編者語：虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing
，提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。本ben文wen介jie紹shao工gong控kong主zhu機ji虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu的de特te點dian
，詳xiang細xi介jie紹shao了le如ru何he將jiang虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu應ying用yong於yu工gong控kong機ji。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan
，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並(bing)行(xing)，允(yun)許(xu)一(yi)個(ge)平(ping)台(tai)同(tong)時(shi)運(yun)行(xing)多(duo)個(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)，並(bing)且(qie)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)相(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)立(li)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)運(yun)行(xing)而(er)互(hu)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)
，從(cong)而(er)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPUdaiyoutebieyouhuaguodezhilingjilaikongzhixuniguocheng，tongguoteshudezhilingji
，xunijihuihenrongyitigaoxingneng，xunihuajishuketigongjiyuxinpiandegongneng
，jiezhujianrongVMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計
，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing
，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong
，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、經(jing)濟(ji)高(gao)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)。當(dang)需(xu)要(yao)不(bu)中(zhong)斷(duan)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)的(de)連(lian)續(xu)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案(an)時(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)比(bi)通(tong)常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)常(chang)規(gui)故(gu)障(zhang)切(qie)換(huan)群(qun)集(ji)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)少(shao)的(de)多(duo)的(de)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)駐(zhu)留(liu)在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)物(wu)理(li)硬(ying)件(jian)平(ping)台(tai)上(shang)的(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)間(jian)的(de)N＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng
，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   tiaozhatongjifaxian，baifenzhibashiyishanggongkongjishigudoushiyouyucaozuoxitongbuwendingzaocheng，yingxiangxitongwendingdeyinsuyouhenduobaokuodianciganraodengjianjieyinsu
，ruhebaozhengzhujixitongdewendingkekaochengweifangfandezhongdian
，chongfenliyongxunihuajishukeyiyouxiaodebaozhengcaozuoxitongdewending
，gongkongjidangzhongbushudeshiluojinshujiagoudeqiyebanxunihuajiagou
，zhishangzaibushucaozuoxitonghekongzhiyingyongchengxu
，tongguofanyiduijiequebaodicengyingyongdewendingxing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong

，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、使shi用yong
，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo
，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong
，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei

，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang ，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。