編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並bing行xing
，允yun許xu一yi個ge平ping台tai同tong時shi運yun行xing多duo個ge操cao作zuo係xi統tong，並bing且qie應ying用yong程cheng序xu都dou可ke以yi在zai相xiang互hu獨du立li的de空kong間jian內nei運yun行xing而er互hu不bu影ying響xiang，從cong而er顯xian著zhu提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPU帶dai有you特te別bie優you化hua過guo的de指zhi令ling集ji來lai控kong製zhi虛xu擬ni過guo程cheng，通tong過guo特te殊shu的de指zhi令ling集ji
，虛xu擬ni機ji會hui很hen容rong易yi提ti高gao性xing能neng，虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke提ti供gong基ji於yu芯xin片pian的de功gong能neng，借jie助zhu兼jian容rongVMMruanjiannenggougaijinchunruanjianjiejuefangan。youyuxunihuayingjianketigongquanxindejiagou，zhichicaozuoxitongzhijiezaishangmianyunxing，congerwuxujinxingerjinzhizhuanhuan
，jianshaolexiangguandexingnengkaixiao

，jidajianhualeVMM設計

，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經jing濟ji高gao效xiao的de保bao護hu。當dang需xu要yao不bu中zhong斷duan應ying用yong程cheng序xu的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an時shi

，使shi用yong比bi通tong常chang情qing況kuang下xia常chang規gui故gu障zhang切qie換huan群qun集ji所suo需xu的de少shao的de多duo的de服fu務wu器qi
，就jiu可ke以yi實shi現xian駐zhu留liu在zai不bu同tong物wu理li硬ying件jian平ping台tai上shang的de虛xu擬ni機ji間jian的deN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji
，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi
，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao
，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng
，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian
，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng
，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu
，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據

，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此
，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、shiyong，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   如ru果guo虛xu擬ni環huan境jing中zhong有you數shu百bai台tai虛xu擬ni機ji，不bu僅jin可ke能neng增zeng加jia備bei份fen成cheng本ben，而er且qie還hai會hui大da幅fu提ti高gao複fu雜za性xing。利li用yong快kuai照zhao功gong能neng，我wo們men不bu必bi在zai每mei個ge虛xu擬ni機ji上shang都dou安an裝zhuang備bei份fen代dai理li。我wo們men可ke就jiu每mei台tai虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi創chuang建jian快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei，然ran後hou再zai將jiang這zhe些xie快kuai照zhao拷kao貝bei分fen配pei給gei專zhuan門men用yong作zuo備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi的de虛xu擬ni機ji，以yi此ci進jin行xing備bei份fen。這zhe樣yang ，唯wei一yi需xu要yao安an裝zhuang備bei份fen軟ruan件jian的de虛xu擬ni機ji就jiu是shi備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi了le。在zai處chu理li數shu百bai個ge虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi時shi
，這zhe樣yang做zuo有you助zhu於yu大da幅fu降jiang低di備bei份fen許xu可ke證zheng的de成cheng本ben
，通tong過guo快kuai照zhao功gong能neng有you效xiao提ti高gao工gong控kong機ji的de穩wen定ding性xing。