在(zai)國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)蔓(man)延(yan)
，世(shi)界(jie)經(jing)濟(ji)形(xing)勢(shi)複(fu)雜(za)多(duo)變(bian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)

，各(ge)國(guo)正(zheng)致(zhi)力(li)於(yu)通(tong)過(guo)調(tiao)整(zheng)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)，應(ying)對(dui)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)，恢(hui)複(fu)經(jing)濟(ji)增(zeng)長(chang)的(de)動(dong)力(li)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)
，中(zhong)國(guo)也(ye)正(zheng)通(tong)過(guo)積(ji)極(ji)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)優(you)化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)與(yu)布(bu)局(ju)，擺(bai)脫(tuo)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)束(shu)縛(fu)
，保(bao)持(chi)經(jing)濟(ji)持(chi)續(xu)、健康和快速發展。2009nianzhongyangjingjigongzuohuiyitebiezhichuyaocongzhiduanpairushou，yinshilidaoyindaoguojichanyeyouxudixiangbenguozhuanyi，yishirangwomenchongfenliyongjinrongweijiyinzhidequanqiuchanyejiegoutiaozhengheguojifengongzhongzudelishiqiji，xiyinkejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexiandaixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyi
，tuidongwoguochanyejiegoudeyouhuayushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidelishijiyu

　　國(guo)際(ji)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)爆(bao)發(fa)導(dao)致(zhi)了(le)全(quan)球(qiu)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)衰(shuai)退(tui)，促(cu)使(shi)世(shi)界(jie)各(ge)國(guo)設(she)計(ji)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)製(zhi)度(du)安(an)排(pai)調(tiao)整(zheng)產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)，以(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)應(ying)對(dui)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)手(shou)段(duan)，這(zhe)使(shi)得(de)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)有(you)可(ke)能(neng)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)引(yin)導(dao)和(he)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)際(ji)產(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)移(yi)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)一(yi)次(ci)難(nan)得(de)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)。

　　一方麵
，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展，資本

、技(ji)術(shu)和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)等(deng)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)全(quan)球(qiu)流(liu)動(dong)與(yu)組(zu)合(he)配(pei)置(zhi)
，催(cui)促(cu)著(zhe)一(yi)國(guo)或(huo)地(di)區(qu)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)向(xiang)具(ju)有(you)比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)地(di)區(qu)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，但(dan)是(shi)，由(you)於(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)比(bi)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)科(ke)技(ji)力(li)量(liang)，使(shi)得(de)它(ta)們(men)在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)分(fen)工(gong)體(ti)係(xi)和(he)利(li)益(yi)分(fen)配(pei)格(ge)局(ju)中(zhong)占(zhan)據(ju)主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)。他(ta)們(men)將(jiang)資(zi)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)汙(wu)染(ran)水(shui)平(ping)高(gao)
、技ji術shu含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi低di的de產chan業ye向xiang發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia和he不bu發fa達da國guo家jia轉zhuan移yi，以yi騰teng出chu地di域yu空kong間jian發fa展zhan科ke技ji含han量liang和he產chan品pin附fu加jia值zhi高gao的de先xian進jin產chan業ye和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie，以yi維wei持chi自zi身shen在zai產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de優you勢shi地di位wei。然ran而er

，由you於yu處chu於yu產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he先xian進jin產chan業ye多duo是shi資zi本ben與yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye，國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji的de爆bao發fa使shi得de金jin融rong資zi本ben斷duan裂lie，導dao致zhi非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye缺que乏fa金jin融rong資zi本ben的de支zhi撐cheng，因yin而er
，金jin融rong危wei機ji強qiang烈lie地di衝chong擊ji了le發fa達da國guo家jia內nei部bu不bu合he理li的de剛gang性xing產chan業ye結jie構gou，必bi然ran促cu使shi它ta們men重zhong新xin協xie調tiao非fei物wu質zhi生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye與yu實shi物wu生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he產chan業ye的de相xiang對dui比bi重zhong
，將jiang一yi部bu分fen處chu於yu產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie和he資zi本ben與yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye向xiang海hai外wai轉zhuan移yi，由you此ci可ke能neng形xing成cheng國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de新xin浪lang潮chao。

　　lingyifangmian，jinrongweijiweizhongguoyindaoguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaolezhuguandelishijiyu。gaigekaifangsanshiduoniandelishijingyanbiaoming，zhongguochenggongdezhiduzhuanxingyouxiaodicujinlejingjijiegoudeyouhuahejingjizengchangfangshidezhuanbian
，chanshengle“經濟增長奇跡”，jidadisuoxiaoleyufadaguojiadejingjifazhanchaju。jishiguojijinrongweijixijuanquanqiu
，zhishishijiegeguojingjixiahua，zhongguosuiranyewuyiliwaidibunengxingmian，raner，zhengdangshijiegeguozhiliyuxunzhaojinrongweijideyingduizhiceshi，zhongguopingjieduiwaikaifangsanshiduoniansuojileidewuzhijichuhejishiyouxiaodezhiduanpai，lvxianzouchulejinrongweijideyinmai，shidefadaguojiadekuaguogongsizaimianlinbentushengchanyujingyinghuanjingehuashi
，zhongxinshenshizhongguodeshengchanchengbenhejiaoyichengbenyoushisuodailaideshengchanhejingyinghuanjingdegaishan。cishi，zhongguoyoukenengyikaozhiduzhuanxingsuoleijidejingyan，jinyibutiaozhengzhengcehechuangxinzhidu，chuangzaochanyeshengjidexinhuanjing，zhudongyindaohechengjieguojixianjinchanyezhuanyi，bingzaibenguopeiyuwanzhengdechanyejiazhilian，youhuachanyedekongjianbuju
，tuidongchanyejiegoushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidezhiduchuangxin

　　中zhong國guo作zuo為wei正zheng處chu於yu工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng中zhong的de世shi界jie上shang最zui大da的de發fa展zhan中zhong國guo家jia
，要yao巧qiao借jie金jin融rong危wei機ji的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu，加jia快kuai現xian代dai工gong業ye化hua進jin程cheng，實shi現xian大da國guo的de經jing濟ji趕gan超chao
，必bi然ran需xu要yao通tong過guo製zhi度du創chuang新xin引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian高gao端duan的de生sheng產chan環huan節jie向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi來lai實shi現xian。為wei此ci，我wo們men有you針zhen對dui性xing地di提ti出chu引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi的de政zheng策ce調tiao整zheng和he製zhi度du創chuang新xin：

　　第di一yi，提ti高gao投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de差cha異yi化hua程cheng度du

，破po除chu無wu形xing的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce壁bi壘lei。為wei了le承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi
，對dui不bu同tong地di區qu承cheng接jie不bu同tong產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce應ying盡jin可ke能neng差cha別bie對dui待dai，並bing增zeng強qiang投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de透tou明ming度du
，消xiao除chu政zheng策ce性xing歧qi視shi。一yi方fang麵mian，由you於yu中zhong國guo各ge地di區qu資zi源yuan稟bing賦fu、技(ji)術(shu)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)存(cun)在(zai)差(cha)異(yi)，國(guo)家(jia)在(zai)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)時(shi)
，應(ying)考(kao)慮(lv)給(gei)予(yu)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)性(xing)
，采(cai)取(qu)國(guo)家(jia)製(zhi)定(ding)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)指(zhi)導(dao)原(yuan)則(ze)
，各(ge)地(di)區(qu)依(yi)據(ju)此(ci)原(yuan)則(ze)結(jie)合(he)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)，差(cha)異(yi)化(hua)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)鼓(gu)勵(li)、xianzhihejinzhiwaishangtouzichanyedezhengce。lingyifangmian，difangzhengfuzhuguanbumenyingjiakuaiqingliyujiangditouzibileihetouzizhengcetoumingduyuanzebuxiangshiyingdezhengceguizhang，bingzhubufeichuyixieyucujintouziziyouhuadeguojiguizexiangchongtudefalvfagui，qiejinyibuwanshancujinbutongdiqugeleichanyetouzixiangshiyingdeziyouhuaguize
，tongshi，haiyingjiaqiangtouziziyouhuazhengcededuiwaixuanchuan，jishiduiwaigongbuguli、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息

，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　dier


，tiaozhengshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi，zengqiangshuishouzhengcedexiangduiyouxiaoxing。shuishouzhengcefanyinglezhengfuduiqiyeyugerenshouyidezhengshuishuiping，yinci，shuishouzhengceyizhishizuoweishijiegeguoyindaochanyezibenliuxiangdezhongyaoshouduan。weiletigaoguojixianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjiedezhuanyixiaolv
，yingyijudiqutezhenghechanyedetexing

，caiquduoyanghuadeshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。yifangmian，yingshishidiyijudiquhechanyezhengcedexuyao，xietiaocaiyonggezhongshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。youyujianjieshuishouyouhuifangshinengduitouzizhouqichang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠，因此
，應逐步采取以加速折舊、虧kui損sun彌mi補bu等deng間jian接jie稅shui收shou優you惠hui方fang式shi為wei主zhu，促cu進jin資zi本ben和he技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing產chan業ye投tou資zi。另ling一yi方fang麵mian，政zheng府fu應ying依yi據ju地di域yu特te征zheng和he產chan業ye特te性xing製zhi定ding細xi化hua的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce
，並bing在zai地di區qu之zhi間jian
、行xing業ye之zhi間jian和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie之zhi間jian體ti現xian稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。對dui於yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie，可ke賦fu予yu相xiang對dui於yu其qi他ta產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui，同tong時shi，為wei了le鼓gu勵li落luo後hou地di區qu吸xi引yin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi
，可ke適shi當dang獲huo得de相xiang對dui於yu經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu而er言yan更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce，以yi提ti高gao稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce在zai經jing濟ji落luo後hou地di區qu的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。

　　第三
，創新商業交易製度

，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、變(bian)更(geng)與(yu)退(tui)出(chu)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)授(shou)權(quan)與(yu)彙(hui)報(bao)程(cheng)序(xu)。首(shou)先(xian)
，可(ke)以(yi)嚐(chang)試(shi)由(you)中(zhong)央(yang)部(bu)委(wei)出(chu)台(tai)各(ge)地(di)區(qu)審(shen)批(pi)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)
，並(bing)在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)級(ji)別(bie)的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)劃(hua)單(dan)位(wei)設(she)立(li)審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)且(qie)給(gei)予(yu)他(ta)們(men)與(yu)地(di)區(qu)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)模(mo)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)權(quan)限(xian)，且(qie)以(yi)法(fa)律(lv)形(xing)式(shi)加(jia)以(yi)固(gu)定(ding)。在(zai)國(guo)家(jia)對(dui)外(wai)商(shang)設(she)立(li)企(qi)業(ye)規(gui)定(ding)審(shen)批(pi)原(yuan)則(ze)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，為(wei)了(le)鼓(gu)勵(li)直(zhi)轄(xia)市(shi)和(he)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)達(da)地(di)區(qu)承(cheng)接(jie)國(guo)外(wai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)轉(zhuan)移(yi)

，中(zhong)央(yang)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)給(gei)予(yu)地(di)區(qu)政(zheng)府(fu)對(dui)於(yu)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)權(quan)限(xian)。其(qi)次(ci)，盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)簡(jian)化(hua)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)申(shen)請(qing)設(she)立(li)現(xian)代(dai)先(xian)進(jin)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)手(shou)續(xu)

，增(zeng)強(qiang)審(shen)批(pi)的(de)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)審(shen)批(pi)效(xiao)率(lv)。審(shen)批(pi)機(ji)關(guan)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)簡(jian)化(hua)外(wai)資(zi)的(de)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)手(shou)續(xu)，實(shi)行(xing)“一站式”服務，且在經營期內，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押、轉讓，以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅shui務wu等deng各ge部bu門men對dui外wai資zi企qi業ye實shi行xing聯lian合he年nian檢jian時shi
，應ying提ti高gao行xing政zheng機ji關guan審shen批pi和he辦ban理li的de效xiao率lv和he透tou明ming度du，盡jin可ke能neng地di簡jian化hua辦ban理li手shou續xu，減jian少shao企qi業ye支zhi付fu行xing政zheng審shen批pi和he年nian檢jian的de成cheng本ben。再zai次ci，改gai變bian以yi往wang外wai商shang投tou資zi企qi業ye因yin經jing營ying期qi限xian滿man而er終zhong止zhi經jing營ying的de“一刀切”辦ban法fa，對dui於yu外wai商shang在zai本ben國guo投tou資zi現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye，采cai用yong類lei似si於yu內nei資zi企qi業ye的de終zhong止zhi經jing營ying的de辦ban法fa，可ke先xian由you企qi業ye聘pin用yong清qing算suan機ji構gou出chu具ju具ju有you法fa律lv效xiao應ying的de清qing算suan報bao告gao，再zai報bao審shen批pi機ji關guan審shen核he，實shi現xian內nei外wai資zi企qi業ye在zai審shen批pi手shou續xu上shang等deng同tong對dui待dai。

　　第di四si，健jian全quan產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du

，降jiang低di企qi業ye生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying中zhong的de不bu確que定ding性xing。為wei了le有you效xiao引yin導dao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye有you序xu向xiang本ben國guo轉zhuan移yi，我wo們men既ji要yao加jia大da知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin力li度du，又you要yao努nu力li提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de保bao護hu水shui平ping。對dui於yu知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu製zhi度du的de創chuang新xin
，一yi方fang麵mian，應ying努nu力li完wan善shan知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa律lv，逐zhu步bu覆fu蓋gai當dang前qian法fa律lv條tiao文wen所suo不bu能neng含han蓋gai的de盲mang區qu
，並bing依yi據ju行xing業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie對dui知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de敏min感gan程cheng度du不bu同tong
，適shi時shi地di製zhi定ding相xiang關guan的de知zhi識shi產chan權quan保bao護hu法fa規gui;另ling一yi方fang麵mian，應ying增zeng強qiang知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de執zhi法fa力li度du，加jia大da對dui侵qin犯fan知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de懲cheng罰fa力li度du，提ti高gao知zhi識shi產chan權quan侵qin權quan的de成cheng本ben。對dui於yu人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan保bao護hu，首shou先xian應ying適shi時shi地di修xiu訂ding與yu完wan善shan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律

，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則

，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調
；其(qi)次(ci)
，通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)大(da)相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)的(de)執(zhi)行(xing)力(li)度(du)和(he)拓(tuo)寬(kuan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)麵(mian)，確(que)保(bao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)交(jiao)易(yi)雙(shuang)方(fang)在(zai)平(ping)等(deng)互(hu)利(li)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)，完(wan)善(shan)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)程(cheng)序(xu)
，減(jian)少(shao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing);再zai次ci，大da力li發fa展zhan人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang和he建jian立li人ren力li資zi本ben市shi場chang交jiao易yi製zhi度du

，擴kuo大da資zi本ben信xin息xi交jiao流liu渠qu道dao，提ti高gao人ren力li資zi本ben信xin息xi共gong享xiang水shui平ping，降jiang低di企qi業ye獲huo取qu人ren力li資zi本ben的de信xin息xi成cheng本ben，發fa揮hui反fan映ying人ren力li資zi本ben價jia值zhi的de市shi場chang機ji製zhi
，保bao障zhang人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan，防fang止zhi人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan交jiao易yi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學、湖南大學）