摘要

本文將審視當今製造業麵臨的核心挑戰，探索正在席卷行業的變革浪潮。這場變革源於對資源敏感型製造的全新關注，而人工智能
、分散式控製、混合組網及軟件定義自動化等新技術與能力協同發力，共同為未來數字化工廠的崛起築牢根基。

製造業麵臨的挑戰

zhizaoyezhengchuyuyichangzhuanxinglangchaozhizhong

，xiaofeizheduigexinghuachanpinxuqiudezengchang，jiazhiyiqinghougongyinglianweijicuishengdechanyehuiliuqushideng，chengweituidongzheyibiangedezhuyaoqudongli。erzhexie，jinjinshizhongduotiaozhanzhongdebingshanyijiao。yucitongshi
，quanqiugeguozhengfuyefenfenchutaixiangguanfagui，yijianshaozhizaoyedetanpaifang
，congershixianwenshiqitijinglingpaifangmubiao。yingduizhexietiaozhanjiangweigongyezhizaoqiyekaipiquanxindefazhansaidao，qiyekejieciqijiyinruqianyanjishu
，zaijiangditanpaifangdetongshi，tigaozhizaoyedeshengchanxiaolv、可擴展性和靈活性。

zairujinjiyoudezhizaogongchangnei
，zhizaoshebeiyuzidonghuashebeilijingduonianfanfubushuyukuozhan
，hucaozuoxingwentiriyituxian。shebeijianbujinnanyishunchangxietongyunzuo
，xianghujiandelianjieyejiweiyouxian，daozhigongchangneibupubianquefanengguantongsuoyouzidonghuashebeidetongyiwangluo。

隨著新產品庫存單位(SKU)數(shu)量(liang)持(chi)續(xu)攀(pan)升(sheng)，生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)的(de)設(she)置(zhi)與(yu)驗(yan)證(zheng)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)得(de)不(bu)相(xiang)應(ying)增(zeng)加(jia)。在(zai)醫(yi)療(liao)器(qi)械(xie)製(zhi)造(zao)領(ling)域(yu)
，驗(yan)證(zheng)流(liu)程(cheng)不(bu)僅(jin)耗(hao)時(shi)漫(man)長(chang)
，成(cheng)本(ben)也(ye)十(shi)分(fen)高(gao)昂(ang)。此(ci)外(wai)，產(chan)品(pin)SKU的增多還會拉低設備綜合效率(OEE)，原(yuan)因(yin)在(zai)於(yu)額(e)外(wai)投(tou)入(ru)的(de)設(she)置(zhi)和(he)驗(yan)證(zheng)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)生(sheng)產(chan)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)浪(lang)費(fei)，進(jin)而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)下(xia)滑(hua)。製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)麵(mian)臨(lin)的(de)挑(tiao)戰(zhan)不(bu)止(zhi)於(yu)此(ci)，熟(shu)練(lian)工(gong)人(ren)短(duan)缺(que)問(wen)題(ti)同(tong)樣(yang)嚴(yan)峻(jun)。據(ju)預(yu)測(ce)，截(jie)至(zhi)2030年，製造業熟練工人缺口將高達約210萬人。1 當下，多數製造活動集中於既有工廠
；zaicibeijingxia
，qiyeshituzaixianyouchangfangkongjianneitishengchannengshi
，laodonglibuzudewentibianchengweichannengtishengdeguanjianzhiyueyinsu。weilaishuzihuagongchangzhengshiweigongkeshangshuzhongzhongtiaozhanersheng
，zhiliyutuidongzhizaoyemairuquanxindefazhanjiyuan（見圖1）。

圖1.工業製造麵臨的挑戰。

工業製造業的轉型

從(cong)技(ji)術(shu)角(jiao)度(du)來(lai)看(kan)
，製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)已(yi)取(qu)得(de)重(zhong)大(da)進(jin)步(bu)。例(li)如(ru)，通(tong)過(guo)在(zai)製(zhi)造(zao)資(zi)產(chan)和(he)設(she)備(bei)上(shang)增(zeng)加(jia)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)部(bu)署(shu)並(bing)進(jin)行(xing)融(rong)合(he)，可(ke)生(sheng)成(cheng)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)集(ji)，用(yong)於(yu)優(you)化(hua)機(ji)器(qi)並(bing)提(ti)高(gao)設(she)備(bei)綜(zong)合(he)效(xiao)率(lv)(OEE)。軟件定義自動化的部署提升了製造業的生產效率、靈活性和可擴展性，大幅縮短了設置與驗證時間。此外，人工智能(AI)zhengzhubuxiangbianyuancefazhan，gengjiakaojinchuanganqihuozhixingqidengshengchengshujudezhongduan。bianyuanrengongzhinengjiangjiezhushujuqudongdejuecefangshi，bazhizaoshujuzhuanhuaweiqieshikexingdejianjie
，zhulizizhuzhizaoshixianzhizaoyeshengchanxiaolvyujingzhenglideyuesheng（見圖2）。

圖2.製造業的轉型。

資源感知型製造

下一代製造業需要更全麵地審視資源消耗的各個方麵。製造業所需的四大關鍵資源分別是資金、電力

、cailiaoherenli。zaiziyuanganzhixingzhizaodebeijingxia，weilaishuzihuagongchangjidaitishengduizhexieziyuandeliyongxiaolv。zaizijinxiaolvfangmian

，suoyouzhizaolingyudezibenzhichudouyingzhuzhongshixiantouzihuibaolv(ROI)，周期可能為一年
、sannianhuowunianbudeng。weilaishuzihuagongchangdeguanjianmubiaozhiyi，bianshiyizuishaodezibenzhichushixianlirunzuidahua
，jinerhuodezuigaodetouzihuibaolv。qicishidianlixiaolv，xiayidaizhizaoyebixuyigengdidenenghaoshixiangenggaodechanchu，dachengjianshaoquanqiutanpaifangdemubiao。jiangdidianlixiaohaodeguanjianjucuobaokuo：部署高效電機驅動器，將氣動驅動替換為機電驅動，運用自適應閉環控製技術提升製造效率，等等。

ziyuanganzhixingzhizaodedisangefangmianshicailiaoxiaolv。zaitishengzhizaoyekechixuxingfangmian，jianshaocailiaolangfeiyujiangdinengyuanxiaohaotongdengzhongyao，fahuizhebukehuoquedezuoyong。tongguozuidaxiandudijianshaoyuancailiaodeshiyong，zaijiehejiaqiangshengchanzhiliangkongzhi，nenggouxianzhujianshaozhenggezhizaoliuchengzhongdecailiaolangfei，zuizhongchaozhelingfeiqishengchandemubiaomaijin。zuihouyigefangmianshirenlixiaolv，yishizhongzhongzhizhong。dangqian，zhizaoyezaizhaopinshuliangongrenfangmiancunzaizhuduotiaozhan。zhizaoyebixujinkenengdijianshaorenweijieru

，kecaiqudefangshibaokuo：推廣自主製造模式，應用先進機器人技術，部署具備實時感知能力、能快速響應操作環境與製造需求變化的自動化解決方案（見圖3）。

圖3.資源感知型製造。

未來數字化工廠

ADI公司對未來數字化工廠的願景

，聚焦於連接、控製和解讀這三大核心支柱。連接戰略旨在通過提升製造業生產效率


、kekuozhanxinghelinghuoxing
，tongshijiangditanpaifang，laidachengweilaigongchangdefazhanlantu。quebaosuoyouzhizaozichanhejiqilianjiedaotongyiwangluo
，shixianzhizaoshujudetoumingfangwen
，bingliyongzhexieshujutuidongzhenggezhizaochangsuodegongyichixugaijin。zhizaohuanjingxujiezhuyouxianhewuxianhunhewangluo，shixiancongbianyuandaoyunduandeshishiwufenglianjie。duiyuyouxiankongzhilianjie，qianzhaoweigongyeyitaiwangzhengbeibushuyongyugongchangwangluoyitigonggenggaodedaikuan，tongshidapeishijianminganxingwangluo(TSN)來確保實時流量控製的確定性。對於諸如自主移動機器人(AMR)等移動應用
，靈活的專用5G網絡起到補充作用，並且專用5G網絡還可連接難以輕鬆接入有線工業以太網的遠程傳感器和執行器。

dierxiangguanjianzhanlvejujiaoyukongzhilingyu。fensanshizizhukongzhiyituoquanxindemokuaihuazidonghuajiejuefangan，dailaigenggaodelinghuoxing，jinengsuoduanshezhiheyanzhengshijian
，younengzhichiriyizengchangdexinchanpinkucundanwei(SKU)。從傳統生產線的集中式可編程邏輯控製器(PLC)轉向分散式PLCkongzhi，xianjindebianyuanjisuanjiangbeizhijiejichengdaojiqizhizhong。jiyubianyuandezizhukongzhirangshengchanxiangengjukezhonggouxing，xianzhutishengzhizaolinghuoxing。meiyitaijiqidouchengweiyigewanzhengdulidemokuaihuazhizaodanyuan
，kezaijishaorenweijierudeqingkuangxia，qingsongwanchengpeizhiyuzhongxinbushu。tongguobushugengduolinghuo
、模塊化的製造解決方案，並由分散式自主控製予以支持，我們能夠更好地實現未來數字化工廠的目標。

zuihouyixiangzhanlvejujiaoyujiedu。jieduzhanlvezhizaijiangshengchanshujuzhuanhuaweikefuzhushijiandedongchaxinxi，congerzhulishixianweilaigongchangdegexiangmubiao。jugusuan
，zhizaoyemeinianchanshengdeshujuliangyueda1812 PB（拍字節）。2 解(jie)讀(du)戰(zhan)略(lve)將(jiang)運(yun)用(yong)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)技(ji)術(shu)來(lai)處(chu)理(li)這(zhe)些(xie)海(hai)量(liang)製(zhi)造(zao)數(shu)據(ju)，以(yi)提(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)。解(jie)讀(du)戰(zhan)略(lve)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)在(zai)於(yu)在(zai)數(shu)據(ju)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)邊(bian)緣(yuan)側(ce)部(bu)署(shu)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)。邊(bian)緣(yuan)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)主(zhu)動(dong)決(jue)策(ce)，結(jie)合(he)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)融(rong)合(he)（包含工業視覺、溫度
、壓力/力
、測斜儀、位置
、振動
、濕度等測量方式），實(shi)現(xian)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)自(zi)主(zhu)優(you)化(hua)。邊(bian)緣(yuan)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)通(tong)過(guo)自(zi)動(dong)執(zhi)行(xing)常(chang)規(gui)任(ren)務(wu)，減(jian)少(shao)對(dui)熟(shu)練(lian)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)的(de)依(yi)賴(lai)，並(bing)以(yi)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)高(gao)的(de)良(liang)品(pin)率(lv)實(shi)現(xian)更(geng)具(ju)個(ge)性(xing)化(hua)和(he)複(fu)雜(za)性(xing)的(de)製(zhi)造(zao)。關(guan)鍵(jian)應(ying)用(yong)包(bao)括(kuo)引(yin)導(dao)驅(qu)動(dong)（移動機器人）、缺陷或異常檢測（機器健康狀況）
、持續的工藝改進、模式識別（質量控製）
，最終還將融入自動化控製循環，成為其中重要一環。

圖4.實現未來數字化工廠的幾點關鍵要求。

結論

製造業正在經曆一場變革，朝著更智能、更互聯、yiruanjiandingyiweizhudefangxiangfazhan。shishiwufengdebianyuandaoyunduanlianjie
，jiangshixianduixinxingzhizaoshujujidetouminghuafangwen。fensanshikongzhijiezhubianyuanjisuan，jiangkongzhigongnengcongkebianchengluojikongzhiqi(PLC)遷移至機器本身。傳感器融合技術的應用提升了機器的設備綜合效率(OEE)
，並(bing)產(chan)生(sheng)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)集(ji)
，為(wei)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)模(mo)型(xing)的(de)訓(xun)練(lian)與(yu)部(bu)署(shu)提(ti)供(gong)支(zhi)撐(cheng)。邊(bian)緣(yuan)人(ren)工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)使(shi)自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)機(ji)器(qi)完(wan)全(quan)實(shi)現(xian)自(zi)主(zhu)化(hua)。這(zhe)些(xie)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)融(rong)合(he)勢(shi)必(bi)將(jiang)徹(che)底(di)改(gai)變(bian)未(wei)來(lai)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)
，在(zai)顯(xian)著(zhu)降(jiang)低(di)能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)耗(hao)和(he)材(cai)料(liao)浪(lang)費(fei)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，提(ti)高(gao)製(zhi)造(zao)業(ye)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)
、linghuoxinghekekuozhanxing。duiyuzhizaoshangeryan，chenggongdeguanjianzaiyuruheyushengtaixitongneideqitagongsizhankaihezuo，yinweifengfuduoyangdejingyanhenengliduiyujiasushixianweilaishuzihuagongchangdeyuanjingzhiguanzhongyao。ruxujinyibulejieADI針對未來數字化工廠的可持續自動化解決方案，請訪問

analog.com/industrialautomation。

參考文獻

1 Victor Reyes、Heather Ashton和Chad Moutray，“Creating Pathways for Tomorrow’s Workforce Today:Beyond Reskilling in Manufacturing”，Deloitte Insights，美國製造業研究所
，2021年5月。

2 “Deloitte Survey on AI Adoption in Manufacturing”，Deloitte，2020年。