http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-28 04:16:47 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi是shi現xian代dai化hua國guo家jia的de物wu質zhi技ji術shu基ji礎chu。黨dang的de十shi八ba大da以yi來lai,習xi近jin平ping總zong書shu記ji著zhe眼yan中zhong華hua民min族zu偉wei大da複fu興xing的de戰zhan略lve全quan局ju和he世shi界jie百bai年nian未wei有you之zhi大da變bian局ju,在zai深shen刻ke把ba握wo國guo內nei外wai形xing勢shi變bian化hua、總結發展經驗教訓的基礎上,在不同場合深入闡述關於現代化產業體係建設的新思想、新觀點、新(xin)要(yao)求(qiu)。這(zhe)些(xie)重(zhong)要(yao)論(lun)述(shu),是(shi)習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)經(jing)濟(ji)思(si)想(xiang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen),為(wei)推(tui)動(dong)經(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)行(xing)動(dong)指(zhi)南(nan)。現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)是(shi)適(shi)應(ying)中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi),既(ji)遵(zun)循(xun)一(yi)般(ban)意(yi)義(yi)上(shang)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)規(gui)律(lv),又(you)符(fu)合(he)中(zhong)國(guo)式(shi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)的(de)本(ben)質(zhi)要(yao)求(qiu)。我(wo)們(men)要(yao)準(zhun)確(que)理(li)解(jie)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)應(ying)具(ju)備(bei)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)特(te)性(xing),把(ba)握(wo)其(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)和(he)建(jian)設(she)重(zhong)點(dian),在(zai)科(ke)學(xue)認(ren)識(shi)的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)推(tui)動(dong)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)實(shi)踐(jian),在(zai)新(xin)征(zheng)程(cheng)上(shang)加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)。
實體經濟——
現代化產業體係建設的支撐點
實體經濟是支撐經濟增長、保bao障zhang國guo家jia安an全quan的de重zhong要yao基ji礎chu,是shi一yi國guo經jing濟ji的de立li身shen之zhi本ben,是shi財cai富fu創chuang造zao的de根gen本ben源yuan泉quan,是shi國guo家jia強qiang盛sheng的de重zhong要yao支zhi柱zhu。以yi實shi體ti經jing濟ji為wei支zhi撐cheng建jian設she現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi,是shi推tui動dong經jing濟ji高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan始shi終zhong堅jian持chi的de一yi個ge重zhong大da原yuan則ze。黨dang的de十shi九jiu屆jie五wu中zhong全quan會hui提ti出chu,“加快發展現代產業體係,推動經濟體係優化升級”,並要求“堅持把發展經濟著力點放在實體經濟上”。黨的二十大報告明確提出“中國式現代化,是中國共產黨領導的社會主義現代化”,強調要“建設現代化產業體係”,其中“堅持把發展經濟的著力點放在實體經濟上”的de核he心xin要yao求qiu沒mei有you變bian。習xi近jin平ping總zong書shu記ji在zai二er十shi屆jie中zhong央yang財cai經jing委wei員yuan會hui第di一yi次ci會hui議yi上shang進jin一yi步bu強qiang調tiao,必bi須xu把ba發fa展zhan經jing濟ji的de著zhe力li點dian放fang在zai實shi體ti經jing濟ji上shang,為wei實shi現xian第di二er個ge百bai年nian奮fen鬥dou目mu標biao提ti供gong堅jian強qiang物wu質zhi支zhi撐cheng。黨dang的de二er十shi屆jie三san中zhong全quan會hui亦yi圍wei繞rao推tui動dong實shi體ti經jing濟ji發fa展zhan作zuo出chu部bu署shu,明ming確que提ti出chu“健全促進實體經濟和數字經濟深度融合製度”。
加快建設以實體經濟為支撐的現代化產業體係,就是要堅持以實體經濟為重,著力加快建設實體經濟、科技創新、現代金融、人力資源協同發展的產業體係。一是同步加快推進新型工業化、信息化、城鎮化和農業現代化,鞏固壯大實體經濟;二是讓科技、金融、人才等回歸服務實體經濟屬性,助推實體經濟做強做優做大。這就要求科技創新必須麵向世界科技前沿、麵向經濟主戰場、麵向國家重大需求、麵向人民生命健康,現代金融必須把服務實體經濟作為根本宗旨,人才資源要為全麵建設社會主義現代化國家提供基礎性、戰略性支撐。
智能化、綠色化、融合化——
現代化產業體係建設的切入點
jingjifazhanjieduanbutong,xiandaihuachanyetixijianshederenwuheyaoqiujiuhuibutong,zhejiuxuyaoyijuxinshidaidexintezhengxinrenwuxinyaoqiu,zhaozhunjianshexiandaihuachanyetixideqierudianhefalidian。
智能化是贏得國際競爭優勢的新賽道。數字經濟是繼農業經濟、工業經濟之後的新經濟形態,其發展形成的新技術、新產業、新業態、新模式,可以實現技術的革命性突破、生sheng產chan要yao素su的de創chuang新xin性xing配pei置zhi和he產chan業ye的de深shen度du轉zhuan型xing升sheng級ji,具ju有you更geng高gao的de全quan要yao素su生sheng產chan率lv。數shu字zi經jing濟ji是shi當dang今jin世shi界jie各ge國guo努nu力li搶qiang占zhan的de發fa展zhan製zhi高gao點dian,各ge國guo紛fen紛fen製zhi定ding鼓gu勵li政zheng策ce,推tui進jin數shu字zi產chan業ye化hua和he產chan業ye數shu字zi化hua,甚shen至zhi一yi些xie西xi方fang國guo家jia為wei了le構gou建jian自zi己ji的de競jing爭zheng優you勢shi,搞gao“小院高牆”,duiwoguoshuzijishuhechanyeshengjijinxingquanmianezhi。jiliedeguojijingzhengdaobiwoguobixujiakuaifazhanshuzijingji。shuzijingjishiwoguofazhanxinzhishengchanlideguanjiansuozai,danmuqianwoguoshuzijingjifazhanhaikuaierbuyou、大da而er不bu強qiang,特te別bie是shi一yi些xie數shu字zi關guan鍵jian核he心xin技ji術shu還hai受shou製zhi於yu人ren,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu必bi須xu打da贏ying數shu字zi技ji術shu攻gong堅jian戰zhan,構gou建jian具ju有you國guo際ji競jing爭zheng力li的de數shu字zi產chan業ye,把ba發fa展zhan數shu字zi經jing濟ji的de主zhu動dong權quan牢lao牢lao掌zhang握wo在zai自zi己ji手shou裏li。
綠lv色se化hua是shi高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan的de底di色se。高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan是shi全quan麵mian建jian設she社she會hui主zhu義yi現xian代dai化hua國guo家jia的de首shou要yao任ren務wu。推tui進jin經jing濟ji高gao質zhi量liang發fa展zhan,就jiu必bi須xu貫guan徹che落luo實shi新xin發fa展zhan理li念nian,堅jian持chi綠lv水shui青qing山shan就jiu是shi金jin山shan銀yin山shan,堅jian定ding不bu移yi走zou生sheng態tai優you先xian、lvsefazhanzhilu。gaozhiliangfazhanshinenggouhenhaomanzurenminriyizengchangdemeihaoshenghuoxuyaodefazhan,suizherenminshourushuipingdetigao,xiaofeijiegoubuduanshengji,renminduishengtaihuanjingdegaishantichulegenggaoqidai,zhejiuyaoqiutuijinzhongguoshixiandaihuabixushixianrenyuziranhexiegongsheng,babaohushengtaihegaishanshengtaitishengdaobaohushengchanlihefazhanshengchanlidegaodu,zouchuyitiaoshengchanfazhan、生活富裕、shengtailianghaodewenmingfazhandaolu。gaozhiliangfazhanshixinzhishengchanlituidongdefazhan,xinzhishengchanlibenshenjiushilvseshengchanli,zhejiuxuyaojiakuailvsekejichuangxinhexianjinlvsejishutuiguangyingyong,zuoqianglvsezhizaoye,fazhanlvsefuwuye,zhuangdalvsenengyuanchanye,fazhanlvseditanchanyehegongyinglian,goujianlvseditanxunhuanjingjitixi。
融合化是數字經濟時代產業現代化的必由之路。數字經濟具有高創新性、強滲透性、廣覆蓋性,不僅是新的經濟增長點,而且是改造提升傳統產業的支點,這就需要推動數字技術賦能產業發展,加快農業、工業、fuwuyedeshuzihuazhuanxing。shuzijingjifazhandezhongdianshichanyeshuzihua,zhejiuyaoqiufahuiwoguohailiangshujuyoushiheguangkuoyingyongchangjingyoushi,tuidongshuzijishuyuqitachanyeshenduronghe,zuoqiangzuoyouzuodashuzijingji。shuzijingjiduifuwuyedeshentoulvyuanyuangaoyunongyehegongye,zhejiuxuyaozaitongbutuijinxinxinggongyehua、信息化、城鎮化和農業現代化進程中,堅持三次產業融合發展。
推進產業智能化、綠色化、融合化,是我國在新發展階段建設現代化產業體係的重大舉措,需要充分發揮社會主義市場經濟製度優勢,通過產權保護、健全市場體係和完善市場機製,促進要素自由合理流動,特別是創新資源要素的有效集聚,以科技創新引領產業創新;通過進一步完善產業政策,強化戰略性領域頂層設計,增強產業政策協同性,為現代化產業體係建設提供有效政策支持和製度保障。
完整性、先進性、安全性——
現代化產業體係建設的落腳點
推進產業智能化、綠色化、融合化,目的就是要建設具有完整性、先進性、安全性的現代化產業體係。
完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)把(ba)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)建(jian)設(she)成(cheng)為(wei)係(xi)統(tong)化(hua)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)。堅(jian)持(chi)產(chan)業(ye)優(you)化(hua)升(sheng)級(ji)係(xi)統(tong)推(tui)進(jin),既(ji)要(yao)推(tui)動(dong)傳(chuan)統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)型(xing)升(sheng)級(ji),不(bu)能(neng)將(jiang)其(qi)當(dang)成(cheng)“低端產業”jiandantuichu,youyaojianchikejichuangxin,shixiankejiziliziqiang,fazhanjuyouguojijingzhenglidezhanlvexingxinxingchanye,haiyaojiadajichuyanjiuheyingyongyanjiu,chanchuyuanchuangxing、顛覆性科技成果,前瞻布局未來產業,培育新的經濟增長點。堅持實體經濟與虛擬經濟協調發展,既要加快建設農業強國、製造強國、質量強國、航天強國、交通強國、網絡強國、數(shu)字(zi)中(zhong)國(guo),也(ye)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)金(jin)融(rong)服(fu)務(wu)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)根(gen)本(ben)宗(zong)旨(zhi),建(jian)設(she)金(jin)融(rong)強(qiang)國(guo),促(cu)進(jin)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)虛(xu)擬(ni)經(jing)濟(ji)良(liang)性(xing)互(hu)動(dong)。堅(jian)持(chi)促(cu)進(jin)一(yi)二(er)三(san)產(chan)業(ye)協(xie)調(tiao)發(fa)展(zhan),既(ji)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju)新(xin)型(xing)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)、信息化、城cheng鎮zhen化hua和he農nong業ye現xian代dai化hua同tong步bu推tui進jin的de要yao求qiu,促cu進jin產chan業ye融rong合he發fa展zhan,又you要yao依yi據ju工gong業ye是shi立li國guo之zhi本ben和he製zhi造zao業ye是shi強qiang國guo之zhi基ji的de要yao求qiu,夯hang實shi完wan備bei的de工gong業ye體ti係xi和he強qiang大da的de製zhi造zao能neng力li,保bao持chi製zhi造zao業ye占zhan比bi基ji本ben穩wen定ding。堅jian持chi推tui進jin產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian分fen工gong協xie作zuo,既ji要yao通tong過guo大da力li建jian設she世shi界jie一yi流liu企qi業ye,形xing成cheng以yi我wo為wei主zhu的de產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian,促cu進jin產chan業ye集ji群qun式shi發fa展zhan,又you要yao通tong過guo產chan業ye鏈lian供gong應ying鏈lian開kai放fang合he作zuo,充chong分fen利li用yong國guo內nei國guo際ji兩liang個ge市shi場chang兩liang種zhong資zi源yuan,推tui進jin區qu域yu經jing濟ji一yi體ti化hua。現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi完wan整zheng性xing目mu標biao的de提ti出chu,突tu破po了le從cong一yi二er三san次ci產chan業ye視shi角jiao建jian設she產chan業ye體ti係xi的de曆li史shi局ju限xian,形xing成cheng了le更geng具ju包bao容rong性xing、更有解釋力、更加多元化的現代化產業體係建設思路。
先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)建(jian)設(she)能(neng)夠(gou)促(cu)進(jin)新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)。新(xin)質(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)力(li)的(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)創(chuang)新(xin),這(zhe)就(jiu)要(yao)求(qiu)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)必(bi)須(xu)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)不(bu)斷(duan)創(chuang)新(xin)升(sheng)級(ji)優(you)化(hua)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)生(sheng)態(tai)係(xi)統(tong),即(ji)以(yi)人(ren)民(min)對(dui)美(mei)好(hao)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)為(wei)需(xu)求(qiu)導(dao)向(xiang),牽(qian)引(yin)供(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結(jie)構(gou)性(xing)改(gai)革(ge)不(bu)斷(duan)深(shen)化(hua),解(jie)決(jue)供(gong)給(gei)的(de)不(bu)平(ping)衡(heng)不(bu)充(chong)分(fen)問(wen)題(ti),以(yi)世(shi)界(jie)前(qian)沿(yan)技(ji)術(shu)為(wei)引(yin)領(ling),催(cui)生(sheng)技(ji)術(shu)、產品、產業、業態、moshidengxiliechuangxin,yongxingonggeichuangzaoxinxuqiu,shigongqiuzaigenggaoshuipingshangshixiandongtaipingheng。xinzhishengchanlideguanjianzaizhiyou,zhejiuyaoqiuxiandaihuachanyetixibixujianlizaixindejishujichushang。makesimingquezhichu,gezhongjingjishidaidequbie,buzaiyushengchanshenme,erzaiyuzenyangshengchan,yongshenmelaodongziliaoshengchan。zhejiuyiweizhe,butongjingjishidaidequbie,buzaiyuchanyedebutong,erzaiyuchanyedejishujichubutong,congershichanyejuyoubutongdejishuxingzhi。zaigongyejingjixingtaixia,jixiexingdelaodongziliaoshishengchandegugexitonghejirouxitong,duijingjixingtaidexingzhijuyoujuedingxingyiyi。zaishuzijingjixingtaixia,zhinenghuadelaodongziliaoqudaijixiexingdelaodongziliao,duijingjixingtaidexingzhifahuijuedingxingzuoyong。yinci,“質優”,在zai工gong業ye經jing濟ji時shi代dai體ti現xian為wei工gong業ye化hua,在zai數shu字zi經jing濟ji時shi代dai就jiu不bu僅jin體ti現xian為wei工gong業ye化hua,還hai體ti現xian為wei數shu字zi化hua。新xin質zhi生sheng產chan力li的de本ben質zhi是shi先xian進jin生sheng產chan力li,這zhe就jiu要yao求qiu現xian代dai化hua產chan業ye體ti係xi必bi須xu能neng夠gou創chuang造zao出chu先xian進jin生sheng產chan力li。馬ma克ke思si在zai談tan到dao工gong業ye革ge命ming時shi指zhi出chu:“機ji器qi的de采cai用yong,化hua學xue在zai工gong業ye和he農nong業ye中zhong的de應ying用yong,輪lun船chuan的de行xing駛shi,鐵tie路lu的de通tong行xing,電dian報bao的de使shi用yong,整zheng個ge整zheng個ge大da陸lu的de開kai墾ken,河he川chuan的de通tong航hang,仿fang佛fo用yong法fa術shu從cong地di下xia呼hu喚huan出chu來lai的de大da量liang人ren口kou——過去哪一個世紀料想到在社會勞動裏蘊藏有這樣的生產力呢?”這就使“資產階級在它的不到一百年的階級統治中所創造的生產力,比過去一切世代創造的全部生產力還要多,還要大”。在今天的數字經濟時代,數字技術、數(shu)字(zi)產(chan)業(ye)是(shi)新(xin)一(yi)輪(lun)國(guo)際(ji)競(jing)爭(zheng)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)領(ling)域(yu),必(bi)須(xu)搶(qiang)占(zhan)數(shu)字(zi)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)製(zhi)高(gao)點(dian)。產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)曆(li)史(shi)範(fan)疇(chou),在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)時(shi)代(dai)具(ju)有(you)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)內(nei)涵(han),但(dan)它(ta)的(de)共(gong)同(tong)點(dian)是(shi),就(jiu)不(bu)同(tong)經(jing)濟(ji)時(shi)代(dai)而(er)言(yan),它(ta)能(neng)夠(gou)創(chuang)造(zao)出(chu)比(bi)以(yi)往(wang)任(ren)何(he)時(shi)代(dai)都(dou)要(yao)高(gao)得(de)多(duo)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv);就同一時代的不同國家而言,它能夠創造出比其他國家都要快的經濟增長。
安全性就是要打造自主可控、安全可靠、競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)強(qiang)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)。自(zi)主(zhu)可(ke)控(kong)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)指(zhi)關(guan)鍵(jian)核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)數(shu)字(zi)技(ji)術(shu)必(bi)須(xu)牢(lao)牢(lao)掌(zhang)握(wo)在(zai)自(zi)己(ji)手(shou)裏(li),為(wei)建(jian)設(she)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)提(ti)供(gong)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)保(bao)障(zhang)。核(he)心(xin)技(ji)術(shu)受(shou)製(zhi)於(yu)人(ren)是(shi)我(wo)們(men)最(zui)大(da)的(de)隱(yin)患(huan)。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)指(zhi)出(chu),一(yi)個(ge)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)企(qi)業(ye)即(ji)便(bian)規(gui)模(mo)再(zai)大(da)、市值再高,如果核心元器件嚴重依賴外國,供應鏈的“命門”zhangwozaibierenshouli,najiuhaobizaibierendeqiangjishangqifangzi,zaidazaipiaoliangyekenengjingbuqifengyu,shenzhihuibukanyiji。anquankekaoshizhitongguoxiandaihuachanyetixijianshe,keyiyouxiaofangfanhuajiezhongdajingjifengxian,shixianliangshianquan、能源安全、金融安全、產業鏈供應鏈安全,為經濟高質量發展創造安全穩定的環境。競爭力強是指現代化產業體係必須在激烈的國際競爭中具有技術優勢、產業鏈供應鏈優勢和市場競爭綜合優勢,這就要求實現技術創新從跟跑到並跑再到領跑的躍升,打造世界一流領軍企業,培育專精特新“小巨人”企業,實現產業鏈供應鏈向高端攀升,加強對整個產業鏈供應鏈的控製力和影響力。
在建設現代化產業體係中,完整性、先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)和(he)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)相(xiang)輔(fu)相(xiang)成(cheng),缺(que)一(yi)不(bu)可(ke)。完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)和(he)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)是(shi)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)和(he)基(ji)礎(chu),安(an)全(quan)性(xing)則(ze)是(shi)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)和(he)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)保(bao)障(zhang)。完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)為(wei)先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)場(chang)景(jing)優(you)勢(shi),通(tong)過(guo)可(ke)觀(guan)的(de)利(li)潤(run)回(hui)報(bao)和(he)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)分(fen)攤(tan)激(ji)勵(li)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin),先(xian)進(jin)性(xing)提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li),彰(zhang)顯(xian)了(le)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)的(de)綜(zong)合(he)優(you)勢(shi)。建(jian)設(she)以(yi)實(shi)體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)為(wei)支(zhi)撐(cheng)的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi),要(yao)將(jiang)完(wan)整(zheng)性(xing)、先進性、安全性統一起來,瞄準智能化、綠色化、ronghehuafangxiangxietongtuijin,buduanwanshanchanyetixi,zheligoujianyipixindezengchangyinqing,tishengchanyeliangongyinglianrenxingheanquanshuiping,weizaiweilaifazhanheguojijingzhengzhongyingdezhanlvezhudongtigongzhicheng。