http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-05-05 07:00:29 來源:中國自動化學會專家谘詢工作委員會
zaiguojijinrongweijimanyan,shijiejingjixingshifuzaduobiandehuanjingxia,geguozhengzhiliyutongguotiaozhengchanyejiegou,yingduijinrongweijidetiaozhan,huifujingjizengchangdedongli。yucitongshi,zhongguoyezhengtongguojijidezhiduchuangxinyouhuachanyejiegouyubuju,baituojinrongweijideshufu,baochijingjichixu、健康和快速發展。2009nianzhongyangjingjigongzuohuiyitebiezhichuyaocongzhiduanpairushou,yinshilidaoyindaoguojichanyeyouxudixiangbenguozhuanyi,yishirangwomenchongfenliyongjinrongweijiyinzhidequanqiuchanyejiegoutiaozhengheguojifengongzhongzudelishiqiji,xiyinkejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexiandaixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyi,tuidongwoguochanyejiegoudeyouhuayushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidelishijiyu
guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui,cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou,yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan,zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。
一方麵,金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看,雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展,資本、技(ji)術(shu)和(he)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)等(deng)生(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)素(su)在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)全(quan)球(qiu)流(liu)動(dong)與(yu)組(zu)合(he)配(pei)置(zhi),催(cui)促(cu)著(zhe)一(yi)國(guo)或(huo)地(di)區(qu)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)產(chan)業(ye)向(xiang)具(ju)有(you)比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)勢(shi)的(de)地(di)區(qu)轉(zhuan)移(yi),但(dan)是(shi),由(you)於(yu)發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家(jia)比(bi)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)表(biao)現(xian)出(chu)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平(ping)和(he)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)科(ke)技(ji)力(li)量(liang),使(shi)得(de)它(ta)們(men)在(zai)世(shi)界(jie)分(fen)工(gong)體(ti)係(xi)和(he)利(li)益(yi)分(fen)配(pei)格(ge)局(ju)中(zhong)占(zhan)據(ju)主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)。他(ta)們(men)將(jiang)資(zi)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)和(he)環(huan)境(jing)汙(wu)染(ran)水(shui)平(ping)高(gao)、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi,yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie,yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner,youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye,guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie,daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng,yiner,jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou,birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong,jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi,youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。
另ling一yi方fang麵mian,金jin融rong危wei機ji為wei中zhong國guo引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi創chuang造zao了le主zhu觀guan的de曆li史shi機ji遇yu。改gai革ge開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian的de曆li史shi經jing驗yan表biao明ming,中zhong國guo成cheng功gong的de製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing有you效xiao地di促cu進jin了le經jing濟ji結jie構gou的de優you化hua和he經jing濟ji增zeng長chang方fang式shi的de轉zhuan變bian,產chan生sheng了le“經濟增長奇跡”,jidadisuoxiaoleyufadaguojiadejingjifazhanchaju。jishiguojijinrongweijixijuanquanqiu,zhishishijiegeguojingjixiahua,zhongguosuiranyewuyiliwaidibunengxingmian,raner,zhengdangshijiegeguozhiliyuxunzhaojinrongweijideyingduizhiceshi,zhongguopingjieduiwaikaifangsanshiduoniansuojileidewuzhijichuhejishiyouxiaodezhiduanpai,lvxianzouchulejinrongweijideyinmai,shidefadaguojiadekuaguogongsizaimianlinbentushengchanyujingyinghuanjingehuashi,zhongxinshenshizhongguodeshengchanchengbenhejiaoyichengbenyoushisuodailaideshengchanhejingyinghuanjingdegaishan。cishi,zhongguoyoukenengyikaozhiduzhuanxingsuoleijidejingyan,jinyibutiaozhengzhengcehechuangxinzhidu,chuangzaochanyeshengjidexinhuanjing,zhudongyindaohechengjieguojixianjinchanyezhuanyi,bingzaibenguopeiyuwanzhengdechanyejiazhilian,youhuachanyedekongjianbuju,tuidongchanyejiegoushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidezhiduchuangxin
中(zhong)國(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)正(zheng)處(chu)於(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia),要(yao)巧(qiao)借(jie)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu),加(jia)快(kuai)現(xian)代(dai)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng),實(shi)現(xian)大(da)國(guo)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)趕(gan)超(chao),必(bi)然(ran)需(xu)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)高(gao)端(duan)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)。為(wei)此(ci),我(wo)們(men)有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)地(di)提(ti)出(chu)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin):
diyi,tigaotouzizhengcedechayihuachengdu,pochuwuxingdetouzizhengcebilei。weilechengjieguojixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiezhuanyi,duibutongdiquchengjiebutongchanyehuoshengchanhuanjiedetouzizhengceyingjinkenengchabieduidai,bingzengqiangtouzizhengcedetoumingdu,xiaochuzhengcexingqishi。yifangmian,youyuzhongguogediquziyuanbingfu、技ji術shu水shui平ping和he經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping存cun在zai差cha異yi,國guo家jia在zai製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce時shi,應ying考kao慮lv給gei予yu各ge地di區qu一yi定ding的de自zi主zhu性xing,采cai取qu國guo家jia製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce指zhi導dao原yuan則ze,各ge地di區qu依yi據ju此ci原yuan則ze結jie合he自zi身shen的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping,差cha異yi化hua地di製zhi定ding鼓gu勵li、限(xian)製(zhi)和(he)禁(jin)止(zhi)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),地(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府(fu)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門(men)應(ying)加(jia)快(kuai)清(qing)理(li)與(yu)降(jiang)低(di)投(tou)資(zi)壁(bi)壘(lei)和(he)投(tou)資(zi)政(zheng)策(ce)透(tou)明(ming)度(du)原(yuan)則(ze)不(bu)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)規(gui)章(zhang),並(bing)逐(zhu)步(bu)廢(fei)除(chu)一(yi)些(xie)與(yu)促(cu)進(jin)投(tou)資(zi)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)的(de)國(guo)際(ji)規(gui)則(ze)相(xiang)衝(chong)突(tu)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui),且(qie)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善(shan)促(cu)進(jin)不(bu)同(tong)地(di)區(qu)各(ge)類(lei)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)相(xiang)適(shi)應(ying)的(de)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)規(gui)則(ze),同(tong)時(shi),還(hai)應(ying)加(jia)強(qiang)投(tou)資(zi)自(zi)由(you)化(hua)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)對(dui)外(wai)宣(xuan)傳(chuan),及(ji)時(shi)對(dui)外(wai)公(gong)布(bu)鼓(gu)勵(li)、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息,並確保這些信息的國際傳播。
dier,tiaozhengshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi,zengqiangshuishouzhengcedexiangduiyouxiaoxing。shuishouzhengcefanyinglezhengfuduiqiyeyugerenshouyidezhengshuishuiping,yinci,shuishouzhengceyizhishizuoweishijiegeguoyindaochanyezibenliuxiangdezhongyaoshouduan。weiletigaoguojixianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjiedezhuanyixiaolv,yingyijudiqutezhenghechanyedetexing,caiquduoyanghuadeshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。yifangmian,yingshishidiyijudiquhechanyezhengcedexuyao,xietiaocaiyonggezhongshuishouzhengceyouhuifangshi。youyujianjieshuishouyouhuifangshinengduitouzizhouqichang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠,因此,應逐步采取以加速折舊、虧(kui)損(sun)彌(mi)補(bu)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)主(zhu),促(cu)進(jin)資(zi)本(ben)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)密(mi)集(ji)型(xing)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)特(te)性(xing)製(zhi)定(ding)細(xi)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce),並(bing)在(zai)地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)間(jian)、行xing業ye之zhi間jian和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie之zhi間jian體ti現xian稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。對dui於yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie,可ke賦fu予yu相xiang對dui於yu其qi他ta產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui,同tong時shi,為wei了le鼓gu勵li落luo後hou地di區qu吸xi引yin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi,可ke適shi當dang獲huo得de相xiang對dui於yu經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu而er言yan更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce,以yi提ti高gao稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce在zai經jing濟ji落luo後hou地di區qu的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。
第三,創新商業交易製度,減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移,中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、biangengyutuichushengchanyujingyinghuodongdeshouquanyuhuibaochengxu。shouxian,keyichangshiyouzhongyangbuweichutaigediqushenpiwaiziqiyedeyuanze,bingzaigegejibiedexingzhengquhuadanweishelishenpijiguanqiegeiyutamenyudiqujingjifazhanguimoxiangyingdeshenpiquanxian,qieyifalvxingshijiayiguding。zaiguojiaduiwaishangsheliqiyeguidingshenpiyuanzedetiaojianxia,weilegulizhixiashihejingjifadadiquchengjieguowaixianjinchanyedezhuanyi,zhongyangkeshidanggeiyudiquzhengfuduiyuxiandaixianjinchanyejiaogaodeshenpiquanxian。qici,jinkenengjianhuawaishangtouzishenqingshelixiandaixianjinqiyedeshenpishouxu,zengqiangshenpidetoumingduhetigaoshenpixiaolv。shenpijiguankeshidangjianhuawaizideshenpihelianhenianjianshouxu,shixing“一站式”服務,且在經營期內,企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少、增加或轉讓注冊資本,或是將其
財產權益對外抵押、轉讓,以及政府商務、財政、工商行政管理、稅(shui)務(wu)等(deng)各(ge)部(bu)門(men)對(dui)外(wai)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)實(shi)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)年(nian)檢(jian)時(shi),應(ying)提(ti)高(gao)行(xing)政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)辦(ban)理(li)的(de)效(xiao)率(lv)和(he)透(tou)明(ming)度(du),盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)地(di)簡(jian)化(hua)辦(ban)理(li)手(shou)續(xu),減(jian)少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)支(zhi)付(fu)行(xing)政(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)和(he)年(nian)檢(jian)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。再(zai)次(ci),改(gai)變(bian)以(yi)往(wang)外(wai)商(shang)投(tou)資(zi)企(qi)業(ye)因(yin)經(jing)營(ying)期(qi)限(xian)滿(man)而(er)終(zhong)止(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)“一刀切”banfa,duiyuwaishangzaibenguotouzixiandaixianjinqiye,caiyongleisiyuneiziqiyedezhongzhijingyingdebanfa,kexianyouqiyepinyongqingsuanjigouchujujuyoufalvxiaoyingdeqingsuanbaogao,zaibaoshenpijiguanshenhe,shixianneiwaiziqiyezaishenpishouxushangdengtongduidai。
第(di)四(si),健(jian)全(quan)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du),降(jiang)低(di)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)中(zhong)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing)。為(wei)了(le)有(you)效(xiao)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)序(xu)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi),我(wo)們(men)既(ji)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)度(du),又(you)要(yao)努(nu)力(li)提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)水(shui)平(ping)。對(dui)於(yu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin),一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian),應(ying)努(nu)力(li)完(wan)善(shan)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)律(lv),逐(zhu)步(bu)覆(fu)蓋(gai)當(dang)前(qian)法(fa)律(lv)條(tiao)文(wen)所(suo)不(bu)能(neng)含(han)蓋(gai)的(de)盲(mang)區(qu),並(bing)依(yi)據(ju)行(xing)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)對(dui)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)敏(min)感(gan)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)同(tong),適(shi)時(shi)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)規(gui);另ling一yi方fang麵mian,應ying增zeng強qiang知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de執zhi法fa力li度du,加jia大da對dui侵qin犯fan知zhi識shi產chan權quan的de懲cheng罰fa力li度du,提ti高gao知zhi識shi產chan權quan侵qin權quan的de成cheng本ben。對dui於yu人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan保bao護hu,首shou先xian應ying適shi時shi地di修xiu訂ding與yu完wan善shan《勞動法》、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律,消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則,加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調;其qi次ci,通tong過guo加jia大da相xiang關guan法fa律lv法fa規gui的de執zhi行xing力li度du和he拓tuo寬kuan覆fu蓋gai麵mian,確que保bao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi雙shuang方fang在zai平ping等deng互hu利li的de前qian提ti下xia,完wan善shan人ren力li資zi本ben產chan權quan的de交jiao易yi程cheng序xu,減jian少shao人ren力li資zi本ben交jiao易yi的de不bu確que定ding性xing;再(zai)次(ci),大(da)力(li)發(fa)展(zhan)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)和(he)建(jian)立(li)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)市(shi)場(chang)交(jiao)易(yi)製(zhi)度(du),擴(kuo)大(da)資(zi)本(ben)信(xin)息(xi)交(jiao)流(liu)渠(qu)道(dao),提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)信(xin)息(xi)共(gong)享(xiang)水(shui)平(ping),降(jiang)低(di)企(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)取(qu)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)的(de)信(xin)息(xi)成(cheng)本(ben),發(fa)揮(hui)反(fan)映(ying)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)製(zhi),保(bao)障(zhang)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan),防(fang)止(zhi)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)交(jiao)易(yi)“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為,提高人力資本的利用效率。(作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位:北京大學、湖南大學)