http://kadhoai.com.cn 2026-04-28 15:55:21 來源:新浪
芝加哥大學的胡靜師和托馬斯 羅森鮑姆認為:他們倆發明了一種這樣的耐高溫傳感器。根據他們發表在《自然材料》雜(za)誌(zhi)上(shang)的(de)文(wen)章(zhang)說(shuo),他(ta)們(men)一(yi)直(zhi)在(zai)試(shi)驗(yan)通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)入(ru)多(duo)種(zhong)非(fei)金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)以(yi)使(shi)這(zhe)些(xie)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)最(zui)終(zhong)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)能(neng)像(xiang)金(jin)屬(shu)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)那(na)樣(yang)好(hao)。經(jing)過(guo)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu),他(ta)們(men)堅(jian)信(xin)他(ta)們(men)已(yi)發(fa)明(ming)了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)能(neng)適(shi)應(ying)陶(tao)瓷(ci)引(yin)擎(qing)高(gao)溫(wen)的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)。
使運動傳感器適應引擎極端高溫的方法,用金屬材料製作汽車引擎的缺點就是由於金屬的特性,它們的溫度會變得很高。而金屬在攝氏700度時強度就開始逐漸降低,因此引擎的設計必須考慮到降溫以阻止金屬因高溫而崩壞。
這樣做有兩個方麵的缺點。第一,浪費能源;第二,製造商們被迫花費大量的財力和精力去開發更為先進的製冷係統。
解決這個問題的方法之一就是使用陶瓷而非金屬材料製作引擎。陶瓷引擎能夠承受攝氏3000度(du)而(er)不(bu)崩(beng)壞(huai)。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)引(yin)擎(qing)無(wu)需(xu)任(ren)何(he)製(zhi)冷(leng)係(xi)統(tong)。可(ke)惜(xi)的(de)是(shi),那(na)些(xie)用(yong)來(lai)監(jian)控(kong)引(yin)擎(qing)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)同(tong)樣(yang)也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)耐(nai)受(shou)高(gao)溫(wen)。而(er)性(xing)能(neng)得(de)不(bu)到(dao)監(jian)控(kong)的(de)引(yin)擎(qing)就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)得(de)到(dao)控(kong)製(zhi)。這(zhe)麼(me)看(kan)來(lai),一(yi)款(kuan)耐(nai)高(gao)溫(wen)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)似(si)乎(hu)大(da)有(you)用(yong)武(wu)之(zhi)地(di)。
rujindeyinqingchuanganqiyiyuanyuanbushizaoxieniandenaxiegangsuosudujihelichengjisuonengxiangtibinglundele。xianzai,tamenjiluxiayinqingfeilundezhuandong,feilunfuzejieshouhuosaidenengliangbingjingyouliheqichuansonggeichelun;然(ran)後(hou)這(zhe)些(xie)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)將(jiang)感(gan)應(ying)數(shu)據(ju)傳(chuan)送(song)到(dao)位(wei)於(yu)儀(yi)表(biao)盤(pan)的(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)計(ji),而(er)在(zai)經(jing)過(guo)適(shi)當(dang)地(di)將(jiang)傳(chuan)動(dong)箱(xiang)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)納(na)入(ru)重(zhong)新(xin)計(ji)算(suan)的(de)範(fan)圍(wei)後(hou),重(zhong)新(xin)計(ji)算(suan)過(guo)的(de)感(gan)應(ying)數(shu)據(ju)也(ye)被(bei)傳(chuan)入(ru)速(su)度(du)計(ji),這(zhe)樣(yang)司(si)機(ji)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)很(hen)方(fang)便(bian)明(ming)了(le)地(di)看(kan)到(dao)這(zhe)兩(liang)項(xiang)數(shu)據(ju)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi),引(yin)擎(qing)管(guan)理(li)係(xi)統(tong)通(tong)過(guo)接(jie)收(shou)這(zhe)些(xie)數(shu)據(ju)以(yi)調(tiao)整(zheng)引(yin)擎(qing)以(yi)最(zui)佳(jia)狀(zhuang)態(tai)運(yun)行(xing)。
感gan應ying過guo程cheng通tong過guo磁ci感gan應ying調tiao速su輪lun邊bian緣yuan的de一yi個ge點dian來lai實shi現xian。由you磁ci阻zu材cai料liao製zhi成cheng的de傳chuan感gan器qi正zheng處chu於yu調tiao速su輪lun邊bian緣yuan的de殼ke室shi裏li。在zai磁ci阻zu材cai料liao中zhong,電dian子zi流liu的de發fa生sheng的de強qiang度du隨sui感gan應ying到dao的de磁ci場chang強qiang度du變bian化hua而er變bian化hua。當dang飛fei輪lun轉zhuan速su增zeng大da或huo者zhe降jiang低di時shi,同tong樣yang的de磁ci標biao記ji點dian經jing過guo傳chuan感gan器qi的de頻pin率lv也ye隨sui之zhi變bian化hua。相xiang應ying產chan生sheng的de電dian流liu波bo動dong也ye反fan映ying了le引yin擎qing的de運yun轉zhuan情qing況kuang。
磁ci化hua陶tao瓷ci引yin擎qing的de飛fei輪lun不bu存cun在zai任ren何he問wen題ti。許xu多duo材cai料liao都dou能neng在zai高gao溫wen狀zhuang態tai下xia保bao持chi其qi磁ci性xing。然ran而er,傳chuan感gan器qi在zai那na樣yang的de高gao溫wen下xia卻que會hui喪sang失shi其qi阻zu磁ci性xing,這zhe是shi因yin為wei組zu成cheng它ta們men的de材cai料liao在zai高gao溫wen下xia會hui發fa生sheng原yuan子zi層ceng麵mian的de排pai列lie紊wen亂luan。
在zai穩wen定ding的de係xi統tong中zhong,電dian子zi排pai列lie整zheng齊qi一yi致zhi。這zhe就jiu是shi為wei什shen麼me在zai相xiang對dui低di溫wen條tiao件jian下xia適shi合he創chuang造zao阻zu磁ci環huan境jing。在zai高gao溫wen條tiao件jian下xia,原yuan子zi受shou激ji,從cong而er會hui幹gan擾rao電dian子zi流liu進jin而er破po壞huai磁ci響xiang應ying。胡hu博bo士shi和he羅luo森sen鮑bao姆mu博bo士shi發fa現xian的de就jiu是shi一yi種zhong即ji使shi處chu於yu原yuan子zi紊wen亂luan狀zhuang態tai也ye不bu影ying響xiang電dian子zi流liu的de材cai料liao。
tamenzhiqiandeyanjiuzhuanzhuyuxihuayinyijidihuayinhuahewu,zheliangzhonghuahewuzaiziranjiezhongdouduicixingyouduoxing。tamenfaxianduojiarushaoliangdeyinnengshidezhexiehuahewugengjuyouzucixing。zaimouxieqingkuangxiazhexieduoyudeyinzairaoluancailiaobenshendetongshi,huitigonggeidianziyitiaogaochuandaoxingdetongdaolailiudong。kexizhezhinengcunzaiyudiwenhuanjingxia。jinjinshizailvegaoyushiwendewendutiaojianxia,zhegexiaoguodouhuixiaoshi。
經過更進一步的研究,他們發現自己所尋找的是一種名字聽起來很不同尋常的物質———tihuayin。tamenxianjiangzhezhongwuzhidejingtifensuichengxiaotijisuipian,dangbazhexiesuipianzaizuhezaiyiqishi,tamenfaxian,zhexiesuipiandebianyuanhuixingchengnengshidianziliudongdetongdao,congershidezhezhongcailiaojubeixihuayinhedihuayinnayangdezucixing,zhibuguozhezhongzucixingshizaigaowentiaojianerbushidiwentiaojianxiashixiande。zaizuciwuzhideshijieli,sihuquyuezhexiechuanganqidefangshijiushixiaoxiaodiraoluanyixiatamendezhixu。