http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-28 03:27:13 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
當今世界,氣候變化問題已成為全人類共同麵對的挑戰。最近30多年,從斯德哥爾摩到裏約熱內盧,從京都到巴厘島,再到哥本哈根,國際社會召開了一係列重要會議,在保護全球環境、應ying對dui氣qi候hou變bian化hua問wen題ti上shang達da成cheng了le廣guang泛fan共gong識shi,采cai取qu了le一yi係xi列lie有you效xiao行xing動dong。但dan是shi也ye要yao注zhu意yi到dao,去qu年nian的de哥ge本ben哈ha根gen會hui議yi沒mei有you完wan成cheng巴ba厘li路lu線xian圖tu的de談tan判pan,各ge方fang麵mian對dui一yi些xie重zhong大da問wen題ti的de認ren識shi仍reng難nan以yi取qu得de一yi致zhi,相xiang互hu之zhi間jian存cun在zai誤wu解jie,甚shen至zhi影ying響xiang到dao彼bi此ci的de信xin任ren。今jin年nian年nian底di將jiang在zai墨mo西xi哥ge坎kan昆kun召zhao開kai會hui議yi,各ge國guo能neng否fou就jiu一yi些xie關guan鍵jian問wen題ti達da成cheng共gong識shi,還hai存cun在zai不bu確que定ding性xing。
lishidejingyangaosuwomen,huajieguojijiandefenqilibukaiyouxiaodegoutonghejiaoliu,zaiguojiqihouhezuowentishangyebuliwai。chuleguanfangzhengfujiantanpanzhiwai,haikeyipusheyitiaominjiangoutongqudao。dangqian,tuidong《公約》和《議定書》全麵、有效和持續實施,達成具有法律約束力的國際氣候協議,是國際社會的共同願望。在這方麵,有很多問題需要研究,加強交流和討論。
第一,促進技術開發和轉讓。近年來,新能源、kezaishengnengyuanjishuqudehendajinzhan,yingduiqihoubianhuadeguanjianjishuyunyuzhexindetupo。zhexiejishudetuiguangshiyong,bijiangweijianhuanheshiyingqihoubianhuadiandingjianshijichu,weijianliditanjingjiheditanshehuitigongyoulizhicheng。yihandeshi,zaiquanqiugongxiangyingduiqihoubianhuajishufangmian,qijinweizhimeiyouqudeshizhixingjinzhan。guojishehuiyoubiyaozaixiangguanjishukaifayuzhuanrangfangmianjiaqianghezuo,jiakuaijigoushezhi、zijinanpaihezhidubaozhangdenghexinwentidecuoshang。fadaguojiazhengfuyingtongguozhengcejilihezijinzhichi,gulibenguoqiyeyiyouhuihejianrangfangshixiangfazhanzhongguojiazhuanrangjishu。zaibaohuzhishichanquandetongshi,shixianjishukaifazhe、持有者、使用者的共贏。通過政府參與、市場運作,使廣大發展中國家用得上、用得起先進的氣候友好技術,從而提高全球應對氣候變化能力。
第二,創新資金運行機製。資金問題一直困擾著國際氣候談判。《哥本哈根協議》中(zhong)提(ti)出(chu),發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)提(ti)供(gong)資(zi)金(jin),用(yong)於(yu)減(jian)緩(huan)和(he)適(shi)應(ying)行(xing)動(dong)。這(zhe)是(shi)向(xiang)前(qian)邁(mai)進(jin)的(de)一(yi)步(bu),積(ji)極(ji)而(er)富(fu)有(you)建(jian)設(she)性(xing),值(zhi)得(de)讚(zan)賞(shang)。然(ran)而(er),具(ju)體(ti)到(dao)這(zhe)些(xie)資(zi)金(jin)如(ru)何(he)籌(chou)措(cuo)、如何使用、如何建立相應的管理機製等重要問題仍懸而未決,需要進行認真的研究和思考。我們期待發達國家切實履行《公約》義務,加大籌資力度,提供新的、額外的、充足的和可預見的資金。同時建立相應機製,保障這些資金的公平合理使用。在資金管理上,體現公平性、透明性和有效性原則,確保資金獲取且管理成本較低。
除chu此ci之zhi外wai,我wo們men應ying繼ji續xu探tan索suo市shi場chang融rong資zi的de辦ban法fa,研yan究jiu如ru何he充chong分fen發fa揮hui碳tan市shi場chang的de作zuo用yong,將jiang私si營ying部bu門men和he碳tan市shi場chang資zi金jin作zuo為wei發fa達da國guo家jia締di約yue方fang資zi金jin的de有you益yi補bu充chong。《京都議定書》下的三個靈活機製,在第一承諾期發揮了重要作用。尤其是清潔發展機製(CDM),已經被證明是迄今為止發達國家和發展中國家間最為成功的雙贏減排合作機製。國際社會應當繼續發揮包括CDM在內的互利共贏的市場機製的作用,以調動發達國家和發展中國家雙方的積極性。
disan,jiaqiangshiyingyujianhuannenglijianshe。shiyinghejianhuanshiyingduiqihoubianhuatiaozhandelianggefangmian,yingdangtongdengduidai,pinghengchuli。danshimuqianguojishehuiduishiyingqihoubianhuawentizhongshibugou。guangdafazhanzhongguojialishipaifangjiaoshao,shiyingqihoubianhuanenglijiaoruo,youtamenchengshouqihoubianhuadeyanzhongbulihouguo,xianranyoushigongyun。guojishehuiyingdangzhongshifazhanzhongguojiadekunnanchujing,qingtingtamendeshengyin,zunzhongtamendesuqiu,bayingduiqihoubianhuahecujinfazhanzhongguojiafazhan、提高其內在發展動力和可持續發展能力緊密結合起來。發達國家應當在幫助發展中國家提高適應氣候變化能力、降低氣候變化危害方麵發揮更大作用。發展中國家要在發達國家的支持下,加強對各類極端天氣與氣候事件的監測、預警、預報和科學防範,加快完善溫室氣體排放的統計和考核體係,提高應對氣候變化的綜合能力。
disi,kuodashehuicanyu。zaiyingduiqihoubianhuawentishang,womenjiaoduodikandaozhengfujianguojizuzhidecuoshanghetanpan,danjinjinfahuizhengfuzuoyongshiyuanyuanbugoude。baohuqihoujiushibaohurenleidegongtongliyi,zhexianggongzuolibukaiqiye、gongzhonghegeleishehuizuzhideguangfancanyuhegongtongxingdong。qiyezuoweiwenshiqitipaifangdezhuti,yingdangshouxianchengdanxiangyingdezeren,zhuanbianchuantongdeshengchanheshejilinian,jijicaiyonglvseshengchanfangshi,kaifalvsejishu,tuiguanglvsechanpin,cujinnengyuanjieyuehekongzhiwenshiqitipaifang。guangdagongzhongjichengshouzheqihoubianhuadefumianyingxiang,youshizaochengqihoubianhuadezhongyaoyuanyin。gaibiangongzhongchangqixingchengdegongzuohexiaofeixiguan,bijiaoyouxiaodezuofashixiyintamencanyulvsefazhanheyingduiqihoubianhuadexingdong,tongguoxuanchuanjiaoyu,jianlilvseshengchan、綠色消費的理念,並鼓勵他們自覺地將這些理念運用到生產生活當中去。各類民間組織、教育機構、公共媒體也應當發揮自身優勢和影響力,在參與政策製定、影響企業行為、教育廣大公眾等方麵發揮更大的作用。
diwu,tuijinlvsejingjifusuyukechixufazhan。shijiejingjizhouqixingbodongdeguilvgaosuwomen,guojijinrongweijizonghuiguoqu,fusuhefanrongzhongjiangdaolai。erqihoubianhuashibiguojijinrongweijigengweichijiudequanqiuxingwenti,qiyingduidenandugengshenyuguojijinrongweiji。dangran,guojijinrongweijidailaidebingbuquanshizainan,yeyoujiyu。geguokeyizhuazhuhouweijishidaijingjifusudeqiji,tongguozhuanbianjingjifazhanmoshi、發展綠色產業來促進全球經濟恢複,進而實現可持續發展。
我們建議各國政府,通過製定有利於綠色產業發展的政策措施,建立綠色產業發展基金,加大對低碳、節能、xunhuanjingjidetouru。wanshanfalvfagui,dajiheyangezhachugezhongpohuaihuanjingdexingwei。womenyehuxuguojishehui,jiejiancicihuanjieguojijinrongweijizhongguojihezuodechenggongjingyan,zaifazhanlvsejingjiheyingduiqihoubianhuazhongduogaohezuo、少設障礙,用對話代替對抗,避免設置如碳關稅之類的氣候壁壘,走發達國家和發展中國家互利雙贏的道路。
哥本哈根會議維護了“共同但有區別的責任”原則,把全球氣候變化談判向前推進了一步。能否使《哥本哈根協議》dachengdezhengzhigongshi,chengweijinnianmoxigekankunqihoudahuijuyoufalvyueshulidewenjian,jiangshiguojishehuiduiqihouhezuojinchengdezhongyaoqidai。qihoubianhuawentiyingxiangshenyuan,geguodeqingkuangqianchawanbie。woxiangxin,zhiyaodajiabenzhexianghuzunzhong、求同存異的精神,加強溝通、增zeng信xin釋shi疑yi,就jiu一yi定ding能neng達da成cheng更geng多duo的de共gong識shi,為wei下xia一yi步bu國guo際ji氣qi候hou談tan判pan的de順shun利li進jin行xing創chuang造zao條tiao件jian,為wei推tui動dong全quan球qiu綠lv色se發fa展zhan和he國guo際ji氣qi候hou合he作zuo作zuo出chu積ji極ji貢gong獻xian。
來源:經濟日報
(中國國際經濟交流中心理事長 曾培炎,這是在“綠色經濟與應對氣候變化國際合作會議”上的講話摘要)