我國是一個農業大國,各種灌區有上萬之多,其中灌區麵積在萬畝以上的就有5000多個,在這其中又有200多duo個ge是shi特te大da型xing灌guan區qu。灌guan區qu為wei當dang地di的de農nong業ye生sheng產chan防fang汛xun抗kang旱han都dou起qi到dao了le積ji極ji的de作zuo用yong。但dan隨sui著zhe經jing濟ji的de發fa展zhan,農nong業ye自zi動dong化hua水shui平ping的de提ti高gao,原yuan來lai的de管guan理li方fang式shi以yi不bu能neng與yu生sheng產chan相xiang適shi應ying,雖sui然ran灌guan區qu工gong作zuo人ren員yuan做zuo出chu了le極ji大da的de努nu力li,並bing在zai一yi定ding程cheng度du上shang提ti高gao了le工gong作zuo效xiao率lv,但dan在zai目mu前qian的de情qing況kuang下xia還hai有you很hen多duo問wen題ti難nan以yi解jie決jue:信息處理不及時,放水滯後,存在偷放,漏放,少放,過放等現象,並且難以確認責任人。
從近幾年開始,各個灌區也開始對農業灌溉用水進行收費,這就更突出了一個難題――如(ru)何(he)計(ji)算(suan)放(fang)出(chu)的(de)水(shui)量(liang),以(yi)前(qian)都(dou)是(shi)評(ping)有(you)經(jing)驗(yan)的(de)閘(zha)門(men)操(cao)作(zuo)工(gong)人(ren)評(ping)經(jing)驗(yan)直(zhi)覺(jiao)來(lai)估(gu)計(ji)放(fang)水(shui)的(de)總(zong)量(liang)。這(zhe)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)誤(wu)差(cha)很(hen)大(da),不(bu)能(neng)真(zhen)正(zheng)反(fan)映(ying)出(chu)用(yong)水(shui)的(de)總(zong)量(liang),估(gu)計(ji)的(de)過(guo)高(gao)會(hui)引(yin)起(qi)用(yong)水(shui)農(nong)民(min)與(yu)灌(guan)區(qu)管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門(men)的(de)糾(jiu)紛(fen),估(gu)計(ji)過(guo)低(di)會(hui)給(gei)灌(guan)區(qu)管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門(men)帶(dai)來(lai)損(sun)失(shi)。
基於以上情況我們提出了基於E爾組態軟件的閘門監控係統,整個的係統架構如下:
灌區信息化
duiyuwoguogegeguanqudexianzhuang,jibenshangshixianzaizhiyouzhamendianjijifangshicunzaide,qitabufenyaoxinshang。kongzhiguizhijieanfangzaizhamenjifangzhong,keyishezhisanzhongmoshi:本地手動,本地自動和遠程控製。這樣可以應付在一些特殊情況比如:通信線路遭到破壞。
RTU(Remote Terminal Unit遠程終端設備)可以實現一些簡單的控製,在此方案中我們把所有的控製放在上位機部分實現。進入RTU的信號主要有:閘門的開度、閘門的升降、啟停狀態、控製櫃的電源狀態、上下遊水位等等。
通信線路我們可以根據情況而定:ruguogegezhamencaozuoshizhijiandejulibushihenyuan,erqiezhouweiziranhuanjingyunxudehua,keyikaolvpusheguangxian,tedianshichuanshusudukuai,yilaoyongyi,nengweiyihoudezhenggeguanquxinxihuabangongzidonghuadaxialianghaodejichu。ruguojulibijiaoyuanbingqiedixingxiangduikaikuodehuakeyikaolvshiyoushuzidiantai,youyoudianshichengbendi,yiyushigong,quedianshidaikuanbijiaozhai,yishouganrao。lingwaihaikeyikaolvshiyongGSM,GPRS,CDMA1X等deng方fang式shi,但dan每mei年nian必bi須xu支zhi付fu一yi定ding數shu量liang的de租zu用yong費fei用yong。由you於yu整zheng個ge係xi統tong的de大da部bu分fen設she備bei都dou在zai開kai闊kuo的de野ye外wai,在zai施shi工gong時shi一yi定ding要yao考kao慮lv好hao整zheng個ge係xi統tong的de避bi雷lei措cuo施shi。
所有數據進入上位機後,都會被處理,比如說我們通過閘門開度、shangxiayoushuiweidengxinxi,tongshijieheyonghutigongdeliuliangjingyanjisuangongshihuoshujubiaogejisuanchugegezhamendeshunshiliuliang。youwomenjisuanchudeshunshiliulianghewomenshujukuzhongtigongdeleijidiankeyifeichangrongyidedaoshishideleijiliangshuju。womenhaitigongxiaoxinhaoqiechugongneng,bimianyinweizhamenguanbibuyanhuochuanganqizhongdexinhaopiaoyieryinqileijiliangzengjia。
數據在數據庫中被處理完成後,或以流程畫麵的方式在上位機上顯示,並提供人機交互,控製閘門的開啟;huoshijinrubaobiaoxitong,zidongshengchengshuiliangritongjibiaoheyuetongjibiao,tongguodayinjishuchuchulai。suoyoudeshujugenjuyonghudedingyishengchenglishishujubingbaocundaoyingpanhuoqitadeyongjiucunchujiezhishang。bingweiyonghutigonglishishujuzhaxunhelishishujuquxian,gongyonghushihoufenxi。xitonghuizidongjiluyonghuduizhamencaozuokongzhi,ruyoushigufashengkeyijishiquedingdangshidecaozuoren。
所有的流程畫麵、統計報表、曆史表格和曆史曲線,都可以以WEB的方式發布,其它用戶在取得響應的授權可以通過IE瀏覽器來控製或瀏覽,這樣灌區的領導在自己的辦公室中也可以實時的了解灌區的信息。
xianzaijiyuchaoshengbodeceliangshunshiliusudejishuzhengzaizhubuzouxiangchengshu,xiangxinzaichaoshengboceliusujishuchengshuwendingzhihoubijiangdadatigaoguanquzhamenjiankongxitongdezuoyong。
實施本係統後,可以更加及時的響應用戶的用水需求,並且能比較正確的記錄每次的放水總量,提升整個灌區的現代化水平。