編者語：虛xu擬ni化hua應ying用yong到dao工gong業ye控kong製zhi當dang中zhong可ke以yi有you效xiao保bao證zheng工gong控kong主zhu機ji的de高gao可ke用yong性xing，提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。本ben文wen介jie紹shao工gong控kong主zhu機ji虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu的de特te點dian，詳xiang細xi介jie紹shao了le如ru何he將jiang虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu應ying用yong於yu工gong控kong機ji。

   當(dang)今(jin)虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)技(ji)術(shu)已(yi)經(jing)滲(shen)透(tou)到(dao)社(she)會(hui)關(guan)鍵(jian)行(xing)業(ye)核(he)心(xin)計(ji)算(suan)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)的(de)出(chu)現(xian)改(gai)變(bian)了(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)單(dan)一(yi)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)架(jia)構(gou)，虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)和(he)快(kuai)速(su)遷(qian)移(yi)特(te)性(xing)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)關(guan)鍵(jian)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)業(ye)務(wu)連(lian)續(xu)，有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)由(you)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)故(gu)障(zhang)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)斷(duan)，將(jiang)損(sun)失(shi)降(jiang)到(dao)最(zui)低(di)。虛(xu)擬(ni)化(hua)應(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)業(ye)控(kong)製(zhi)當(dang)中(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)的(de)高(gao)可(ke)用(yong)性(xing)，降(jiang)低(di)由(you)於(yu)工(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)機(ji)損(sun)壞(huai)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)業(ye)務(wu)中(zhong)斷(duan)
，CPU的虛擬化技術可以單CPU模擬多CPU並bing行xing
，允yun許xu一yi個ge平ping台tai同tong時shi運yun行xing多duo個ge操cao作zuo係xi統tong，並bing且qie應ying用yong程cheng序xu都dou可ke以yi在zai相xiang互hu獨du立li的de空kong間jian內nei運yun行xing而er互hu不bu影ying響xiang
，從cong而er顯xian著zhu提ti高gao計ji算suan機ji的de工gong作zuo效xiao率lv。

　　1 工控主機虛擬化技術特點

   工控主機的虛擬化技術是一種硬件方案

，支持虛擬技術的CPU帶dai有you特te別bie優you化hua過guo的de指zhi令ling集ji來lai控kong製zhi虛xu擬ni過guo程cheng，通tong過guo特te殊shu的de指zhi令ling集ji，虛xu擬ni機ji會hui很hen容rong易yi提ti高gao性xing能neng
，虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke提ti供gong基ji於yu芯xin片pian的de功gong能neng
，借jie助zhu兼jian容rongVMM軟ruan件jian能neng夠gou改gai進jin純chun軟ruan件jian解jie決jue方fang案an。由you於yu虛xu擬ni化hua硬ying件jian可ke提ti供gong全quan新xin的de架jia構gou，支zhi持chi操cao作zuo係xi統tong直zhi接jie在zai上shang麵mian運yun行xing，從cong而er無wu需xu進jin行xing二er進jin製zhi轉zhuan換huan

，減jian少shao了le相xiang關guan的de性xing能neng開kai銷xiao，極ji大da簡jian化hua了leVMM設計，進而使VMM能夠接通用標準進行編寫
、性能更加強大。

   工控主機的虛擬化基礎架構具有在任意虛擬化平台之間遷移虛擬機、快照、在資源池中的備用主機上自動重新啟動以及VMotion等deng高gao級ji功gong能neng特te性xing，因yin而er在zai它ta創chuang建jian的de環huan境jing中zhong

，遇yu到dao停ting機ji時shi最zui多duo不bu過guo就jiu是shi簡jian單dan的de重zhong新xin啟qi動dong而er已yi。對dui於yu防fang止zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu或huo硬ying件jian發fa生sheng故gu障zhang的de連lian續xu可ke用yong性xing解jie決jue方fang案an來lai說shuo，工gong控kong主zhu機jiHA對運行在虛擬機中的應用程序提供了易於使用
、jingjigaoxiaodebaohu。dangxuyaobuzhongduanyingyongchengxudelianxukeyongxingjiejuefanganshi，shiyongbitongchangqingkuangxiachangguiguzhangqiehuanqunjisuoxudeshaodeduodefuwuqi，jiukeyishixianzhuliuzaibutongwuliyingjianpingtaishangdexunijijiandeN＋1群集。

虛擬機的原理：寄居架構和裸金屬架構

　　2 工控機現場工作特有要求

   gongkongjishizhuanmenweigongyexianchangershejidejisuanji
，gongyexianchangyibanjuyouqiangliedezhendong
，huichentebieduo
，lingyouhengaodediancichangliganraodengtedian，qieyibangongchangjunshilianxuzuoyejiyinianzhongyibanmeiyouxiuxi，zaielietiaojianxiayingxianggongkongzhujixiaonengdebudandanshiqishiyongshouming，duiyuguanjianxingyewulaijiangquebaoyewudewendingxinghelianxuxingxiandegewaizhongyao
，shiyongxunihuajiagouzhuyaozaiyuxunihuadecaozuoxitongjinjinshiyiwenjianxingshicunzai，baokuoneicundejingxiangdeng，zaifashengzainanqingkuangxiakeyizuodaolinghaomiaokuaisuwufengqiehuan，suoyizaiguanjianyewuyingyongchangsuobaozhangleyewudelianxukekao。

   調tiao查zha統tong計ji發fa現xian，百bai分fen之zhi八ba十shi以yi上shang工gong控kong機ji事shi故gu都dou是shi由you於yu操cao作zuo係xi統tong不bu穩wen定ding造zao成cheng
，影ying響xiang係xi統tong穩wen定ding的de因yin素su有you很hen多duo包bao括kuo電dian磁ci幹gan擾rao等deng間jian接jie因yin素su
，如ru何he保bao證zheng主zhu機ji係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding可ke靠kao成cheng為wei防fang範fan的de重zhong點dian，充chong分fen利li用yong虛xu擬ni化hua技ji術shu可ke以yi有you效xiao的de保bao證zheng操cao作zuo係xi統tong的de穩wen定ding，工gong控kong機ji當dang中zhong部bu署shu的de是shi裸luo金jin屬shu架jia構gou的de企qi業ye版ban虛xu擬ni化hua架jia構gou

，之zhi上shang再zai部bu署shu操cao作zuo係xi統tong和he控kong製zhi應ying用yong程cheng序xu，通tong過guo翻fan譯yi對dui接jie確que保bao底di層ceng應ying用yong的de穩wen定ding性xing。

　　3 虛擬化技術如何應用於工控機

   通過虛擬化應用，可以讓不同的操作係統在同一台控製主機上同時運行，如UNIX LINUX WINDOWSdengzhongduocaozuoxitong，shixianyiwangbukenengshixiandeduoxiuzhujiagou，zaigongkongyingyongdangzhong，keyimanzuduozhongyewuxitongdexuyao。kuaizhaogongnengzaixunihuahuanjingzhongzhichimeijuanchuangjianduogekuaizhaokaobei，bingjiangzhexieshijiandiankaobeifenpeigeiqitaxuniji。zheyangyonghuzhixuchuangjianshengchanshujudekuaizhaokaobeibingfenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuoceshidexuniji，jiunenggouchuangjianchugongnengqiangdadeceshihuanjingle。yidanyonghujianlilexunifuwuqihuanjing，yonghujiunenggoukuaisuchuangjianxuniceshifuwuqi。ceshirenyuanbujinnenggouzaijimiaozhongneifenpeihuodezhenshide“實時”數據
，還能在整個測試過程中進行數據快照。

   由於在虛擬環境中添加和刪除虛擬機及應用非常方便
，因此，環境的動態性很強。換言之，虛擬機總在被創建、使shi用yong，然ran後hou進jin行xing再zai分fen配pei或huo刪shan除chu。這zhe帶dai來lai了le巨ju大da的de靈ling活huo性xing。不bu過guo，在zai這zhe種zhong高gao度du動dong態tai化hua的de環huan境jing中zhong
，必bi須xu確que保bao以yi與yu虛xu擬ni服fu務wu器qi相xiang同tong的de簡jian化hua方fang式shi來lai提ti供gong和he再zai分fen配pei存cun儲chu容rong量liang。存cun儲chu虛xu擬ni化hua有you助zhu於yu實shi現xian這zhe種zhong靈ling活huo性xing。

實現效果

   ruguoxunihuanjingzhongyoushubaitaixuniji，bujinkenengzengjiabeifenchengben，erqiehaihuidafutigaofuzaxing。liyongkuaizhaogongneng
，womenbubizaimeigexunijishangdouanzhuangbeifendaili。womenkejiumeitaixunifuwuqichuangjiankuaizhaokaobei，ranhouzaijiangzhexiekuaizhaokaobeifenpeigeizhuanmenyongzuobeifenfuwuqidexuniji，yicijinxingbeifen。zheyang
，weiyixuyaoanzhuangbeifenruanjiandexunijijiushibeifenfuwuqile。zaichulishubaigexunifuwuqishi
，zheyangzuoyouzhuyudafujiangdibeifenxukezhengdechengben，tongguokuaizhaogongnengyouxiaotigaogongkongjidewendingxing。