編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)
，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)
，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   當dang今jin虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu已yi經jing滲shen透tou到dao社she會hui關guan鍵jian行xing業ye核he心xin計ji算suan業ye務wu中zhong，虛xu擬ni化hua的de出chu現xian改gai變bian了le傳chuan統tong的de單dan一yi計ji算suan機ji架jia構gou，虛xu擬ni化hua的de高gao可ke用yong性xing和he快kuai速su遷qian移yi特te性xing有you效xiao保bao證zheng了le關guan鍵jian係xi統tong的de計ji算suan機ji業ye務wu連lian續xu，有you效xiao降jiang低di了le由you計ji算suan機ji故gu障zhang導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，將jiang損sun失shi降jiang到dao最zui低di。虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，降jiang低di由you於yu工gong控kong主zhu機ji損sun壞huai導dao致zhi的de業ye務wu中zhong斷duan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並(bing)行(xing)，允(yun)許(xu)一(yi)個(ge)平(ping)台(tai)同(tong)時(shi)運(yun)行(xing)多(duo)個(ge)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)，並(bing)且(qie)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)相(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)立(li)的(de)空(kong)間(jian)內(nei)運(yun)行(xing)而(er)互(hu)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)
，從(cong)而(er)顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案
，支持虛擬技術的CPU帶dai有you特te別bie優you化hua過guo的de指zhi令ling集ji來lai控kong製zhi虛xu擬ni過guo程cheng
，通tong過guo特te殊shu的de指zhi令ling集ji，虛xu擬ni機ji會hui很hen容rong易yi提ti高gao性xing能neng，虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke提ti供gong基ji於yu芯xin片pian的de功gong能neng，借jie助zhu兼jian容rongVMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing
，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao
，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計
，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機

、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotiondenggaojigongnengtexing，yinerzaitachuangjiandehuanjingzhong，yudaotingjishizuiduobuguojiushijiandandezhongxinqidongeryi。duiyufangzhiyingyongchengxuhuoyingjianfashengguzhangdelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganlaishuo，gongkongzhujiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji
，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan
，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調(tiao)查(zha)統(tong)計(ji)發(fa)現(xian)，百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)八(ba)十(shi)以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)事(shi)故(gu)都(dou)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)造(zao)成(cheng)，影(ying)響(xiang)係(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)磁(ci)幹(gan)擾(rao)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)因(yin)素(su)
，如(ru)何(he)保(bao)證(zheng)主(zhu)機(ji)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)成(cheng)為(wei)防(fang)範(fan)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)，工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)部(bu)署(shu)的(de)是(shi)裸(luo)金(jin)屬(shu)架(jia)構(gou)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)版(ban)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)架(jia)構(gou)
，之(zhi)上(shang)再(zai)部(bu)署(shu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)，通(tong)過(guo)翻(fan)譯(yi)對(dui)接(jie)確(que)保(bao)底(di)層(ceng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用
，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行

，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong


，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei
，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據
，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之
，虛擬機總在被創建
、shiyong

，ranhoujinxingzaifenpeihuoshanchu。zhedailailejudadelinghuoxing。buguo
，zaizhezhonggaodudongtaihuadehuanjingzhong，bixuquebaoyiyuxunifuwuqixiangtongdejianhuafangshilaitigonghezaifenpeicunchurongliang。cunchuxunihuayouzhuyushixianzhezhonglinghuoxing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji
，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang

，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi
，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben

，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。