http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-26 22:15:17 來源:中國工業報

“規模不經濟問題”是shi目mu前qian國guo內nei一yi些xie頗po具ju規gui模mo的de模mo具ju製zhi造zao企qi業ye所suo麵mian臨lin的de一yi個ge嚴yan峻jun問wen題ti,它ta給gei這zhe些xie企qi業ye的de擴kuo大da生sheng產chan帶dai來lai了le一yi係xi列lie難nan題ti,進jin而er製zhi約yue了le他ta們men的de進jin一yi步bu發fa展zhan。如ru何he化hua解jie“規模不經濟”已成為擺在這些企業麵前的一道亟待解決的課題。
多方因素抵消模具廠商利潤
據筆者了解,一家具有30多duo年nian製zhi造zao曆li史shi的de模mo具ju重zhong點dian骨gu幹gan企qi業ye,近jin年nian來lai發fa展zhan很hen快kuai,技ji術shu水shui平ping在zai全quan國guo也ye是shi領ling先xian的de,但dan盈ying利li情qing況kuang卻que一yi直zhi不bu是shi很hen好hao。年nian生sheng產chan上shang千qian套tao擠ji出chu模mo具ju,1年nian的de產chan值zhi隻zhi有you上shang億yi元yuan,利li潤run就jiu更geng少shao,甚shen至zhi比bi不bu上shang使shi用yong他ta們men模mo具ju的de中zhong小xiao企qi業ye的de產chan值zhi和he利li潤run。大da家jia不bu僅jin感gan到dao不bu解jie,說shuo模mo具ju的de技ji術shu附fu加jia值zhi高gao達da到dao60%~70%yishang,yiduitiegedanengmaishangxiaoqichedejiaqian,zheshiduohaodemaimaiya,zenmehuibuzhuanqian?shishishang,dantaomojudefujiazhiqueshihengao,danmojubushirichangxiaofeipin,bukenengtongyizhongguigeshengchanhenduo,juyoudanjian、小批量的特點,而且模具的產品精度和技術要求很高,生產加工的過程中需要很多高精度的專用設備,需要很多具有專業技能的研發、設計人員和技術工人,這些都要計入生產成本。所以,模具廠家的利潤大多被設備折舊,人員工資和服務費用所抵消。
“規模不經濟”製約模具廠發展
guoquguoneidemojuzhizaoyewujibenshangbeikanzuoshiyizhongweidanweizhuchanpintigongjishuzhichihegengxinhuandaidefushuchanpin。shishishang,yixiedadejiadianhuoqicheqiyeqijinrengranbaoliuzhezijidemojuchang,tamenkaimojushibujichengbende,yinweizheyikuaidechengbentamenhuicongchanpinzhongzhaohui。erqiechangjiaweileweichipinpaidechayihuatezheng,yibanqingkuangxiabuduiwaijiagongmojuyingli。
zhuanyemojushengchanqiyejiubunengzhemezuo,tajiushiyaozuomojuzhuanqian,shenmeyangdemojudingdandoukenengjie,zheyangyilai,qiyejiumianlinzheyigechayihuadewenti。youhenduoqiyezuoleduoniandemoju,quebuganbaozhengmeiyitaomojudouhuichenggong。youshi,jishiqianmiangangzuochengleyifumoju,houbianzaizuotongyangdemojuyebuganbaozhengbaifenzhibaichenggong。weishenmene?yinweimojuchengxingjishuchulemojubenshendeyinsuzhiwai,haishejidaohenduoyinsu,birushebeixingneng、材料性能,還有工藝條件、溫度、壓力、生sheng產chan環huan境jing等deng諸zhu多duo因yin素su都dou影ying響xiang成cheng型xing效xiao果guo。模mo具ju產chan品pin還hai有you一yi個ge特te性xing,就jiu是shi很hen難nan進jin行xing過guo程cheng控kong製zhi,基ji本ben上shang是shi隻zhi有you做zuo好hao之zhi後hou才cai能neng檢jian測ce是shi否fou合he格ge,而er一yi旦dan不bu合he格ge,損sun失shi已yi經jing不bu可ke挽wan回hui。
ciwai,mojuqiyehaiyouyigezuitoutongdewentijiushijiaohuoqidewenti。kehudedingdanbukenenganzhaoyigejunhengdebilixiadaoqiye,wangwangyigechanpinxingqinghaole,henduochangjiadouzhengzhekaimozi,duijiaohuoqicuidehenjin,yinweimojuzaoyitianshangxian,chanpinjiuhuizaoyitianshangshi,zhejiugeimojuzhizaoqiyedepaichanzaochengkunnan。youhenduoqiyeweilekuodashichangjiumaishebei、招(zhao)人(ren),擴(kuo)大(da)生(sheng)產(chan)規(gui)模(mo),但(dan)在(zai)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian),產(chan)能(neng)永(yong)遠(yuan)滿(man)足(zu)不(bu)了(le)市(shi)場(chang)需(xu)求(qiu),因(yin)為(wei)你(ni)是(shi)單(dan)件(jian)生(sheng)產(chan),你(ni)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)提(ti)前(qian)做(zuo)一(yi)些(xie)庫(ku)存(cun),你(ni)不(bu)斷(duan)地(di)要(yao)給(gei)用(yong)戶(hu)提(ti)供(gong)服(fu)務(wu),解(jie)決(jue)問(wen)題(ti),所(suo)以(yi)就(jiu)陷(xian)入(ru)不(bu)停(ting)地(di)買(mai)設(she)備(bei)、擴大規格的怪圈。這樣一來,生產規模越來越大,模具廠獲得的利潤卻越來越低,“規模不經濟”效應在許多模具廠充分暴露出來。
多方發力促成問題解決 要解決模具廠的“規模不經濟”問題,隻有依靠政府、社會、協會、企業、用戶之間的共同努力才有可能取得比較好的效果。
一(yi)是(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)要(yao)加(jia)強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)布(bu)局(ju)和(he)行(xing)業(ye)引(yin)導(dao),並(bing)在(zai)政(zheng)策(ce)上(shang)給(gei)那(na)些(xie)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)創(chuang)新(xin)實(shi)踐(jian)的(de)民(min)族(zu)模(mo)具(ju)企(qi)業(ye)以(yi)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)扶(fu)持(chi)和(he)激(ji)勵(li)。各(ge)地(di)相(xiang)關(guan)職(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)門(men)能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)運(yun)用(yong)宏(hong)觀(guan)調(tiao)控(kong)手(shou)段(duan),根(gen)據(ju)地(di)方(fang)經(jing)濟(ji)特(te)點(dian)和(he)自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)條(tiao)件(jian),把(ba)一(yi)些(xie)優(you)勢(shi)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)模(mo)具(ju)製(zhi)造(zao)資(zi)源(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)區(qu)整(zheng)合(he),從(cong)政(zheng)策(ce)上(shang)引(yin)導(dao)同(tong)業(ye)成(cheng)員(yuan)進(jin)入(ru)工(gong)業(ye)園(yuan)區(qu),形(xing)成(cheng)品(pin)牌(pai)和(he)聚(ju)集(ji)效(xiao)應(ying);同(tong)時(shi),加(jia)強(qiang)管(guan)理(li),規(gui)範(fan)經(jing)營(ying),擴(kuo)大(da)合(he)作(zuo),形(xing)成(cheng)優(you)勢(shi)互(hu)補(bu)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)。對(dui)那(na)些(xie)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)自(zi)主(zhu)創(chuang)新(xin),不(bu)斷(duan)地(di)生(sheng)產(chan)研(yan)發(fa)出(chu)替(ti)代(dai)進(jin)口(kou)模(mo)具(ju)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)資(zi)金(jin)的(de)扶(fu)持(chi)力(li)度(du);對國民經濟影響較大,並很大程度依賴進口的模具生產技術要加大政策優惠,以吸引更多的資本和人才進入行業領域。