在zai國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji蔓man延yan
，世shi界jie經jing濟ji形xing勢shi複fu雜za多duo變bian的de環huan境jing下xia，各ge國guo正zheng致zhi力li於yu通tong過guo調tiao整zheng產chan業ye結jie構gou，應ying對dui金jin融rong危wei機ji的de挑tiao戰zhan，恢hui複fu經jing濟ji增zeng長chang的de動dong力li。與yu此ci同tong時shi
，中zhong國guo也ye正zheng通tong過guo積ji極ji的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin優you化hua產chan業ye結jie構gou與yu布bu局ju，擺bai脫tuo金jin融rong危wei機ji的de束shu縛fu
，保bao持chi經jing濟ji持chi續xu
、健康和快速發展。2009nianzhongyangjingjigongzuohuiyitebiezhichuyaocongzhiduanpairushou，yinshilidaoyindaoguojichanyeyouxudixiangbenguozhuanyi，yishirangwomenchongfenliyongjinrongweijiyinzhidequanqiuchanyejiegoutiaozhengheguojifengongzhongzudelishiqiji
，xiyinkejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexiandaixianjinchanyehegaoduanshengchanhuanjiexiangbenguozhuanyi，tuidongwoguochanyejiegoudeyouhuayushengji。yindaoguojichanyezhuanyidelishijiyu

　　guojijinrongweijidebaofadaozhilequanqiujingjideshuaitui，cushishijiegeguoshejiyouxiaodezhiduanpaitiaozhengchanyejiegou，yizuoweiyingduijinrongweijidezhuyaoshouduan
，zheshidejinrongweijiyoukenengweizhongguoyindaohechengjieguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaoleyicinandedelishijiyu。

　　一方麵，金融危機為中國引導國際產業轉移創造了客觀的曆史機遇。從全球維度來看
，雖然隨著世界經濟一體化的深入發展
，資本、jishuhelaodonglidengshengchanyaosuzaishichangjizhidezuoyongxiaquanqiuliudongyuzuhepeizhi，cuicuzheyiguohuodiquneibudechanyexiangjuyoubijiaoyoushidediquzhuanyi
，danshi
，youyufadaguojiabifazhanzhongguojiabiaoxianchujiaogaodejingjifazhanshuipinghejiaoqiangdekejililiang
，shidetamenzaishijiefengongtixiheliyifenpeigejuzhongzhanjuzhudaodiwei。tamenjiangziyuanxiaohaohehuanjingwuranshuipinggao、jishuhanlianghechanpinfujiazhididechanyexiangfazhanzhongguojiahebufadaguojiazhuanyi，yitengchudiyukongjianfazhankejihanlianghechanpinfujiazhigaodexianjinchanyeheshengchanhuanjie
，yiweichizishenzaichanyejiazhiliangaoduandeyoushidiwei。raner，youyuchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehexianjinchanyeduoshizibenyujishumijixingdefeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanye
，guojijinrongweijidebaofashidejinrongzibenduanlie
，daozhifeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyequefajinrongzibendezhicheng，yiner，jinrongweijiqiangliedichongjilefadaguojianeibubuhelidegangxingchanyejiegou
，birancushitamenzhongxinxietiaofeiwuzhishengchanhuanjiehechanyeyushiwushengchanhuanjiehechanyedexiangduibizhong，jiangyibufenchuyuchanyejiazhiliangaoduandeshengchanhuanjiehezibenyujishumijixingdexianjinchanyexianghaiwaizhuanyi
，youcikenengxingchengguojichanyezhuanyidexinlangchao。

　　lingyifangmian，jinrongweijiweizhongguoyindaoguojichanyezhuanyichuangzaolezhuguandelishijiyu。gaigekaifangsanshiduoniandelishijingyanbiaoming，zhongguochenggongdezhiduzhuanxingyouxiaodicujinlejingjijiegoudeyouhuahejingjizengchangfangshidezhuanbian
，chanshengle“經濟增長奇跡”
，極ji大da地di縮suo小xiao了le與yu發fa達da國guo家jia的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan差cha距ju。即ji使shi國guo際ji金jin融rong危wei機ji席xi卷juan全quan球qiu
，致zhi使shi世shi界jie各ge國guo經jing濟ji下xia滑hua，中zhong國guo雖sui然ran也ye無wu一yi例li外wai地di不bu能neng幸xing免mian，然ran而er
，正zheng當dang世shi界jie各ge國guo致zhi力li於yu尋xun找zhao金jin融rong危wei機ji的de應ying對dui之zhi策ce時shi
，中zhong國guo憑ping借jie對dui外wai開kai放fang三san十shi多duo年nian所suo積ji累lei的de物wu質zhi基ji礎chu和he及ji時shi有you效xiao的de製zhi度du安an排pai
，率lv先xian走zou出chu了le金jin融rong危wei機ji的de陰yin霾mai
，使shi得de發fa達da國guo家jia的de跨kua國guo公gong司si在zai麵mian臨lin本ben土tu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying環huan境jing惡e化hua時shi，重zhong新xin審shen視shi中zhong國guo的de生sheng產chan成cheng本ben和he交jiao易yi成cheng本ben優you勢shi所suo帶dai來lai的de生sheng產chan和he經jing營ying環huan境jing的de改gai善shan。此ci時shi，中zhong國guo有you可ke能neng依yi靠kao製zhi度du轉zhuan型xing所suo累lei積ji的de經jing驗yan，進jin一yi步bu調tiao整zheng政zheng策ce和he創chuang新xin製zhi度du，創chuang造zao產chan業ye升sheng級ji的de新xin環huan境jing，主zhu動dong引yin導dao和he承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi，並bing在zai本ben國guo培pei育yu完wan整zheng的de產chan業ye價jia值zhi鏈lian，優you化hua產chan業ye的de空kong間jian布bu局ju
，推tui動dong產chan業ye結jie構gou升sheng級ji。引yin導dao國guo際ji產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi的de製zhi度du創chuang新xin

　　中(zhong)國(guo)作(zuo)為(wei)正(zheng)處(chu)於(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)，要(yao)巧(qiao)借(jie)金(jin)融(rong)危(wei)機(ji)的(de)曆(li)史(shi)機(ji)遇(yu)
，加(jia)快(kuai)現(xian)代(dai)工(gong)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程(cheng)，實(shi)現(xian)大(da)國(guo)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)趕(gan)超(chao)，必(bi)然(ran)需(xu)要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)價(jia)值(zhi)鏈(lian)高(gao)端(duan)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)來(lai)實(shi)現(xian)。為(wei)此(ci)，我(wo)們(men)有(you)針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)地(di)提(ti)出(chu)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)和(he)高(gao)端(duan)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)轉(zhuan)移(yi)的(de)政(zheng)策(ce)調(tiao)整(zheng)和(he)製(zhi)度(du)創(chuang)新(xin)：

　　第di一yi，提ti高gao投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de差cha異yi化hua程cheng度du
，破po除chu無wu形xing的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce壁bi壘lei。為wei了le承cheng接jie國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he高gao端duan生sheng產chan環huan節jie轉zhuan移yi，對dui不bu同tong地di區qu承cheng接jie不bu同tong產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de投tou資zi政zheng策ce應ying盡jin可ke能neng差cha別bie對dui待dai，並bing增zeng強qiang投tou資zi政zheng策ce的de透tou明ming度du，消xiao除chu政zheng策ce性xing歧qi視shi。一yi方fang麵mian，由you於yu中zhong國guo各ge地di區qu資zi源yuan稟bing賦fu、技ji術shu水shui平ping和he經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping存cun在zai差cha異yi，國guo家jia在zai製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce時shi
，應ying考kao慮lv給gei予yu各ge地di區qu一yi定ding的de自zi主zhu性xing


，采cai取qu國guo家jia製zhi定ding投tou資zi政zheng策ce指zhi導dao原yuan則ze
，各ge地di區qu依yi據ju此ci原yuan則ze結jie合he自zi身shen的de經jing濟ji發fa展zhan水shui平ping，差cha異yi化hua地di製zhi定ding鼓gu勵li
、限xian製zhi和he禁jin止zhi外wai商shang投tou資zi產chan業ye的de政zheng策ce。另ling一yi方fang麵mian
，地di方fang政zheng府fu主zhu管guan部bu門men應ying加jia快kuai清qing理li與yu降jiang低di投tou資zi壁bi壘lei和he投tou資zi政zheng策ce透tou明ming度du原yuan則ze不bu相xiang適shi應ying的de政zheng策ce規gui章zhang
，並bing逐zhu步bu廢fei除chu一yi些xie與yu促cu進jin投tou資zi自zi由you化hua的de國guo際ji規gui則ze相xiang衝chong突tu的de法fa律lv法fa規gui
，且qie進jin一yi步bu完wan善shan促cu進jin不bu同tong地di區qu各ge類lei產chan業ye投tou資zi相xiang適shi應ying的de自zi由you化hua規gui則ze，同tong時shi，還hai應ying加jia強qiang投tou資zi自zi由you化hua政zheng策ce的de對dui外wai宣xuan傳chuan
，及ji時shi對dui外wai公gong布bu鼓gu勵li、限製和禁止外商投資產業信息，並確保這些信息的國際傳播。

　　第di二er
，調tiao整zheng稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi，增zeng強qiang稅shui收shou政zheng策ce的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。稅shui收shou政zheng策ce反fan映ying了le政zheng府fu對dui企qi業ye與yu個ge人ren收shou益yi的de征zheng稅shui水shui平ping，因yin此ci，稅shui收shou政zheng策ce一yi直zhi是shi作zuo為wei世shi界jie各ge國guo引yin導dao產chan業ye資zi本ben流liu向xiang的de重zhong要yao手shou段duan。為wei了le提ti高gao國guo際ji先xian進jin產chan業ye和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie的de轉zhuan移yi效xiao率lv，應ying依yi據ju地di區qu特te征zheng和he產chan業ye的de特te性xing，采cai取qu多duo樣yang化hua的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi。一yi方fang麵mian，應ying適shi時shi地di依yi據ju地di區qu和he產chan業ye政zheng策ce的de需xu要yao
，協xie調tiao采cai用yong各ge種zhong稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui方fang式shi。由you於yu間jian接jie稅shui收shou優you惠hui方fang式shi能neng對dui投tou資zi周zhou期qi長chang、風險高的資本與技術密集型產業帶來更為實際的政策優惠

，因此，應逐步采取以加速折舊
、虧(kui)損(sun)彌(mi)補(bu)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)方(fang)式(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)
，促(cu)進(jin)資(zi)本(ben)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)密(mi)集(ji)型(xing)產(chan)業(ye)投(tou)資(zi)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)依(yi)據(ju)地(di)域(yu)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)產(chan)業(ye)特(te)性(xing)製(zhi)定(ding)細(xi)化(hua)的(de)稅(shui)收(shou)優(you)惠(hui)政(zheng)策(ce)，並(bing)在(zai)地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)間(jian)、行xing業ye之zhi間jian和he生sheng產chan環huan節jie之zhi間jian體ti現xian稅shui收shou政zheng策ce優you惠hui的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。對dui於yu技ji術shu密mi集ji型xing的de先xian進jin產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie，可ke賦fu予yu相xiang對dui於yu其qi他ta產chan業ye或huo生sheng產chan環huan節jie更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou優you惠hui，同tong時shi
，為wei了le鼓gu勵li落luo後hou地di區qu吸xi引yin產chan業ye轉zhuan移yi

，可ke適shi當dang獲huo得de相xiang對dui於yu經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu而er言yan更geng為wei優you厚hou的de稅shui收shou政zheng策ce
，以yi提ti高gao稅shui收shou優you惠hui政zheng策ce在zai經jing濟ji落luo後hou地di區qu的de相xiang對dui有you效xiao性xing。

　　第三
，創新商業交易製度，減少企業與政府之間的交往成本。為了更好地承接國際先進產業的轉移，中國應簡化對現代先進企業的創立、變bian更geng與yu退tui出chu生sheng產chan與yu經jing營ying活huo動dong的de授shou權quan與yu彙hui報bao程cheng序xu。首shou先xian，可ke以yi嚐chang試shi由you中zhong央yang部bu委wei出chu台tai各ge地di區qu審shen批pi外wai資zi企qi業ye的de原yuan則ze，並bing在zai各ge個ge級ji別bie的de行xing政zheng區qu劃hua單dan位wei設she立li審shen批pi機ji關guan且qie給gei予yu他ta們men與yu地di區qu經jing濟ji發fa展zhan規gui模mo相xiang應ying的de審shen批pi權quan限xian
，且qie以yi法fa律lv形xing式shi加jia以yi固gu定ding。在zai國guo家jia對dui外wai商shang設she立li企qi業ye規gui定ding審shen批pi原yuan則ze的de條tiao件jian下xia，為wei了le鼓gu勵li直zhi轄xia市shi和he經jing濟ji發fa達da地di區qu承cheng接jie國guo外wai先xian進jin產chan業ye的de轉zhuan移yi

，中zhong央yang可ke適shi當dang給gei予yu地di區qu政zheng府fu對dui於yu現xian代dai先xian進jin產chan業ye較jiao高gao的de審shen批pi權quan限xian。其qi次ci
，盡jin可ke能neng簡jian化hua外wai商shang投tou資zi申shen請qing設she立li現xian代dai先xian進jin企qi業ye的de審shen批pi手shou續xu，增zeng強qiang審shen批pi的de透tou明ming度du和he提ti高gao審shen批pi效xiao率lv。審shen批pi機ji關guan可ke適shi當dang簡jian化hua外wai資zi的de審shen批pi和he聯lian合he年nian檢jian手shou續xu，實shi行xing“一站式”服務，且在經營期內，企業因投資總額和生產經營規模等發生變化而需減少
、增加或轉讓注冊資本，或是將其

　　財產權益對外抵押
、轉讓，以及政府商務
、財政、工商行政管理
、shuiwudenggebumenduiwaiziqiyeshixinglianhenianjianshi，yingtigaoxingzhengjiguanshenpihebanlidexiaolvhetoumingdu

，jinkenengdijianhuabanlishouxu，jianshaoqiyezhifuxingzhengshenpihenianjiandechengben。zaici
，gaibianyiwangwaishangtouziqiyeyinjingyingqixianmanerzhongzhijingyingde“一刀切”banfa
，duiyuwaishangzaibenguotouzixiandaixianjinqiye，caiyongleisiyuneiziqiyedezhongzhijingyingdebanfa，kexianyouqiyepinyongqingsuanjigouchujujuyoufalvxiaoyingdeqingsuanbaogao，zaibaoshenpijiguanshenhe，shixianneiwaiziqiyezaishenpishouxushangdengtongduidai。

　　第(di)四(si)
，健(jian)全(quan)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)，降(jiang)低(di)企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)與(yu)經(jing)營(ying)中(zhong)的(de)不(bu)確(que)定(ding)性(xing)。為(wei)了(le)有(you)效(xiao)引(yin)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)產(chan)業(ye)有(you)序(xu)向(xiang)本(ben)國(guo)轉(zhuan)移(yi)，我(wo)們(men)既(ji)要(yao)加(jia)大(da)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)力(li)度(du)，又(you)要(yao)努(nu)力(li)提(ti)高(gao)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)水(shui)平(ping)。對(dui)於(yu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)製(zhi)度(du)的(de)創(chuang)新(xin)，一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，應(ying)努(nu)力(li)完(wan)善(shan)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)律(lv)，逐(zhu)步(bu)覆(fu)蓋(gai)當(dang)前(qian)法(fa)律(lv)條(tiao)文(wen)所(suo)不(bu)能(neng)含(han)蓋(gai)的(de)盲(mang)區(qu)，並(bing)依(yi)據(ju)行(xing)業(ye)或(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)節(jie)對(dui)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)敏(min)感(gan)程(cheng)度(du)不(bu)同(tong)

，適(shi)時(shi)地(di)製(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)規(gui);另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)麵(mian)，應(ying)增(zeng)強(qiang)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)執(zhi)法(fa)力(li)度(du)，加(jia)大(da)對(dui)侵(qin)犯(fan)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)的(de)懲(cheng)罰(fa)力(li)度(du)，提(ti)高(gao)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)權(quan)侵(qin)權(quan)的(de)成(cheng)本(ben)。對(dui)於(yu)人(ren)力(li)資(zi)本(ben)產(chan)權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)，首(shou)先(xian)應(ying)適(shi)時(shi)地(di)修(xiu)訂(ding)與(yu)完(wan)善(shan)《勞動法》

、《合同法》、《公司法》、《勞動合同法》等相關法律，消除這些法律法規中相互衝突的規則
，加強法律之間的相互銜接與協調；qici，tongguojiadaxiangguanfalvfaguidezhixingliduhetuokuanfugaimian，quebaorenlizibenjiaoyishuangfangzaipingdenghulideqiantixia
，wanshanrenlizibenchanquandejiaoyichengxu
，jianshaorenlizibenjiaoyidebuquedingxing;zaici，dalifazhanrenlizibenshichanghejianlirenlizibenshichangjiaoyizhidu，kuodazibenxinxijiaoliuqudao，tigaorenlizibenxinxigongxiangshuiping
，jiangdiqiyehuoqurenlizibendexinxichengben，fahuifanyingrenlizibenjiazhideshichangjizhi

，baozhangrenlizibenchanquan，fangzhirenlizibenchanquanjiaoyi“事前”和“事後”的機會主義行為，提高人力資本的利用效率。（作者 林長華 楊晶晶 單位：北京大學、湖南大學）