編者語：虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)，提(ti)高(gao)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)。本(ben)文(wen)介(jie)紹(shao)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)特(te)點(dian)
，詳(xiang)細(xi)介(jie)紹(shao)了(le)如(ru)何(he)將(jiang)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)。

   dangjinxunihuajishuyijingshentoudaoshehuiguanjianxingyehexinjisuanyewuzhong，xunihuadechuxiangaibianlechuantongdedanyijisuanjijiagou，xunihuadegaokeyongxinghekuaisuqianyitexingyouxiaobaozhengleguanjianxitongdejisuanjiyewulianxu，youxiaojiangdileyoujisuanjiguzhangdaozhideyewuzhongduan，jiangsunshijiangdaozuidi。xunihuayingyongdaogongyekongzhidangzhongkeyiyouxiaobaozhenggongkongzhujidegaokeyongxing，jiangdiyouyugongkongzhujisunhuaidaozhideyewuzhongduan，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並bing行xing，允yun許xu一yi個ge平ping台tai同tong時shi運yun行xing多duo個ge操cao作zuo係xi統tong，並bing且qie應ying用yong程cheng序xu都dou可ke以yi在zai相xiang互hu獨du立li的de空kong間jian內nei運yun行xing而er互hu不bu影ying響xiang，從cong而er顯xian著zhu提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案，支持虛擬技術的CPU帶(dai)有(you)特(te)別(bie)優(you)化(hua)過(guo)的(de)指(zhi)令(ling)集(ji)來(lai)控(kong)製(zhi)虛(xu)擬(ni)過(guo)程(cheng)
，通(tong)過(guo)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)指(zhi)令(ling)集(ji)，虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)會(hui)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)提(ti)高(gao)性(xing)能(neng)，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)提(ti)供(gong)基(ji)於(yu)芯(xin)片(pian)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)，借(jie)助(zhu)兼(jian)容(rong)VMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan
，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotion等deng高gao級ji功gong能neng特te性xing，因yin而er在zai它ta創chuang建jian的de環huan境jing中zhong，遇yu到dao停ting機ji時shi最zui多duo不bu過guo就jiu是shi簡jian單dan的de重zhong新xin啟qi動dong而er已yi。對dui於yu防fang止zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu或huo硬ying件jian發fa生sheng故gu障zhang的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an來lai說shuo，工gong控kong主zhu機jiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi
，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi
，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong，huichentebieduo，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao

，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調(tiao)查(zha)統(tong)計(ji)發(fa)現(xian)，百(bai)分(fen)之(zhi)八(ba)十(shi)以(yi)上(shang)工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)事(shi)故(gu)都(dou)是(shi)由(you)於(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)造(zao)成(cheng)，影(ying)響(xiang)係(xi)統(tong)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)因(yin)素(su)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)磁(ci)幹(gan)擾(rao)等(deng)間(jian)接(jie)因(yin)素(su)，如(ru)何(he)保(bao)證(zheng)主(zhu)機(ji)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)可(ke)靠(kao)成(cheng)為(wei)防(fang)範(fan)的(de)重(zhong)點(dian)，充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用(yong)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)保(bao)證(zheng)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)
，工(gong)控(kong)機(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)部(bu)署(shu)的(de)是(shi)裸(luo)金(jin)屬(shu)架(jia)構(gou)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)版(ban)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)架(jia)構(gou)
，之(zhi)上(shang)再(zai)部(bu)署(shu)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)和(he)控(kong)製(zhi)應(ying)用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)
，通(tong)過(guo)翻(fan)譯(yi)對(dui)接(jie)確(que)保(bao)底(di)層(ceng)應(ying)用(yong)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWS等(deng)眾(zhong)多(duo)操(cao)作(zuo)係(xi)統(tong)，實(shi)現(xian)以(yi)往(wang)不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)實(shi)現(xian)的(de)多(duo)宿(xiu)主(zhu)架(jia)構(gou)，在(zai)工(gong)控(kong)應(ying)用(yong)當(dang)中(zhong)，可(ke)以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)多(duo)種(zhong)業(ye)務(wu)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)。快(kuai)照(zhao)功(gong)能(neng)在(zai)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)支(zhi)持(chi)每(mei)卷(juan)創(chuang)建(jian)多(duo)個(ge)快(kuai)照(zhao)拷(kao)貝(bei)，並(bing)將(jiang)這(zhe)些(xie)時(shi)間(jian)點(dian)拷(kao)貝(bei)分(fen)配(pei)給(gei)其(qi)他(ta)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)。這(zhe)樣(yang)用(yong)戶(hu)隻(zhi)需(xu)創(chuang)建(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)快(kuai)照(zhao)拷(kao)貝(bei)並(bing)分(fen)配(pei)給(gei)專(zhuan)門(men)用(yong)作(zuo)測(ce)試(shi)的(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)機(ji)，就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)創(chuang)建(jian)出(chu)功(gong)能(neng)強(qiang)大(da)的(de)測(ce)試(shi)環(huan)境(jing)了(le)。一(yi)旦(dan)用(yong)戶(hu)建(jian)立(li)了(le)虛(xu)擬(ni)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)環(huan)境(jing)，用(yong)戶(hu)就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)快(kuai)速(su)創(chuang)建(jian)虛(xu)擬(ni)測(ce)試(shi)服(fu)務(wu)器(qi)。測(ce)試(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)夠(gou)在(zai)幾(ji)秒(miao)鍾(zhong)內(nei)分(fen)配(pei)獲(huo)得(de)真(zhen)實(shi)的(de)“實時”數據，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建
、使shi用yong
，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong
，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben

，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng
，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei
，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang 
，唯wei一yi需xu要yao安an裝zhuang備bei份fen軟ruan件jian的de虛xu擬ni機ji就jiu是shi備bei份fen服fu務wu器qi了le。在zai處chu理li數shu百bai個ge虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi時shi，這zhe樣yang做zuo有you助zhu於yu大da幅fu降jiang低di備bei份fen許xu可ke證zheng的de成cheng本ben
，通tong過guo快kuai照zhao功gong能neng有you效xiao提ti高gao工gong控kong機ji的de穩wen定ding性xing。