高尚全:加快推進壟斷行業改革
http://www.kadhoai.com.cn 2026-05-04 10:28:21 來源:學習時報
當(dang)前(qian),推(tui)進(jin)政(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)製(zhi)體(ti)製(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)對(dui)深(shen)化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)相(xiang)當(dang)關(guan)鍵(jian)。隨(sui)著(zhe)改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)的(de)逐(zhu)步(bu)深(shen)入(ru),政(zheng)府(fu)改(gai)革(ge)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)成(cheng)為(wei)新(xin)階(jie)段(duan)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)。中(zhong)共(gong)十(shi)六(liu)屆(jie)五(wu)中(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)關(guan)於(yu)製(zhi)定(ding)“十一五”規劃的建議中,明確提出“加快行政管理體製改革,是全麵深化改革和提高對外開放水平的關鍵”。jiakuaijianlifuhewoguoguoqingdezhengfuguanzhitizhi,jishixingzhengguanlitizhigaigedezhongyaoneirong,youshituijinlongduanxingyegaigedezhongyaobaozhang。zhexienian,longduanxingyegaigedezhihou,geixianxingzhengfuguanzhitizhideyaliyuelaiyueda。yuelaiyueduodemaodunhewentibiaoming,longduanxingyegaigeyuanyuanzhihouyuzhenggeshichanghuagaigejincheng,bingzhijieyingxiangwoguokechixufazhanquanju。
下麵,我就加快推進壟斷行業改革,談幾點看法:
一、壟斷行業改革對實現可持續發展意義重大。目前我國的經濟增長仍然是粗放式的增長。資源消耗速度、環(huan)境(jing)汙(wu)染(ran)速(su)度(du)不(bu)斷(duan)加(jia)快(kuai),使(shi)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)麵(mian)臨(lin)極(ji)為(wei)嚴(yan)峻(jun)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)。壟(long)斷(duan)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)行(xing)業(ye)利(li)益(yi)已(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)阻(zu)礙(ai)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)方(fang)式(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。行(xing)政(zheng)壟(long)斷(duan)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)製(zhi)度(du)性(xing)的(de)缺(que)乏(fa)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)體(ti)製(zhi),政(zheng)府(fu)往(wang)往(wang)運(yun)用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)行(xing)政(zheng)手(shou)段(duan)構(gou)築(zhu)進(jin)入(ru)壁(bi)壘(lei),維(wei)護(hu)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)資(zi)源(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)使(shi)用(yong)、shichangjinrudengfangmiandelongduandiwei,shenzhiyongmouxiefaguishixianqilongduanliyidehefahua。youci,yaozhuanbianjingjizengchangfangshi,bixudapoxingzhenglongduan,shixianzhengfuzhudaoxingdejingjizengchangxiangshichangzhudaoxingdejingjizengchangzhuanbian,jinyibufahuishichangzaiziyuanpeizhizhongdejichuxingzuoyong。
二、壟斷行業改革成為當前市場化改革的重點和難點。經過近30niandegaigehefazhan,muqianwoguoyichubujianlileshehuizhuyishichangjingjitizhi,shehuishengchanlidadafazhan,guojiadeshilixianzhuzengqiang,renminshenghuoshuipingpubiantigao。danbunengrenweizaishichangjingjitizhichubujianlihou,shichanghuagaigejiujieshule。dangqian,jingjibufadaheshehuizhuyizhidudebugouchengshu、不bu夠gou完wan善shan仍reng然ran是shi我wo國guo的de基ji本ben國guo情qing,仍reng然ran需xu要yao繼ji續xu掃sao除chu市shi場chang化hua改gai革ge的de障zhang礙ai,以yi形xing成cheng生sheng產chan力li持chi續xu發fa展zhan的de體ti製zhi保bao障zhang。壟long斷duan行xing業ye改gai革ge中zhong最zui突tu出chu的de問wen題ti是shi行xing政zheng壟long斷duan和he自zi然ran壟long斷duan的de結jie合he,成cheng為wei推tui進jin市shi場chang化hua改gai革ge的de桎zhi梏gu。曆li史shi地di看kan,行xing政zheng性xing壟long斷duan在zai發fa展zhan初chu期qi有you其qi必bi要yao性xing和he必bi然ran性xing,但dan在zai市shi場chang經jing濟ji體ti製zhi已yi經jing初chu步bu建jian立li的de條tiao件jian下xia,行xing政zheng性xing壟long斷duan損sun害hai了le消xiao費fei者zhe的de利li益yi,阻zu礙ai了le技ji術shu進jin步bu和he產chan業ye升sheng級ji,增zeng加jia了le開kai放fang市shi場chang與yu引yin進jin競jing爭zheng的de成cheng本ben和he難nan度du。
三、充分估計壟斷行業改革對解決公平分配的重要作用。壟斷行業改革不僅是一個經濟問題,還是一個社會問題。近幾年收入不平等加劇、民生問題凸顯,老百姓對分享改革發展成果的呼聲越來越高、越來越強烈,公共服務麵臨的壓力也越來越大。來自國家勞動與社會保障部的數據說明,現在電力、電信、水電氣供應、煙草等壟斷行業平均工資水平是其他行業平均工資的2-3倍。如果加上公共服務等社會福利,實際收入差距可能在5-10倍(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)。關(guan)鍵(jian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)在(zai)於(yu),壟(long)斷(duan)在(zai)初(chu)次(ci)分(fen)配(pei)領(ling)域(yu)造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)不(bu)平(ping)等(deng),給(gei)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)再(zai)分(fen)配(pei)和(he)社(she)會(hui)性(xing)管(guan)製(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)很(hen)大(da)壓(ya)力(li),而(er)且(qie)也(ye)難(nan)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)再(zai)分(fen)配(pei)和(he)社(she)會(hui)性(xing)管(guan)製(zhi)來(lai)得(de)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)根(gen)治(zhi)。
四、加快推進壟斷行業改革,關鍵在於政府管製體製改革相配套。在我看來,政府管製體製改革的實質是實現政府由“管製型政府”向“服務型政府”的轉變。在經濟領域,政府管製主要是為實現市場配置資源、公(gong)平(ping)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)秩(zhi)序(xu)創(chuang)造(zao)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)環(huan)境(jing)。政(zheng)府(fu)要(yao)從(cong)根(gen)本(ben)上(shang)改(gai)變(bian)計(ji)劃(hua)經(jing)濟(ji)時(shi)期(qi)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)導(dao)型(xing)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)思(si)路(lu),大(da)力(li)削(xue)減(jian)行(xing)政(zheng)權(quan)力(li)對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)過(guo)度(du)幹(gan)預(yu),讓(rang)市(shi)場(chang)成(cheng)為(wei)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)力(li)量(liang),增(zeng)強(qiang)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)內(nei)在(zai)動(dong)力(li)。同(tong)時(shi),在(zai)社(she)會(hui)領(ling)域(yu),政(zheng)府(fu)管(guan)製(zhi)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)社(she)會(hui)管(guan)理(li)和(he)公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)職(zhi)能(neng),加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)立(li)公(gong)共(gong)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)製(zhi),讓(rang)全(quan)體(ti)人(ren)民(min)共(gong)享(xiang)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)果(guo)。
今天,無論是從進一步完善市場經濟體製、實現可持續發展看,還是從社會的穩定和諧看,都對加快壟斷行業改革提出了更為現實、poqiedeyaoqiu。zaizheyangyigedabeijingxia,shenrutantaozhengfuguanzhitizhigaigedengwenti,wulunshiduiduizhongguolongduanxingyehezhengfuguanzhitizhidegaigeshijian,haishijinyibutuidongwoguoguanzhijingjixuedexuekejianshe,doufeichangyouyiyi。