian什shen麼me樣yang?它ta為wei什shen麼me會hui這zhe樣yang?它ta的de表biao現xian在zai中zhong國guo經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de良liang性xing方fang麵mian是shi什shen麼me?問wen題ti在zai什shen麼me地di方fang?總zong而er言yan之zhi,通tong過guo我wo們men對dui企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li的de監jian測ce來lai發fa現xian中zhong國guo經jing濟ji發fa展zhan中zhong間jian的de問wen題ti和he它ta的de走zou勢shi。[page_break]
[中國網]:
金jin所suo長chang在zai用yong不bu同tong的de時shi期qi中zhong國guo企qi業ye表biao現xian的de症zheng狀zhuang來lai告gao訴su我wo們men競jing爭zheng力li項xiang目mu研yan究jiu意yi義yi非fei常chang重zhong大da。您nin在zai說shuo的de時shi候hou,李li鋼gang研yan究jiu員yuan頻pin頻pin點dian頭tou,特te別bie認ren同tong金jin所suo長chang的de說shuo法fa。
[李鋼]:
我們從數據上可以看出來,98年是中國計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌的過程。98年nian監jian測ce的de時shi候hou,計ji劃hua經jing濟ji向xiang市shi場chang經jing濟ji轉zhuan軌gui過guo程cheng中zhong企qi業ye管guan理li能neng力li各ge方fang麵mian的de應ying變bian能neng力li不bu能neng適shi應ying,企qi業ye的de盈ying利li能neng力li落luo到dao曆li史shi的de低di穀gu。但dan是shi我wo們men確que實shi發fa現xian到dao今jin天tian,經jing過guo了le十shi多duo年nian在zai市shi場chang經jing濟ji中zhong的de洗xi禮li中zhong企qi業ye已yi經jing適shi應ying了le,從cong過guo去qu的de找zhao市shi長chang轉zhuan變bian到dao了le找zhao市shi場chang,確que實shi企qi業ye的de競jing爭zheng力li已yi經jing提ti升sheng到dao了le新xin的de階jie段duan。
[中國網]:
我手裏拿的這本書叫《中國企業競爭報告》,這是2007年最新的企業藍皮書了,這個主編就是金碚所長。這裏麵談到一個核心問題啊,就是盈利能力和競爭能力?金所長為我們做一個解讀。
[金碚]:
qiyedejingzhengliruguoconggainianshanglaijiang,wodeqiyebijingzhengduishounenggouyougengyouxiaodefangshilaixiangshehuitigongchanpin,bingqienenggouhuodechixudeyingli,nenggoubaozhengwomennenggouchixudefazhan。zheyangdeyizhongnengli,womenbatajiaozuojingzhengli。henxianran,zuoweiyigejingzhenglidejiancelaijiang,yinglishiyigehenzhongyaodezhibiao,erqiezuoweiyigeqiyedexingzhilaijiang,tayeshiyaolaizhuiqiuyingli。danshifanguolaiwomennengbunengshuoyingligaoleyihou,qiyejingzhenglijiuyidingqiangne?zhegeweibiruci。suoyijintianwomenjiuzaishuo,diyiwomencongtongjibiaolaishuo,zhongguoqiyejinnianlaideyinglizhuangkuangfeichangdehao。name,womenjiushuoyinglizhuangkuangfeichanghaoshibushijiubiaominghuozhezaiduodachengdushangnenggoudebiaoming,xianzaizhongguoqiyedejingzhengliqianghuozheshibuqiangne?zhejiushiwomenjinnianyaofenxideyigezhuyaowenti。
[金碚]:
那麼,我們的研究發現中國的企業競爭盈利能夠的提高,在最重要的因素還是企業本身的管理能力、經(jing)營(ying)能(neng)力(li)和(he)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)增(zeng)強(qiang)。當(dang)然(ran)我(wo)前(qian)麵(mian)講(jiang)了(le),盈(ying)利(li)高(gao)不(bu)一(yi)定(ding)就(jiu)是(shi)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)強(qiang)。因(yin)為(wei)盈(ying)利(li)可(ke)以(yi)來(lai)自(zi)於(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)。比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)階(jie)段(duan),比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)是(shi)某(mou)一(yi)個(ge)產(chan)業(ye),社(she)會(hui)需(xu)求(qiu)特(te)別(bie)大(da),那(na)個(ge)時(shi)候(hou)它(ta)會(hui)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)盈(ying)利(li)。或(huo)者(zhe)說(shuo),這(zhe)個(ge)產(chan)業(ye)它(ta)具(ju)有(you)壟(long)斷(duan)性(xing),一(yi)個(ge)壟(long)斷(duan)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)它(ta)可(ke)以(yi)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)盈(ying)利(li)比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao),但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)盈(ying)利(li)並(bing)不(bu)表(biao)明(ming)它(ta)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)比(bi)較(jiao)強(qiang)。所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)們(men)首(shou)先(xian)來(lai)分(fen)析(xi),在(zai)我(wo)們(men)企(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)得(de)盈(ying)利(li)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)壟(long)斷(duan),還(hai)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)確(que)實(shi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)內(nei)在(zai)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)。我(wo)們(men)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)表(biao)明(ming)除(chu)了(le)少(shao)數(shu)行(xing)業(ye),它(ta)的(de)盈(ying)利(li)產(chan)生(sheng)和(he)它(ta)的(de)壟(long)斷(duan)性(xing)有(you)相(xiang)當(dang)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),確(que)實(shi)表(biao)明(ming)還(hai)有(you)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)壟(long)斷(duan)性(xing)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)它(ta)利(li)潤(run)率(lv)高(gao)。
danshi,zhegewentizaizhongguoxianzaiyijingbushizhuyaodeqingkuang。ruguoshuozhegewentideqianjinianshizhuyaode,yinweiqianjinianligangyejiangle,womenhenduozhizaoqiyetadelirunlvzaixiajiang,zouruyigeweilishidai。zaiyigeshaoshulongduanxingdexingye,zhongjiandeqiyetabiaoxianchushangyouchanyehengaodeyinglilv,zhegeqingkuangzaizhubudegaibian。bujinshishangyouduanchanyeqiyedeyinglizaizengjia,zhongduande、下段的企業也有相當一部分的企業盈利在增加。
[金碚]:
而er且qie我wo們men的de分fen析xi也ye表biao明ming。改gai革ge開kai放fang以yi來lai,中zhong國guo各ge個ge行xing業ye的de企qi業ye的de競jing爭zheng性xing在zai增zeng強qiang。不bu是shi因yin為wei壟long斷duan而er導dao致zhi利li潤run在zai增zeng加jia,而er確que實shi因yin為wei在zai競jing爭zheng性xing增zeng強qiang的de背bei景jing下xia利li潤run在zai增zeng長chang,我wo們men就jiu可ke以yi確que確que實shi實shi的de講jiang企qi業ye的de競jing爭zheng力li在zai增zeng強qiang。當dang然ran,也ye有you一yi些xie因yin素su是shi可ke能neng和he企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li不bu是shi直zhi接jie有you關guan的de,或huo者zhe說shuo盈ying利li率lv並bing不bu直zhi接jie反fan映ying企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li。比bi如ru說shuo,吃chi由you於yu資zi源yuan大da量liang,投tou入ru低di,對dui環huan境jing保bao護hu標biao準zhun比bi較jiao低di,在zai分fen配pei的de過guo程cheng中zhong間jian,企qi業ye獲huo得de的de份fen額e跟gen勞lao動dong者zhe獲huo得de的de份fen額e的de比bi例li上shang更geng多duo的de傾qing向xiang於yu企qi業ye,那na麼me,它ta也ye會hui表biao現xian企qi業ye利li潤run率lv高gao。這zhe個ge因yin素su也ye有you,應ying該gai說shuo盈ying利li的de狀zhuang況kuang比bi較jiao好hao,這zhe是shi一yi個ge結jie論lun。
第二個結論就是說這個盈利狀況的取得,主要還是在競爭的條件下,企業的競爭力有了普遍的提高;
第di三san個ge就jiu是shi說shuo確que實shi還hai有you一yi些xie行xing業ye中zhong間jian存cun在zai著zhe企qi業ye壟long斷duan利li比bi較jiao高gao,當dang然ran這zhe是shi一yi個ge局ju部bu。再zai有you一yi個ge就jiu是shi在zai企qi業ye盈ying利li比bi較jiao高gao的de,保bao證zheng它ta的de因yin素su中zhong間jian,也ye有you一yi些xie是shi剛gang剛gang講jiang的de,是shi其qi他ta的de因yin素su。這zhe是shi我wo們men分fen析xi的de一yi個ge基ji本ben的de結jie果guo,一yi條tiao結jie論lun。又you有you很hen樂le觀guan的de方fang麵mian,也ye看kan到dao了le中zhong國guo確que實shi還hai存cun在zai著zhe一yi些xie下xia一yi步bu繼ji續xu提ti高gao競jing爭zheng力li的de問wen題ti。
[中國網]:
剛gang才cai您nin談tan到dao企qi業ye競jing爭zheng的de時shi候hou,也ye談tan到dao有you的de時shi候hou是shi價jia格ge方fang麵mian的de相xiang互hu比bi拚pin,傳chuan統tong的de經jing濟ji學xue家jia在zai討tao論lun競jing爭zheng力li的de時shi候hou就jiu容rong易yi把ba它ta的de歸gui結jie到dao價jia格ge上shang去qu講jiang成cheng本ben、講價格,您認為價格因素在中國企業的競爭力當中起到的作用有多大?
[金碚]:
應(ying)該(gai)說(shuo)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)或(huo)者(zhe)說(shuo)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)相(xiang)當(dang)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)時(shi)期(qi),價(jia)格(ge)競(jing)爭(zheng)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)大(da)的(de)。因(yin)為(wei)那(na)個(ge)時(shi)候(hou)我(wo)們(men)產(chan)業(ye)跟(gen)國(guo)外(wai)競(jing)爭(zheng)也(ye)好(hao),企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)也(ye)好(hao),主(zhu)要(yao)依(yi)賴(lai)的(de)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)。比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)本(ben)質(zhi)是(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)比(bi)較(jiao),就(jiu)是(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)。同(tong)類(lei)產(chan)品(pin)如(ru)果(guo)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)話(hua),那(na)就(jiu)要(yao)看(kan)誰(shui)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di),誰(shui)的(de)價(jia)格(ge)低(di)。怎(zen)麼(me)樣(yang)能(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)價(jia)格(ge)低(di)呢(ne)?這(zhe)就(jiu)看(kan)你(ni)這(zhe)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)什(shen)麼(me)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)?中(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)有(you)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li),當(dang)然(ran)土(tu)地(di)也(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)多(duo)。那(na)麼(me)在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),就(jiu)會(hui)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)誰(shui)的(de)土(tu)地(di)價(jia)格(ge)便(bian)宜(yi),誰(shui)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)便(bian)宜(yi),那(na)麼(me)誰(shui)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)價(jia)格(ge)就(jiu)低(di)。
那(na)麼(me)我(wo)剛(gang)才(cai)講(jiang)什(shen)麼(me)叫(jiao)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)呢(ne)?就(jiu)是(shi)你(ni)能(neng)比(bi)你(ni)競(jing)爭(zheng)對(dui)手(shou)更(geng)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)方(fang)式(shi),第(di)一(yi),我(wo)價(jia)格(ge)比(bi)你(ni)低(di),消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)一(yi)定(ding)願(yuan)意(yi)買(mai)物(wu)美(mei)價(jia)廉(lian)的(de)東(dong)西(xi)。那(na)麼(me)企(qi)業(ye)當(dang)然(ran)把(ba)價(jia)格(ge)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)種(zhong)競(jing)爭(zheng)手(shou)段(duan),在(zai)相(xiang)當(dang)長(chang)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)時(shi)期(qi)內(nei),它(ta)是(shi)很(hen)合(he)理(li)的(de),很(hen)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)。而(er)且(qie),即(ji)使(shi)在(zai)將(jiang)來(lai)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)間(jian),價(jia)格(ge)競(jing)爭(zheng)仍(reng)然(ran)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)因(yin)素(su)。
danshi,congjingjichixufazhandeguochenglaijiang,tebieshiduiyuqiyelaijiang,womenbunenggouchangqidehuozheguofendeyilaiyujiagejingzheng。ruguoguofendeyilaiyujiagejingzheng,tebieshiniyadileyaosuchengben,shenzhishiyaosuchengbenmeiyouhuodehelidejiage,yaosujiubaofutudi,baofulaodong,yebaofuhuanjing。wobatajiaozuo“血拚”。看哪個的價格低,這樣也會影響企業或者產業持續的競爭力的保值和提升。中國經濟現在已經走到這個階段,就是價格競爭,或者講“價格血拚”為主的曆史時期。正在有過多的以創新來驅動的這樣一個競爭力的提升階段。[page_break]
[中國網]:
聽了您介紹,讓我們感覺到低價策略並不是完全可取的,您覺得它的局限取決於在哪些方麵?特別是國際的競爭上?
[金碚]:
jingzhenglididehua,tahuidaozhiyazhiyaosuchengben。yazhiyaosuchengbenbiaoxianwei,jiushishidenijingyingdehuanjinghuiyuelaiyueehua。birushuohuanjing,birushuodijiaziyuandetouru,zaibirushuoduilaogongdegongzi,batayadaohendi,zheshidiyi。
第(di)二(er),企(qi)業(ye)的(de)利(li)潤(run)率(lv)會(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)薄(bo)。大(da)家(jia)都(dou)靠(kao)價(jia)格(ge)低(di),越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)薄(bo)的(de)結(jie)果(guo)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)用(yong)於(yu)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步(bu)用(yong)於(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)會(hui)很(hen)少(shao)。企(qi)業(ye)沒(mei)有(you)能(neng)力(li)來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)經(jing)營(ying)創(chuang)新(xin),所(suo)以(yi)影(ying)響(xiang)你(ni)持(chi)續(xu)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li),或(huo)者(zhe)說(shuo)影(ying)響(xiang)你(ni)持(chi)續(xu)的(de)盈(ying)利(li)能(neng)力(li)。你(ni)現(xian)在(zai)是(shi)用(yong)價(jia)格(ge)血(xue)拚(pin)來(lai)獲(huo)得(de)這(zhe)個(ge)利(li)潤(run)。但(dan)是(shi)你(ni)的(de)利(li)潤(run)會(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)少(shao)。我(wo)們(men)知(zhi)道(dao)產(chan)品(pin)之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)差(cha)異(yi)才(cai)有(you)更(geng)大(da)的(de)利(li)潤(run),如(ru)果(guo)兩(liang)個(ge)產(chan)品(pin)之(zhi)間(jian)沒(mei)有(you)差(cha)異(yi),同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)產(chan)品(pin),它(ta)們(men)唯(wei)一(yi)可(ke)以(yi)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)價(jia)格(ge)。那(na)個(ge)時(shi)候(hou)就(jiu)比(bi)拚(pin)誰(shui)的(de)價(jia)格(ge)低(di),你(ni)拚(pin)我(wo)也(ye)拚(pin),技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)步(bu),所(suo)以(yi)這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)很(hen)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)負(fu)麵(mian)作(zuo)用(yong)。這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)負(fu)麵(mian)作(zuo)用(yong)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)都(dou)有(you)體(ti)現(xian)。一(yi)個(ge)就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)投(tou)入(ru)不(bu)足(zu),價(jia)格(ge)水(shui)平(ping)太(tai)低(di)以(yi)後(hou),你(ni)技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)以(yi)後(hou),如(ru)果(guo)價(jia)格(ge)非(fei)常(chang)非(fei)常(chang)低(di)的(de)話(hua),它(ta)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)投(tou)入(ru)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)也(ye)很(hen)難(nan)消(xiao)化(hua),你(ni)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)和(he)其(qi)他(ta)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)會(hui)很(hen)小(xiao)。
另ling外wai一yi個ge副fu作zuo用yong就jiu體ti現xian在zai你ni相xiang關guan利li益yi者zhe之zhi間jian的de利li益yi會hui受shou到dao很hen大da的de損sun失shi,你ni靠kao價jia格ge血xue拚pin,你ni壓ya低di價jia格ge,你ni就jiu一yi定ding要yao壓ya低di成cheng本ben,血xue拚pin的de情qing況kuang下xia,越yue來lai越yue小xiao,你ni自zi己ji也ye沒mei有you創chuang新xin的de能neng力li,然ran後hou你ni對dui於yu你ni要yao素su的de提ti供gong者zhe,你ni也ye壓ya製zhi他ta們men,最zui後hou就jiu導dao致zhi了le資zi源yuan的de浪lang費fei,環huan境jing的de破po壞huai,勞lao工gong權quan益yi的de損sun失shi。我wo沒mei有you力li量liang給gei工gong人ren提ti高gao工gong資zi,也ye沒mei有you力li量liang來lai保bao證zheng比bi較jiao好hao的de勞lao動dong的de條tiao件jian讓rang工gong人ren拚pin命ming的de加jia班ban,這zhe種zhong方fang式shi來lai使shi產chan品pin的de成cheng本ben低di價jia格ge低di,顯xian然ran你ni也ye損sun失shi了le。總zong體ti來lai講jiang這zhe種zhong經jing營ying方fang式shi是shi不bu可ke持chi續xu的de。
zhiyaoshijingzhengyidingyoujiagejingzheng,danruguonizhuyaoyilaitadehua,namejiubiaomingshideqiyechixudejingzhenglijiubunenggouxingcheng,yehennanzaiguojishangchanshengyouhenqiangjingzhenglideqiye。yinweiqiyeshikaojiagexuepin,nimeiyouzijidejishu,meiyouzijidutedechanpin,suoyinizhinengkaojiagedidechanpin,jinguannishengchandehenduo。nixiangzheyangdeqiyechangqilaikan,tabuhuichengweizhenzhengdeguojishichangshangdeqiangzhe。
[李鋼]:
今年我們藍皮書的主題是“企業盈利能力與競爭力”,去年我們的主題是“創新與企業能力”,womenqishizhuanmenyouyanjiuchuangxinhejingzhenglideguanxi。qunianwomendechuyigejielunjiushishuogangcaijinlaoshizaijiang,zhongguoqiyebijiaoqingxiangyugaojiagejingzheng,womenqishiyaowenyigewenti,weishenmezhongguoqiyeqingxiangyugaojiagejingzheng,erbushiqugaochayihuachuangxin。weishenmezhemeduonianjiangzhongguoqiyeyaochuangxinqueyizhimeiyouchuangxin。qishiwomenqunianyouyigebijiaoshenrudeyanjiu,womenyigedazhidejielunjiushirenweiqueshishixiangduilaishuozhongguolaobaixing,renheyigeguojialaobaixingdouqingxiangyuwumeijialiandechanpin,danshizhongguodelaobaixinggengjiaxihuanwumeijialiandechanpin。jiushishuo,ruguorangtazaigaojiahedizhizhijianyouyigequanhengdehua,yinweiwozhidaohuagengduodeqianqumaigenghaodechanpin。naruguorangzhongguolaobaixingzuoyigequshe,jiushishuonishihuagengduodeqianmaigenghaodechanpin,haishihuagengshaodeqianmaigengchadechanpin,womenfaxianzhongguolaobaixingqingxiangyumaiyigejiagediyidianzhiliangchayidiandechanpin,zheshiyigewenti。
[李鋼]:
另(ling)外(wai)一(yi)個(ge),從(cong)全(quan)球(qiu)來(lai)看(kan),中(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)在(zai)高(gao)端(duan)的(de)要(yao)素(su)可(ke)能(neng)比(bi)國(guo)外(wai)貴(gui),這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)因(yin)素(su)綜(zong)合(he)起(qi)來(lai),那(na)麼(me)會(hui)使(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)更(geng)加(jia)傾(qing)向(xiang)於(yu)搞(gao)一(yi)個(ge)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)。價(jia)格(ge)競(jing)爭(zheng)你(ni)還(hai)可(ke)以(yi)搞(gao)一(yi)個(ge)創(chuang)新(xin),就(jiu)是(shi)我(wo)搞(gao)一(yi)個(ge)技(ji)術(shu)上(shang)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)來(lai)生(sheng)產(chan)更(geng)低(di)價(jia)格(ge)的(de)產(chan)品(pin),為(wei)什(shen)麼(me)中(zhong)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)不(bu)傾(qing)向(xiang)於(yu)搞(gao)研(yan)發(fa)呢(ne)?我(wo)們(men)去(qu)年(nian)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)結(jie)論(lun)還(hai)是(shi)認(ren)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)、zhongguodewenhuashibijiaoguibifengxiandewenhua。zhezhongwenhuaxia,ruguomeiyouyigezhidushangdebaozheng,nenggoushiqiyejiayouyigeyuanyizuoyizhongchangqitouru。yinweiwozhidaochangqitouruyaohenchangshijiancainengqudejieguo。ruguoyaoshishiqiyejiadouhenguibifengxiandehua,nazhezhongchuangxindetourukenengyeshibuzude。
[中國網]:
剛(gang)才(cai)我(wo)們(men)一(yi)直(zhi)在(zai)聊(liao)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li),其(qi)實(shi)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)也(ye)是(shi)大(da)家(jia)關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)熱(re)門(men)詞(ci)彙(hui)。金(jin)所(suo)長(chang)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)和(he)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)它(ta)們(men)兩(liang)個(ge)之(zhi)間(jian)是(shi)什(shen)麼(me)樣(yang)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)呢(ne)?
[金碚]:
簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)說(shuo)產(chan)業(ye)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)集(ji)合(he),企(qi)業(ye)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)個(ge)體(ti),產(chan)業(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)集(ji)合(he)體(ti)。比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)我(wo)們(men)講(jiang)紡(fang)織(zhi)產(chan)業(ye),那(na)麼(me)實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)就(jiu)是(shi)指(zhi)所(suo)有(you)的(de)紡(fang)織(zhi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)結(jie)合(he)體(ti)。那(na)麼(me),從(cong)我(wo)們(men)研(yan)究(jiu)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)角(jiao)度(du)來(lai)講(jiang),從(cong)我(wo)們(men)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)順(shun)序(xu)來(lai)講(jiang),其(qi)實(shi)我(wo)們(men)最(zui)早(zao)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)是(shi)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。就(jiu)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)把(ba)企(qi)業(ye)先(xian)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)整(zheng)體(ti),是(shi)從(cong)它(ta)一(yi)個(ge)整(zheng)體(ti)的(de)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)。而(er)且(qie)從(cong)它(ta)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)來(lai)講(jiang),對(dui)於(yu)它(ta)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)分(fen)析(xi),有(you)比(bi)較(jiao)成(cheng)熟(shu)一(yi)些(xie)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)理(li)論(lun)的(de)工(gong)具(ju)。就(jiu)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)對(dui)使(shi)用(yong)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)學(xue)產(chan)業(ye)組(zu)織(zhi)理(li)論(lun)這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)來(lai)分(fen)析(xi)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。
name,chanyeshiqiyedejieheti。birushuofangzhiyezhongguoshibushiqiang?gangtieyeshibushiqiang?congzhongguodeyigebijiaoyoushilaikan,zhongguolaodonglibijiaofengfu,anzhaochanyejingjidelilun,tongchangqingkuangxia,shiyinweilaodongmijixingdeqiyechanyehuibijiaojuyoujingzhengli。danshichanyejingzhenglibijingshiyigejieheti,dangwomenhuodeleguanyuchanyejingzhenglideyifanlilunfenxidejieguozhihou,dajiajiuxiwangjinyibulailejiegouchengzhegechanyedegeti,jiushiqiyedejingzhenglizhuangkuangzenmeyang?qiyejingzhenglizhuangkuang,yifangmianyeshoudaonichanyebenshenjingzhenglideyingxiangdejueding。lingwaiyifang,gegeqiyeyeyouxingchengzijijingzhenglideqitayinsu。
[金碚]:
不bu是shi說shuo,因yin為wei中zhong國guo比bi較jiao優you勢shi的de原yuan因yin,中zhong國guo的de紡fang織zhi業ye產chan業ye競jing爭zheng力li比bi較jiao強qiang,所suo以yi所suo有you的de紡fang織zhi業ye企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li都dou比bi較jiao強qiang,不bu是shi這zhe樣yang的de。那na麼me,我wo們men要yao看kan,即ji使shi在zai中zhong國guo競jing爭zheng力li比bi較jiao強qiang的de中zhong間jian,比bi如ru說shuo紡fang織zhi業ye中zhong間jian,哪na些xie企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li比bi較jiao強qiang,哪na些xie企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li比bi較jiao弱ruo。即ji使shi是shi中zhong國guo競jing爭zheng力li比bi較jiao弱ruo的de行xing業ye,也ye會hui有you競jing爭zheng比bi較jiao強qiang的de企qi業ye。
比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)我(wo)們(men)從(cong)產(chan)業(ye)經(jing)濟(ji)來(lai)分(fen)析(xi)的(de)話(hua),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)業(ye)是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)弱(ruo)的(de),但(dan)是(shi)並(bing)不(bu)表(biao)明(ming)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)業(ye)就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)相(xiang)對(dui)比(bi)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)。所(suo)以(yi)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)和(he)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)是(shi)既(ji)有(you)很(hen)密(mi)切(qie)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),又(you)有(you)差(cha)異(yi)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu),還(hai)要(yao)深(shen)入(ru)到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)內(nei)部(bu)。就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)分(fen)析(xi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)管(guan)理(li)狀(zhuang)況(kuang),甚(shen)至(zhi)再(zai)深(shen)入(ru)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)析(xi)到(dao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)文(wen)化(hua)特(te)征(zheng)等(deng)等(deng),它(ta)會(hui)比(bi)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)更(geng)加(jia)的(de)深(shen)入(ru)到(dao)具(ju)體(ti)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)層(ceng)麵(mian)。[page_break]
[中國網]:
越往下走難度越大?
[金碚]:
對,越往下走難度越大。那麼,從我們的研究來講,從企業的經營的要求來講,也希望能夠得到更多的、更具體的競爭力分析和監測結果為他們服務。我們下麵的宗旨也是這麼考慮的。
[中國網]:
我們節目在進行的過程當中很多網友發來提問,這個網友說:黨dang中zhong央yang提ti出chu科ke學xue發fa展zhan觀guan的de戰zhan略lve思si想xiang,要yao求qiu加jia強qiang能neng源yuan資zi源yuan節jie約yue,請qing問wen產chan業ye競jing爭zheng力li與yu資zi源yuan和he能neng源yuan具ju有you哪na些xie關guan係xi呢ne?請qing金jin所suo長chang為wei我wo們men解jie答da一yi下xia。
[金碚]:
這zhe個ge關guan係xi越yue來lai越yue密mi切qie。我wo前qian麵mian講jiang過guo,中zhong國guo在zai前qian一yi個ge階jie段duan的de工gong業ye化hua過guo程cheng中zhong間jian是shi一yi個ge血xue拚pin式shi的de競jing爭zheng方fang式shi,它ta的de特te點dian就jiu是shi資zi源yuan大da量liang的de投tou入ru,包bao括kuo能neng源yuan,而er且qie是shi低di價jia格ge的de資zi源yuan,對dui於yu環huan境jing的de願yuan意yi付fu出chu更geng大da的de代dai價jia。就jiu是shi我wo們men的de環huan境jing標biao準zhun很hen低di,我wo們men對dui環huan境jing質zhi量liang的de要yao求qiu可ke以yi放fang低di,這zhe樣yang來lai保bao證zheng我wo們men的de企qi業ye能neng夠gou具ju有you競jing爭zheng力li。這zhe個ge階jie段duan我wo們men走zou過guo了le20多年。
應該說,這20多(duo)年(nian)確(que)實(shi)用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)對(dui)於(yu)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)提(ti)升(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)的(de)。能(neng)源(yuan)會(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)短(duan)缺(que),價(jia)格(ge)會(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高(gao),而(er)且(qie)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)破(po)壞(huai)有(you)的(de)是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)恢(hui)複(fu)的(de)。那(na)麼(me)就(jiu)威(wei)脅(xie)到(dao)人(ren)類(lei)的(de)生(sheng)存(cun),你(ni)把(ba)最(zui)基(ji)本(ben)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)給(gei)破(po)壞(huai)了(le)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)對(dui)一(yi)些(xie)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)成(cheng)長(chang)能(neng)力(li)比(bi)較(jiao)脆(cui)弱(ruo)的(de)地(di)區(qu),如(ru)果(guo)因(yin)為(wei)你(ni)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)破(po)壞(huai)了(le)那(na)樣(yang)的(de)環(huan)境(jing),會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)非(fei)常(chang)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)後(hou)果(guo)。所(suo)以(yi),在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia),提(ti)出(chu)科(ke)學(xue)發(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)及(ji)時(shi)的(de)。
科學發展觀就是說我既要發展,但是又要科學發展。所謂科學發展就是你要考慮到能源、環huan境jing的de支zhi撐cheng能neng力li,你ni不bu能neng破po壞huai環huan境jing,不bu能neng大da量liang的de耗hao費fei能neng源yuan,你ni也ye不bu能neng靠kao我wo前qian麵mian講jiang的de,無wu限xian製zhi的de來lai壓ya低di勞lao動dong者zhe的de收shou入ru。科ke學xue發fa展zhan觀guan講jiang以yi人ren為wei本ben,你ni發fa展zhan本ben身shen不bu是shi目mu的de,造zao汽qi車che你ni本ben身shen不bu是shi目mu的de,你ni最zui後hou的de目mu的de是shi有you良liang好hao的de環huan境jing,是shi讓rang人ren民min大da眾zhong受shou益yi。所suo以yi在zai這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang下xia,大da家jia都dou可ke以yi想xiang象xiang的de到dao,你ni過guo去qu企qi業ye的de競jing爭zheng力li,你ni曾zeng經jing依yi賴lai的de東dong西xi,現xian在zai發fa展zhan一yi個ge變bian化hua,要yao求qiu你ni不bu能neng那na麼me耗hao費fei低di價jia格ge的de能neng源yuan,要yao節jie約yue能neng源yuan。節jie約yue能neng源yuan不bu僅jin是shi說shuo能neng源yuan、資源的節約,而且要影響到期後。比如說你要排放,排放汙染的氣體,影響到大氣,這種情況下,你要減少排放,減少能源的消耗;
第二、你生產的過程中環境的標準要提高。同時,對工人的工資、待dai遇yu也ye要yao提ti高gao,這zhe個ge東dong西xi大da家jia可ke以yi想xiang像xiang,它ta最zui後hou反fan映ying在zai如ru果guo你ni企qi業ye不bu進jin行xing創chuang造zao,沒mei有you技ji術shu進jin步bu的de話hua,它ta意yi味wei著zhe你ni過guo去qu的de要yao素su成cheng本ben都dou提ti高gao了le。所suo以yi,它ta對dui企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li又you進jin行xing很hen大da的de挑tiao戰zhan。我wo們men今jin天tian講jiang,你ni現xian在zai能neng掙zheng到dao這zhe麼me多duo錢qian,這zhe麼me多duo盈ying利li,當dang要yao求qiu你ni節jie能neng減jian排pai,要yao求qiu你ni保bao護hu環huan境jing,要yao求qiu你ni維wei護hu勞lao工gong權quan益yi的de前qian提ti下xia,你ni還hai能neng保bao持chi這zhe個ge盈ying利li能neng力li嗎ma?這zhe是shi對dui企qi業ye的de一yi個ge挑tiao戰zhan。那na麼me,企qi業ye唯wei一yi的de辦ban法fa就jiu是shi說shuo要yao繼ji續xu提ti高gao自zi身shen內nei在zai的de競jing爭zheng能neng力li。
[中國網]:
這個網友的第二提問是:如何通過加強能源資源對生態的保護來增強產業競爭力?
[金碚]:
這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)從(cong)整(zheng)體(ti)上(shang)來(lai)講(jiang),發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)辯(bian)證(zheng)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。因(yin)為(wei)能(neng)源(yuan)的(de)耗(hao)費(fei)實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)也(ye)是(shi)對(dui)物(wu)質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)耗(hao)費(fei),既(ji)是(shi)資(zi)源(yuan)問(wen)題(ti),又(you)是(shi)環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)。總(zong)而(er)言(yan)之(zhi),就(jiu)是(shi)環(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)關(guan)係(xi),這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)很(hen)辯(bian)證(zheng)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。應(ying)該(gai)說(shuo)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段(duan),它(ta)們(men)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)是(shi)有(you)所(suo)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)。在(zai)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)比(bi)較(jiao)初(chu)期(qi)的(de)階(jie)段(duan),一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說(shuo),人(ren)們(men)更(geng)重(zhong)視(shi)發(fa)展(zhan),沒(mei)有(you)發(fa)展(zhan)什(shen)麼(me)問(wen)題(ti)都(dou)解(jie)決(jue)不(bu)了(le)。但(dan)是(shi),發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)一(yi)定(ding)階(jie)段(duan)時(shi)候(hou),環(huan)境(jing)、資源問題會變得越來越重要。所以,企業就越來越要解決這個問題,在人們對於資源、環境的評價或者它的價值越來越高的情況下,你企業怎麼樣維持持續的發展?這樣一個態勢。國家也是這樣的。
name,womenkandaohuanjingheqiyedefazhanshishenmeguanxine?womenjiandandeshuo,congchangyuanlaikan,tamenyinggaishiyizhide。yinwei,fazhancongchangyuanlaijiang,yigeliangxindefazhanshiyouliyuziyuanwentidejiejue,youliyuhuanjingdegaishan。danshi,zaiyidingdeshiqi,zaiyidingdejishutiaojianxia,nijishutiaojiandabudaodeshihou,huanjinghefazhanshihuichanshengmaodunde。jiushishuo,meiyougongyefazhandebuyingxiangde,tayidingyouyingxianghuanjing。jiushiniyongshenmeyangdejishu,nameliangzhechanshengmaodundeshihou,womenzaizhengzhishangxuyaogaoduquanhengdewenti。
[金碚]:
一yi方fang麵mian中zhong國guo走zou到dao這zhe步bu應ying該gai非fei常chang重zhong視shi環huan境jing問wen題ti,但dan是shi我wo們men同tong時shi要yao考kao慮lv到dao中zhong國guo是shi發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia,發fa展zhan還hai是shi第di一yi要yao務wu。你ni不bu發fa展zhan環huan境jing問wen題ti解jie決jue不bu了le,你ni要yao發fa展zhan對dui環huan境jing一yi定ding會hui有you影ying響xiang。所suo以yi在zai這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang下xia,我wo們men在zai政zheng策ce上shang有you一yi個ge高gao度du的de權quan衡heng。就jiu是shi說shuo,既ji要yao實shi現xian發fa展zhan,同tong時shi又you要yao高gao度du的de重zhong視shi環huan境jing。那na麼me,具ju體ti來lai講jiang,就jiu是shi說shuo我wo們men在zai政zheng策ce上shang應ying該gai對dui於yu環huan境jing保bao護hu、對(dui)於(yu)資(zi)源(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)適(shi)合(he)中(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)實(shi)國(guo)情(qing)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)科(ke)學(xue)標(biao)準(zhun)。我(wo)不(bu)是(shi)說(shuo)環(huan)境(jing)標(biao)準(zhun)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)高(gao),越(yue)高(gao)越(yue)好(hao)。中(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)在(zai)開(kai)始(shi)就(jiu)應(ying)該(gai)發(fa)展(zhan)跟(gen)全(quan)世(shi)界(jie)要(yao)求(qiu),跟(gen)美(mei)國(guo)、歐洲一樣,你們也減少排放,承擔排放的國際義務。
danshi,womenqueshiyaokandaozhegewentibujinduiyushijielaijiang,duiyuzhongguolaijiangyeshihenzhongyaode,suoyiwomenyaoyouyigefeichangshidangdezhengcexuanze,shideyounenggoubaochizhongguojingjidefazhan,tongshiyouyaonenggoubaduiyuhuanjingdepohuaiduiyuziyuandexiaohaonenggoujianjuedekongzhizaizhongguokeyichengshoudefanweidexianduzhinei。bunengdaolejianglaibukeshoushizhebuxing,suoyizheshiyigehenbianzhengdeguanxi。
我(wo)們(men)從(cong)長(chang)遠(yuan)來(lai)看(kan),這(zhe)兩(liang)者(zhe)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de),我(wo)們(men)應(ying)該(gai)去(qu)尋(xun)找(zhao)這(zhe)兩(liang)者(zhe)的(de)一(yi)致(zhi)性(xing),我(wo)們(men)現(xian)在(zai)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)過(guo)分(fen)的(de)強(qiang)調(tiao)這(zhe)兩(liang)者(zhe)的(de)矛(mao)盾(dun)。這(zhe)兩(liang)者(zhe)是(shi)有(you)矛(mao)盾(dun)的(de),發(fa)展(zhan)工(gong)業(ye)沒(mei)有(you)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)。那(na)麼(me),過(guo)渡(du)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)環(huan)境(jing),一(yi)定(ding)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan),因(yin)為(wei)你(ni)成(cheng)本(ben)會(hui)很(hen)高(gao)的(de),我(wo)們(men)不(bu)能(neng)看(kan)到(dao)兩(liang)者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)矛(mao)盾(dun),我(wo)們(men)現(xian)在(zai)要(yao)尋(xun)找(zhao)兩(liang)者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)一(yi)致(zhi)性(xing)。盡(jin)快(kuai)尋(xun)找(zhao)環(huan)境(jing)和(he)工(gong)業(ye)方(fang)麵(mian)良(liang)性(xing)的(de)循(xun)環(huan),這(zhe)也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)大(da)家(jia)討(tao)論(lun)的(de),中(zhong)國(guo)要(yao)不(bu)要(yao)走(zou)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)核(he)心(xin)問(wen)題(ti)。重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)從(cong)環(huan)境(jing)來(lai)說(shuo),它(ta)要(yao)消(xiao)耗(hao)這(zhe)個(ge),它(ta)要(yao)影(ying)響(xiang)環(huan)境(jing),我(wo)們(men)說(shuo)不(bu)搞(gao)重(zhong)化(hua)行(xing)業(ye),企(qi)事(shi)業(ye)解(jie)決(jue)不(bu)了(le)。所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)們(men)現(xian)在(zai)也(ye)尋(xun)找(zhao)使(shi)得(de)發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)能(neng)夠(gou)相(xiang)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)一(yi)條(tiao)道(dao)路(lu),中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)課(ke)題(ti)。[page_break]
[中國網]:
要提高產業的競爭力除了企業自身要增加競爭力以外,還要政府要製定標準以外,在您看來政府還能做一些什麼?還應該做一些什麼?
[金碚]:
產chan業ye競jing爭zheng力li提ti高gao最zui最zui重zhong要yao的de一yi條tiao,競jing爭zheng力li來lai源yuan於yu競jing爭zheng,沒mei有you競jing爭zheng是shi沒mei有you競jing爭zheng力li的de,所suo以yi競jing爭zheng力li的de前qian提ti是shi在zai一yi個ge競jing爭zheng的de環huan境jing下xia,在zai一yi個ge競jing爭zheng和he開kai放fang的de環huan境jing下xia,我wo們men才cai來lai談tan這zhe個ge競jing爭zheng力li。所suo以yi政zheng府fu做zuo的de第di一yi個ge最zui重zhong要yao的de問wen題ti是shi,要yao構gou建jian一yi個ge公gong平ping競jing爭zheng的de市shi場chang環huan境jing。讓rang企qi業ye有you更geng大da的de自zi由you和he選xuan擇ze權quan,這zhe個ge是shi根gen本ben。如ru果guo沒mei有you這zhe個ge,比bi如ru說shuo我wo們men講jiang新xin加jia坡po,新xin加jia坡po政zheng府fu對dui這zhe個ge是shi比bi較jiao嚴yan的de,但dan是shi世shi界jie上shang公gong認ren新xin加jia坡po是shi一yi個ge市shi場chang、企業最自由的國家之一。所以,它的企業競爭力很強。中國也是,中國第一件事情構建一個公平競爭;
第二、就jiu是shi說shuo要yao使shi市shi場chang的de交jiao易yi成cheng本ben要yao盡jin可ke能neng的de低di。當dang然ran,這zhe兩liang條tiao也ye不bu會hui唯wei一yi的de,這zhe兩liang條tiao我wo們men講jiang公gong平ping競jing爭zheng和he產chan業ye競jing爭zheng。但dan是shi這zhe也ye不bu是shi政zheng府fu唯wei一yi職zhi責ze,政zheng府fu還hai要yao為wei競jing爭zheng的de市shi場chang製zhi定ding公gong平ping的de規gui則ze。大da家jia都dou要yao遵zun守shou這zhe個ge規gui則ze。特te別bie是shi在zai剛gang才cai你ni講jiang的de環huan境jing啊a、節(jie)能(neng)啊(a)還(hai)有(you)勞(lao)工(gong)權(quan)益(yi)等(deng)等(deng)方(fang)麵(mian)。這(zhe)個(ge)東(dong)西(xi)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)說(shuo)無(wu)限(xian)度(du)的(de)自(zi)由(you),自(zi)由(you)能(neng)夠(gou)帶(dai)來(lai)競(jing)爭(zheng),但(dan)是(shi)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)沒(mei)有(you)秩(zhi)序(xu)。所(suo)以(yi)政(zheng)府(fu)要(yao)規(gui)定(ding)一(yi)個(ge)比(bi)較(jiao)可(ke)行(xing)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)規(gui)則(ze),讓(rang)大(da)家(jia)在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)有(you)規(gui)則(ze)的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)來(lai)進(jin)行(xing)競(jing)爭(zheng)。
第di三san中zhong國guo還hai是shi一yi個ge發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia,中zhong國guo政zheng府fu在zai提ti升sheng企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li的de過guo程cheng中zhong間jian還hai可ke以yi做zuo很hen多duo來lai支zhi持chi企qi業ye。幫bang助zhu企qi業ye的de這zhe樣yang一yi些xie工gong作zuo,就jiu是shi幫bang助zhu企qi業ye技ji術shu進jin步bu,創chuang新xin啊a,幫bang助zhu企qi業ye能neng夠gou怎zen麼me樣yang能neng夠gou走zou向xiang國guo際ji市shi場chang的de競jing爭zheng。特te別bie是shi幫bang助zhu中zhong小xiao企qi業ye,有you更geng多duo的de中zhong小xiao企qi業ye能neng夠gou更geng好hao的de來lai經jing營ying。總zong體ti來lai說shuo,就jiu是shi政zheng府fu應ying該gai多duo做zuo這zhe方fang麵mian工gong作zuo。首shou先xian是shi讓rang企qi業ye競jing爭zheng,然ran後hou製zhi定ding規gui則ze,然ran後hou在zai適shi當dang的de時shi候hou政zheng府fu應ying該gai幫bang助zhu有you些xie企qi業ye。
tebieshiwoqiangtiaodezhongxiaoxingqiye,zhengfuyaozhidingzhengcelaibangzhutamen,zaijingzhengguochengzhongtamenzaijingzhengguochengzhongxiangduiyuruoxiao,tebieshiyixieguizehenkenengshiduizhongxiaoqiyebulide。biruhuanjingbiaozhun、技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)等(deng)等(deng),進(jin)入(ru)設(she)置(zhi)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)門(men)檻(kan)往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)把(ba)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)關(guan)在(zai)外(wai)麵(mian),這(zhe)個(ge)不(bu)利(li)於(yu)競(jing)爭(zheng)。政(zheng)府(fu)講(jiang)我(wo)願(yuan)意(yi)有(you)這(zhe)個(ge)規(gui)則(ze),你(ni)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)幫(bang)助(zhu)那(na)些(xie)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)間(jian)的(de)弱(ruo)者(zhe)。競(jing)爭(zheng)者(zhe)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)實(shi)力(li)能(neng)夠(gou)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)讓(rang)它(ta)勢(shi)均(jun)力(li)敵(di),這(zhe)個(ge)時(shi)候(hou)最(zui)有(you)有(you)利(li)於(yu)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的(de)提(ti)高(gao)。比(bi)如(ru)政(zheng)府(fu)說(shuo)你(ni)可(ke)以(yi)幹(gan)你(ni)不(bu)可(ke)以(yi)幹(gan),他(ta)也(ye)沒(mei)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。
[金碚]:
我(wo)們(men)采(cai)取(qu)了(le)扶(fu)優(you)扶(fu)強(qiang)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce),我(wo)們(men)當(dang)時(shi)也(ye)說(shuo)你(ni)不(bu)要(yao)看(kan)人(ren)家(jia)優(you)了(le),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)跟(gen)外(wai)國(guo)企(qi)業(ye)根(gen)本(ben)不(bu)能(neng)比(bi),我(wo)們(men)應(ying)該(gai)做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強(qiang),你(ni)越(yue)強(qiang)越(yue)優(you)我(wo)越(yue)扶(fu)你(ni)。這(zhe)個(ge)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)階(jie)段(duan)這(zhe)個(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)的(de)。所(suo)以(yi),我(wo)們(men)采(cai)取(qu)了(le)很(hen)多(duo)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce),你(ni)越(yue)好(hao)我(wo)越(yue)對(dui)你(ni)優(you)惠(hui),讓(rang)你(ni)成(cheng)為(wei)更(geng)強(qiang)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)主(zhu)體(ti),這(zhe)種(zhong)階(jie)段(duan)和(he)政(zheng)策(ce)我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)也(ye)到(dao)了(le)改(gai)變(bian)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)。強(qiang)者(zhe)不(bu)用(yong)再(zai)扶(fu)了(le),他(ta)自(zi)己(ji)就(jiu)強(qiang)了(le)。如(ru)果(guo)他(ta)還(hai)要(yao)你(ni)扶(fu)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)他(ta)一(yi)定(ding)不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)強(qiang)。過(guo)去(qu)確(que)實(shi)我(wo)們(men)的(de)強(qiang)者(zhe)也(ye)不(bu)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)政(zheng)府(fu)也(ye)應(ying)該(gai)扶(fu)優(you)富(fu)強(qiang),政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)該(gai)扶(fu)那(na)些(xie)中(zhong)小(xiao)企(qi)業(ye),扶(fu)持(chi)那(na)些(xie)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)中(zhong)的(de)弱(ruo)者(zhe),讓(rang)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)強(qiang)者(zhe)出(chu)現(xian)。
這(zhe)種(zhong)競(jing)爭(zheng)政(zheng)策(ce)我(wo)認(ren)為(wei)當(dang)然(ran)這(zhe)並(bing)不(bu)是(shi)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)主(zhu)題(ti),也(ye)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)競(jing)爭(zheng)政(zheng)策(ce)也(ye)到(dao)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)需(xu)要(yao)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)在(zai)強(qiang)調(tiao)科(ke)學(xue)發(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)在(zai)強(qiang)調(tiao)資(zi)源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),這(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)也(ye)應(ying)該(gai)引(yin)起(qi)高(gao)度(du)的(de)重(zhong)視(shi)。就(jiu)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)科(ke)學(xue)發(fa)展(zhan)觀(guan)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de),這(zhe)個(ge)資(zi)源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)也(ye)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)。但(dan)是(shi)你(ni)非(fei)常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao),政(zheng)府(fu)在(zai)幹(gan)預(yu)的(de)時(shi)候(hou)製(zhi)定(ding)的(de)一(yi)係(xi)列(lie)政(zheng)策(ce),最(zui)後(hou)你(ni)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)是(shi)什(shen)麼(me)呢(ne)?你(ni)政(zheng)策(ce)效(xiao)果(guo)是(shi)有(you)利(li)於(yu)更(geng)公(gong)平(ping)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)呢(ne),還(hai)是(shi)不(bu)利(li)於(yu)公(gong)平(ping)競(jing)爭(zheng)呢(ne),這(zhe)個(ge)差(cha)距(ju)就(jiu)很(hen)大(da)。那(na)麼(me),我(wo)想(xiang)中(zhong)國(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)明(ming)智(zhi)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)它(ta)又(you)要(yao)解(jie)決(jue)環(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)問(wen)題(ti),又(you)要(yao)能(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)得(de)市(shi)場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)能(neng)夠(gou)充(chong)分(fen),能(neng)夠(gou)比(bi)較(jiao)自(zi)由(you)。而(er)且(qie),要(yao)去(qu)讓(rang)弱(ruo)者(zhe)也(ye)有(you)機(ji)會(hui)來(lai)參(can)與(yu)競(jing)爭(zheng)。這(zhe)樣(yang)子(zi)中(zhong)國(guo)從(cong)長(chang)遠(yuan)來(lai)看(kan),競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)才(cai)會(hui)提(ti)高(gao)。所(suo)以(yi)歸(gui)根(gen)到(dao)底(di)還(hai)是(shi)那(na)句(ju)話(hua),競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)來(lai)源(yuan)於(yu)競(jing)爭(zheng),不(bu)競(jing)爭(zheng)沒(mei)有(you)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。
[中國網]:
ganggangwomenyizhizailiaoqiyedeyinglinengliheqiyedejingzhengli,jinsuochangzaininkanlaizhongguoqiyedeyinglinenglidexianzhuanghetakechixufazhanzhuangkuangshizenyangde?weiwomendajiajieshaoyixia。
[金碚]:
應ying該gai說shuo這zhe是shi一yi個ge好hao的de階jie段duan。我wo們men從cong上shang個ge世shi紀ji末mo到dao這zhe個ge世shi紀ji初chu經jing過guo一yi個ge微wei利li時shi期qi,進jin入ru了le一yi個ge企qi業ye盈ying利li普pu遍bian上shang升sheng的de階jie段duan,這zhe個ge階jie段duan表biao明ming中zhong國guo的de企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li提ti高gao。那na麼me,下xia一yi步bu會hui怎zen麼me樣yang呢ne?下xia一yi步bu應ying該gai說shuo有you有you利li的de方fang麵mian,也ye有you不bu利li的de方fang麵mian。對dui於yu企qi業ye盈ying利li來lai說shuo,有you利li的de方fang麵mian是shi第di一yi企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li增zeng強qiang,企qi業ye能neng力li在zai增zeng強qiang;
第二、jiushiqiyejingzhengdekongjiankuoda。guoquwomenzaiguoneibijiaoxiaxiao,xianzaiwomenkeyidaoguowai。guoquzhuyaoshizaishengchanlingyu,ranhoukuodadaoshichangyingxiaolingyu。xianzaikeyikuodadaozibenlingyu,kuodadaoguojijingzhengdelingyu。qiyedekongjianxunzhaochanshengyinglidekongjian,queshizaikuoda。
第三、中國的產業升級進入到一個比較好的階段。過去我們比較弱的產業,比如說機械啊、電dian子zi啊a,甚shen至zhi是shi一yi些xie重zhong工gong業ye,甚shen至zhi是shi資zi本ben產chan業ye的de資zi本ben,現xian在zai競jing爭zheng力li明ming顯xian在zai提ti高gao。競jing爭zheng力li提ti升sheng的de結jie果guo,當dang然ran它ta的de盈ying利li能neng力li比bi較jiao強qiang。這zhe也ye是shi有you利li的de,總zong之zhi有you很hen多duo有you利li方fang麵mian。當dang然ran也ye有you很hen嚴yan重zhong的de挑tiao戰zhan,第di一yi是shi經jing營ying的de風feng險xian性xing在zai增zeng強qiang;nikongjianyueda,guoqushishengchan,xianzaibujinyaoshengchan,ranhouyaoyingxiao,kaituoshichang,zhegedangranbijiaonanyidian,dangranfengxianyebushihenda。dangnizaiwangqianzou,zoushangguoji,nijingyingdefanweizoudaoletouzilingyu,zoudaoleguojitouzilingyu,fengxianhuizengda。
duizhongguoqiyedejingyingguanlishuipinghuigenggao,niyoumeiyounenglizaiyigegengdadefanweinei,tebieshinirongdegengduozijinzhihou,nihaiyouzhemedadezijinlaihuodetongyangdeyinglima?womenyouyigejiancejielun,shangshigongsidejingzhenglihaiburufeishangshigongsi。weishenmene?jiushizhegewenti。birushuoniyuanlaishiyigehenhaodeqiye,nikeyiyouyigeyideguimo,nichuangzaoleyiqianwandelirun,nidelirunlvjiuyou10%了。現在我們說你的企業很好,既然你有10%的(de)盈(ying)利(li)能(neng)力(li),現(xian)在(zai)我(wo)們(men)就(jiu)讓(rang)你(ni)上(shang)市(shi),給(gei)你(ni)更(geng)多(duo)的(de)錢(qian),當(dang)你(ni)企(qi)業(ye)有(you)十(shi)個(ge)億(yi)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),你(ni)如(ru)果(guo)還(hai)創(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)千(qian)萬(wan),你(ni)效(xiao)益(yi)就(jiu)顯(xian)著(zhu)下(xia)降(jiang)。你(ni)原(yuan)來(lai)一(yi)個(ge)億(yi)你(ni)創(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)千(qian)萬(wan),你(ni)現(xian)在(zai)十(shi)個(ge)億(yi)你(ni)還(hai)創(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)千(qian)萬(wan)。所(suo)以(yi),企(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)得(de)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)越(yue)多(duo)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),對(dui)它(ta)的(de)盈(ying)利(li)能(neng)力(li)要(yao)求(qiu)就(jiu)越(yue)高(gao),它(ta)的(de)管(guan)理(li)者(zhe)能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)保(bao)持(chi)你(ni)在(zai)運(yun)作(zuo)一(yi)個(ge)小(xiao)規(gui)模(mo)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),這(zhe)個(ge)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大(da)。是(shi)第(di)二(er)個(ge)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。
第di三san個ge挑tiao戰zhan就jiu是shi說shuo要yao素su成cheng本ben會hui普pu遍bian上shang漲zhang,環huan境jing標biao準zhun也ye會hui大da幅fu度du提ti高gao,在zai這zhe種zhong條tiao件jian下xia,對dui企qi業ye成cheng本ben是shi一yi個ge重zhong大da的de壓ya力li。如ru果guo你ni不bu進jin入ru創chuang新xin,你ni成cheng本ben一yi定ding推tui低di,當dang然ran你ni會hui壓ya縮suo你ni的de空kong間jian。盡jin管guan現xian在zai中zhong國guo普pu遍bian的de企qi業ye技ji術shu創chuang新xin投tou入ru還hai不bu足zu,但dan是shi我wo估gu計ji下xia一yi個ge階jie段duan,你ni企qi業ye不bu走zou創chuang新xin的de路lu子zi,你ni就jiu難nan再zai繼ji續xu保bao持chi你ni這zhe麼me好hao的de業ye績ji。所suo以yi,下xia一yi階jie段duan對dui企qi業ye盈ying利li是shi既ji有you樂le觀guan的de,良liang好hao的de機ji會hui,又you有you要yao研yan究jiu的de挑tiao戰zhan。[page_break]
[中國網]:
我們看下一位網友的提問。他說:眾所周知中國的經濟總體水平呈現是東、中、西的階梯差別,根據你們的監測情況,中國企業競爭力總體水平是否有類似的地區差異?有那些因素造成的呢?
[金碚]:
對dui。基ji本ben上shang也ye是shi這zhe樣yang。因yin為wei我wo們men的de監jian測ce的de目mu的de就jiu是shi通tong過guo企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li的de監jian測ce來lai反fan映ying中zhong國guo經jing濟ji資zi本ben狀zhuang況kuang,我wo們men監jian測ce的de結jie果guo大da體ti上shang也ye是shi這zhe樣yang。基ji本ben上shang我wo們men還hai是shi反fan映ying了le中zhong國guo目mu前qian的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de狀zhuang況kuang。
[李鋼]:
我wo們men在zai監jian測ce的de時shi候hou對dui各ge地di區qu企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li有you評ping估gu。首shou先xian我wo們men從cong總zong格ge局ju來lai看kan,東dong部bu的de企qi業ye競jing爭zheng力li比bi較jiao強qiang,中zhong部bu次ci,西xi部bu的de比bi較jiao弱ruo,總zong的de來lai看kan格ge局ju是shi這zhe樣yang的de。而er且qie,我wo們men會hui看kan到dao中zhong國guo目mu前qian來lai看kan,上shang市shi最zui多duo的de地di區qu是shi廣guang東dong、上海和北京,上市規模是這樣的。因為我們每年有監測企業競爭力前百強的情況,我們監測結果是中國目前百強最多的地方是廣東、上海和北京。
但(dan)是(shi),我(wo)們(men)會(hui)發(fa)現(xian)我(wo)們(men)對(dui)每(mei)個(ge)地(di)區(qu)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)做(zuo)了(le)一(yi)個(ge)平(ping)均(jun)分(fen),我(wo)們(men)得(de)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)結(jie)果(guo)是(shi)什(shen)麼(me)?我(wo)們(men)把(ba)廣(guang)東(dong)單(dan)獨(du)列(lie)出(chu)來(lai)發(fa)現(xian)我(wo)們(men)會(hui)發(fa)現(xian),競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)最(zui)強(qiang)的(de)第(di)三(san)個(ge)是(shi)廣(guang)州(zhou)、山東和北京。特別是山東,我們在2004niandeshihouzuoguoyigetiaozha,womenhuifaxianzhongguozhimingpinpaizuijizhongdeyigedifangjingranshishandong。suoyiwomenjiaodeyigediquduiyigeqiyedejingzhenglihaishiyouhendadeyingxiangde。
[中國網]:
我們看下一位網友的提問:今年8月上旬,社科文獻出版社出版了社科院首部《工業化藍皮書》。就jiu在zai這zhe部bu書shu的de發fa布bu會hui上shang,金jin所suo長chang發fa言yan了le,你ni說shuo中zhong國guo將jiang會hui有you一yi個ge很hen長chang的de工gong業ye化hua過guo程cheng,中zhong國guo經jing濟ji社she會hui對dui重zhong化hua工gong業ye的de發fa展zhan也ye有you很hen大da的de依yi賴lai。你ni能neng不bu能neng描miao述shu一yi下xia中zhong國guo未wei來lai的de工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng大da致zhi是shi怎zen樣yang的de一yi條tiao路lu?第di二er個ge問wen題ti是shi,三san個ge產chan業ye的de關guan係xi將jiang會hui發fa生sheng怎zen樣yang的de轉zhuan化hua?
[金碚]:
這zhe是shi國guo內nei理li論lun屆jie和he經jing濟ji屆jie爭zheng論lun比bi較jiao多duo的de一yi個ge問wen題ti。就jiu是shi說shuo,作zuo為wei中zhong國guo這zhe樣yang一yi個ge國guo家jia,人ren均jun的de土tu地di麵mian積ji和he資zi源yuan都dou比bi較jiao缺que乏fa。人ren口kou這zhe麼me多duo,能neng不bu能neng夠gou,或huo者zhe是shi會hui不bu會hui繼ji續xu走zou其qi他ta工gong業ye化hua國guo家jia同tong樣yang的de道dao路lu,在zai經jing過guo加jia工gong輕qing工gong業ye的de一yi段duan高gao速su的de發fa展zhan之zhi後hou,進jin入ru一yi個ge重zhong化hua工gong業ye的de發fa展zhan階jie段duan。那na麼me,有you的de學xue者zhe認ren為wei中zhong國guo不bu應ying該gai或huo者zhe不bu可ke能neng走zou重zhong化hua工gong業ye發fa展zhan的de道dao路lu,因yin為wei中zhong國guo資zi源yuan短duan缺que,環huan境jing脆cui弱ruo等deng等deng,人ren口kou眾zhong多duo等deng等deng原yuan因yin。有you的de學xue者zhe認ren為wei,重zhong化hua工gong業ye是shi中zhong國guo工gong業ye化hua發fa展zhan的de一yi個ge必bi經jing的de階jie段duan。應ying該gai說shuo雙shuang方fang都dou有you合he理li性xing。
首shou先xian我wo們men看kan一yi下xia中zhong國guo的de現xian實shi,一yi個ge現xian實shi是shi說shuo現xian在zai很hen多duo經jing濟ji比bi較jiao發fa展zhan的de地di區qu,我wo在zai中zhong國guo比bi較jiao發fa展zhan的de地di區qu,他ta們men的de工gong業ye產chan業ye布bu局ju都dou傾qing向xiang重zhong化hua工gong業ye。比bi如ru說shuo都dou在zai發fa展zhan鋼gang鐵tie、裝備製造,都去發展釉、鎂(mei)這(zhe)些(xie)東(dong)西(xi),哪(na)怕(pa)是(shi)過(guo)去(qu)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)弱(ruo)的(de)地(di)區(qu),比(bi)如(ru)說(shuo)廣(guang)東(dong),他(ta)們(men)也(ye)把(ba)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)作(zuo)為(wei)下(xia)一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)選(xuan)擇(ze)方(fang)式(shi)。這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)現(xian)實(shi)對(dui)吧(ba)。包(bao)括(kuo)上(shang)海(hai)、江蘇、山東都是這樣。那麼,他們為什麼這麼做呢?這是一個現實。
[金碚]:
diergexianshishishuo,zhongguoqueshishimianlinzheziyuanhuanjingwenti,ziyuanhuanjingwentilimianzuizhongyaodeshishuiziyuan,ranhoushinengyuan,huanjingwentiyeshibijiaoyanjun。namewentishishuo,zhexiewentidejiejuenengbunenggoushuowomenbufazhanzhonghuagongyezhexiewentijiunengjiejuene?qishi,bufazhanzhexiezhonghuagongye,keyishuosuoyouzhongguomianlindezhongdadejingjiheshehuiwentidoujiejuebule。zhongguoyaogongyehua、城cheng市shi化hua,城cheng市shi化hua沒mei有you重zhong工gong業ye怎zen麼me能neng夠gou形xing成cheng城cheng市shi?中zhong國guo這zhe麼me大da個ge國guo家jia解jie決jue交jiao通tong問wen題ti沒mei有you重zhong工gong業ye怎zen麼me解jie決jue挑tiao戰zhan問wen題ti?中zhong國guo我wo前qian麵mian講jiang,最zui大da的de資zi源yuan問wen題ti是shi水shui資zi源yuan問wen題ti,沒mei有you水shui資zi源yuan沒mei有you水shui利li怎zen麼me解jie決jue中zhong國guo的de水shui問wen題ti?中zhong國guo的de環huan境jing問wen題ti很hen嚴yan峻jun,環huan境jing問wen題ti裏li麵mian最zui重zhong要yao的de是shi中zhong國guo國guo土tu的de整zheng治zhi。如ru何he整zheng治zhi?沒mei有you重zhong工gong業ye怎zen麼me進jin行xing整zheng治zhi?重zhong工gong業ye當dang然ran要yao消xiao耗hao土tu地di。但dan是shi,中zhong國guo有you大da片pian到dao目mu前qian的de技ji術shu條tiao件jian下xia沒mei有you經jing濟ji價jia值zhi,或huo者zhe經jing濟ji價jia值zhi很hen低di的de土tu地di,中zhong國guo不bu是shi沒mei有you地di,是shi可ke經jing濟ji價jia值zhi高gao地di比bi較jiao少shao,中zhong國guo總zong體ti的de地di並bing不bu少shao。但dan是shi你ni要yao讓rang那na些xie現xian在zai沒mei有you用yong的de土tu地di,讓rang它ta變bian得de有you用yong,讓rang它ta成cheng為wei有you用yong的de土tu地di,你ni靠kao什shen麼me?你ni靠kao重zhong化hua工gong業ye的de發fa展zhan來lai整zheng治zhi這zhe些xie土tu地di。發fa展zhan交jiao通tong,來lai使shi更geng大da的de土tu地di有you用yong。
所(suo)以(yi)中(zhong)國(guo)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)確(que)實(shi)有(you)那(na)些(xie)抉(jue)擇(ze),它(ta)會(hui)對(dui)於(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)造(zao)成(cheng)很(hen)大(da)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)。如(ru)果(guo)你(ni)處(chu)理(li)不(bu)當(dang)的(de)話(hua),會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)破(po)壞(huai),和(he)資(zi)源(yuan)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)破(po)壞(huai)。但(dan)是(shi),我(wo)們(men)從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)說(shuo),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)國(guo)情(qing)也(ye)決(jue)定(ding),如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye),中(zhong)國(guo)所(suo)有(you)重(zhong)大(da)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)問(wen)題(ti)都(dou)解(jie)決(jue)不(bu)了(le)。所(suo)以(yi),我(wo)剛(gang)才(cai)講(jiang),我(wo)們(men)中(zhong)國(guo)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)尋(xun)找(zhao)發(fa)展(zhan)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)和(he)解(jie)決(jue)中(zhong)國(guo)資(zi)源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)統(tong)一(yi)的(de)道(dao)路(lu),這(zhe)對(dui)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye),農(nong)村(cun)永(yong)遠(yuan)是(shi)落(luo)後(hou)的(de),沒(mei)有(you)城(cheng)市(shi),沒(mei)有(you)交(jiao)通(tong),水(shui)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)解(jie)決(jue)不(bu)了(le)。你(ni)就(jiu)是(shi)解(jie)決(jue)環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)、保護環境你也靠重化工業,沒有機械、設備、沒有交通、能(neng)源(yuan)你(ni)環(huan)境(jing)怎(zen)麼(me)解(jie)決(jue)?重(zhong)大(da)農(nong)業(ye)怎(zen)麼(me)解(jie)決(jue)?所(suo)以(yi)這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)非(fei)常(chang)辯(bian)證(zheng)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)我(wo)們(men)要(yao)看(kan)到(dao)發(fa)展(zhan)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)對(dui)我(wo)們(men)國(guo)家(jia)資(zi)源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)壓(ya)力(li),和(he)它(ta)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)破(po)壞(huai)作(zuo)用(yong),但(dan)是(shi)同(tong)時(shi)我(wo)們(men)也(ye)要(yao)看(kan)到(dao),我(wo)們(men)必(bi)須(xu)要(yao)走(zou)通(tong)過(guo)重(zhong)化(hua)工(gong)業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)來(lai)長(chang)遠(yuan)的(de)解(jie)決(jue)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)資(zi)源(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題(ti)。
[中國網]:
這個就是中國未來工業發展的方向?
[金碚]:
dui。zhongguomeiyoutiaojianshishuozouyigezhuyaokaobirushuofuwuye,bufazhangongyelaijiejue,youdeguojiakeyi,wokeyixianzhifazhangongyelaijiejuewodeziyuan。danzhongguozoubulezhetiaolu,zuishaoshizhenggeguojialaishuozoubulezhetiaolu。suoyi,keguanshangjiangwomengongyexiangdangdegao。zhegeshikeguanguilvba。[page_break]
[中國網]:
我們來看下位網友的提問:金(jin)所(suo)長(chang)您(nin)還(hai)擔(dan)任(ren)著(zhe)中(zhong)國(guo)經(jing)營(ying)報(bao)社(she)長(chang)一(yi)職(zhi),對(dui)傳(chuan)媒(mei)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)很(hen)深(shen)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)。請(qing)問(wen)你(ni)在(zai)傳(chuan)媒(mei)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)經(jing)驗(yan)對(dui)你(ni)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)有(you)怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)幫(bang)助(zhu)呢(ne)?或(huo)者(zhe)反(fan)過(guo)來(lai)說(shuo),對(dui)傳(chuan)媒(mei)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)幫(bang)助(zhu)您(nin)更(geng)好(hao)的(de)管(guan)理(li)一(yi)家(jia)報(bao)社(she)?
[金碚]:
當然可以。《中國經營報》應(ying)該(gai)說(shuo)它(ta)既(ji)是(shi)一(yi)張(zhang)高(gao)度(du)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)的(de)報(bao)紙(zhi),同(tong)時(shi)它(ta)本(ben)身(shen)也(ye)是(shi)一(yi)張(zhang)財(cai)經(jing)的(de)報(bao)紙(zhi)。它(ta)報(bao)道(dao)中(zhong)國(guo)財(cai)經(jing)的(de)新(xin)聞(wen)。當(dang)然(ran)是(shi)進(jin)入(ru)一(yi)個(ge)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)的(de)報(bao)社(she),當(dang)然(ran)對(dui)我(wo)們(men)研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)有(you)很(hen)大(da)的(de)幫(bang)助(zhu)。同(tong)時(shi),我(wo)們(men)對(dui)於(yu)產(chan)業(ye)以(yi)及(ji)產(chan)業(ye)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)和(he)企(qi)業(ye)管(guan)理(li)的(de)一(yi)些(xie)理(li)論(lun)和(he)經(jing)驗(yan)也(ye)很(hen)有(you)利(li)於(yu)來(lai)促(cu)進(jin)《中國經營報》本身的發展。所以應該說,《中國經營報》特別是這一、兩年來它的發展勢頭也是比較好的。今年據說是平麵媒體的廣告收入有所下降,因為電子媒體的競爭。《中國經營報》相反,我們今年的廣告收入有比較大幅度的增長,銷售也比較好,當然跟我們去客觀的、冷leng靜jing的de分fen析xi傳chuan媒mei產chan業ye有you很hen大da的de關guan係xi。我wo們men對dui傳chuan媒mei產chan業ye的de發fa展zhan也ye有you我wo們men自zi己ji的de分fen析xi的de看kan法fa,找zhao到dao我wo們men的de報bao紙zhi發fa展zhan的de空kong間jian在zai哪na裏li,這zhe又you是shi一yi個ge專zhuan門men的de話hua題ti。到dao底di中zhong國guo平ping麵mian媒mei體ti它ta的de發fa展zhan方fang向xiang怎zen麼me樣yang,作zuo為wei一yi個ge平ping麵mian媒mei體ti為wei主zhu的de這zhe樣yang一yi個ge報bao社she,它ta的de生sheng存cun的de空kong間jian,它ta的de盈ying利li的de機ji會hui在zai什shen麼me地di方fang?我wo們men也ye有you分fen析xi。所suo以yi,我wo們men的de經jing營ying管guan理li就jiu瞄miao準zhun了le這zhe樣yang一yi個ge方fang向xiang,所suo以yi能neng夠gou獲huo得de比bi較jiao好hao的de業ye績ji。
[中國網]:
這個網友還有一個問題,就是說你怎麼評價中國傳媒產業的競爭力?
[金碚]:
zhongguochuanmeichanyedejingzhenglizongtilaijiangbushihenqiang,danshixianzaiguimoyijingbijiaoda,zhongguodechubanwuyehao,zhongguodebaokanfaxingliangyehao,yinweizhongguoshigedaguo,tazaizhegeliangshangkenengyijingzoudaoshijiepaimingbijiaoqianle。danshi,zongtilaijiangzhongguochuanmeiyedejingzhenglihaibushihenqiang。yigeshitayouyigechengchangdeguocheng,nametayouyigetizhishangdewentihaimeiyouzuizhongjiejue,diergewentijiushishuozenmeyangxingchengyigechuanmeichanye,woqianmianjiangguojingzhenglilaiyuanyujingzheng,zenmeyangxingchengyigechuanmeichanyezhongjiangongpingjingzhengdezheyangyigezhuangtai、規gui則ze,中zhong國guo還hai在zai探tan索suo。中zhong國guo傳chuan媒mei競jing爭zheng應ying該gai是shi這zhe樣yang,傳chuan媒mei競jing爭zheng主zhu體ti是shi誰shui?你ni允yun許xu競jing爭zheng的de空kong間jian是shi哪na些xie?這zhe個ge大da家jia都dou在zai探tan索suo。那na麼me,在zai業ye績ji上shang也ye表biao現xian為wei中zhong國guo傳chuan媒mei單dan位wei吧ba,有you的de是shi企qi業ye,有you的de不bu是shi企qi業ye,他ta的de業ye績ji表biao現xian,除chu了le極ji少shao數shu之zhi外wai,大da多duo數shu都dou和he國guo外wai的de同tong類lei企qi業ye沒mei法fa比bi。所suo以yi,中zhong國guo的de傳chuan媒mei產chan業ye競jing爭zheng力li提ti升sheng還hai有you很hen長chang的de路lu要yao走zou,而er且qie現xian在zai我wo們men還hai麵mian臨lin著zhe怎zen麼me樣yang參can與yu國guo際ji競jing爭zheng的de問wen題ti,都dou在zai探tan索suo,所suo以yi跟gen中zhong國guo的de企qi業ye相xiang比bi和he中zhong國guo的de特te別bie是shi工gong商shang的de企qi業ye相xiang比bi,中zhong國guo傳chuan媒mei業ye的de競jing爭zheng力li應ying該gai說shuo是shi大da大da的de好hao的de。
[金碚]:
這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)比(bi)較(jiao)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)領(ling)域(yu),要(yao)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)規(gui)則(ze),要(yao)有(you)一(yi)條(tiao)符(fu)合(he)中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)的(de)這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)種(zhong)競(jing)爭(zheng)製(zhi)度(du),才(cai)能(neng)夠(gou)使(shi)得(de)這(zhe)個(ge)行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)間(jian)能(neng)夠(gou)真(zhen)正(zheng)形(xing)成(cheng)比(bi)較(jiao)強(qiang)有(you)利(li)的(de)競(jing)爭(zheng)。
[中國網]:
謝謝金所長,在今天節目快要結束的時候,有什麼需要對我們廣大網友說的?
[金碚]:
非fei常chang感gan謝xie廣guang大da網wang友you來lai關guan注zhu這zhe樣yang一yi個ge問wen題ti,中zhong國guo競jing爭zheng力li問wen題ti是shi市shi場chang經jing濟ji條tiao件jian下xia的de一yi個ge根gen本ben問wen題ti,所suo有you問wen題ti的de解jie決jue都dou依yi賴lai於yu你ni有you沒mei有you具ju有you較jiao強qiang競jing爭zheng力li的de企qi業ye、產業、以(yi)至(zhi)你(ni)整(zheng)個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)是(shi)否(fou)具(ju)有(you)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)。我(wo)們(men)對(dui)這(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)題(ti)經(jing)過(guo)了(le)十(shi)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)有(you)一(yi)些(xie)心(xin)得(de)體(ti)會(hui)和(he)成(cheng)果(guo),通(tong)過(guo)這(zhe)個(ge)渠(qu)道(dao)來(lai)和(he)廣(guang)大(da)網(wang)友(you)來(lai)交(jiao)流(liu),這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)個(ge)機(ji)會(hui),我(wo)們(men)也(ye)很(hen)感(gan)謝(xie)網(wang)友(you)們(men)的(de)關(guan)注(zhu)。
[李鋼]:
感謝中國網給我們機會來跟大家溝通交流,來介紹我們這本書,也很高興今天能夠跟各位網友來分享我們十年來的研究成果謝謝大家。
[中國網]:
謝謝金所長、李鋼先生的做客,再會。